宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E07

Part 4 April 22, 2021, 8:12 p.m.

万有引力取决于质量
While greater it is the mass major will be the gravity.
质量越大引力越大
So in Mercury, the gravity is smaller.
因此在水星上,引力比较小
Since the gravity of planet is so weak
由于水星上弱小的引力
if weights 68 kg in the Earth
地球上重达150磅的物体
you would only weigh 25 kg in Mercury.
在水星只有57磅
The size of a planet matters when it is considered
经过计算,行星需要有足够大质量
necessary the internal heat in order to maintain the activity geologic.
内部才会有足够地热而形成各种地质活动
The internal currents of convection that they impel geology they stop
行星内部没有了地质对流
and generally, it is only congealed.
总而言之,里面冻结了
And there is way no to maintain that geologic activity.
因此,无法形成地质活动
That happened to him to Mercury does long time
很久以前,水星上就是如此了
probably after less of billions of years of life.
可能就在水星诞生几亿年之后
水星上曾经也大量陨星袭击
The days in which the planet it beat with a strong pulse
that it produced volcanos and movements seismic and tectonic
造成火山活动和不断的地震
they happened long ago.
不过,是很久之前的事了
Is Mercury a dead planet?
水星是一颗死星吗?
It depends than you want to say with 揹ead?
这取决于你对"死"的理解
He is active internamente now? Perhaps no.
水星内部还活跃吗?恐怕不是
Perhaps he is not active absolutely.
也许是完全的死寂
It is essentially a dead planet
基本上就是一颗死星
that there is been thus by 4 billions of years.
已经这样40多亿年了
To be a planet almost without life, Mercury even has something of movement.
水星虽然没有任何活力仍然以某些方式运动着
Baptized by the old Romans in honor to the messenger of fast feet
古罗马人尊称水星为墨丘利----为众神使者
Mercury orbit to the Sun in 88 days terrestrial.
水星绕太阳公转仅需88地球日
More express than any other planet.
比任何其他太阳系行星都要快
But when one is the time that him it takes to Mercury to turn on its axis
水星自己本身的自转
the planet owns the record of being slowest.
是所有行星中最慢的[解说有误,水星自转不是最慢]
Duration:near 180 days terrestrial.
持续近180天[解说有误,180天是太阳日,非自转周期]
Almost half year.
大约半年[同错]
The gravitational force of the Sun, creates one 揻riction of tide?within
由于太阳的巨大引力,产生"潮汐摩擦"作用
Mercury that reduces its speed when turning on its axis.
减慢了水星的自转周期
This means that a year in Mercury he is shorter than a day in the planet.
导致水星的一年比一天要短[有误,应是一天比一年短]
And that slow rotation gives Mercury very peculiar a climatic prediction.
缓慢的自转形成水星上的特殊气候
For six months, the side set out to the Sun it reaches the 425 Celsius degrees.
长达6个月,面向阳光的一面表面温度高达800华氏度[425摄氏度]
In the other side, the temperature falls up to 185 degrees below cero.
背面温度则低于零下300华氏度[-185摄氏度]
It has long time to warm up itself in the side that it gives to the Sun
面向太阳的一面长时间的高温
and long time to cool off in the other side.
背面则长时间的低温
For that reason you have those great ones extreme temperatures.
因此,水星上有这样巨大的温差
In spite of its proximity to the Sun
因为水星接近太阳
Mercury is a black ewe in the planetary family.
水星是行星家族中的污点
Its sky always seems one night starred.
天空永远是一副星空
The sky is black.
黑暗的
The reason for which we have sky blue in the Earth
我们地球的天空之所以是蓝色的
it is because of the atmosphere.
是因为地球大气
The hydrogen disperses the light, mainly in the blue ones
空气分子散射了阳光中的蓝♥光♥
and for that reason the sky shines blue in the Earth.
于是地球的天空呈蓝色
Mercury does not have atmosphere, so its sky is black.
水星没有大气因此天空黑暗
According to the legend, Mercury, the Roman God
根据罗马神话, 墨丘利
it invented the sport of the boxing.
发明了拳击运动
And this it is a planet that has received its part in the quadrilateral.
水星也如此的进行了一场长♥期♥拳击
Mercury has seen million meteorites and asteroids to explode in
水星呈被数百万的陨石,小行星
its surface then does not have atmosphere to protect it.
袭击其没有大气保护的表面
Our atmosphere protects to the Earth of most of the impacts
地球大气层很好的抵御了大多数袭击
like a force field.
像一个力场
When object strikes a small it
当小个的物体袭来
usually to more than 10 times the speed of one bleats
速度通常比子弹还要快10被
the collision with molecules of they vaporize it to air.
与空气分子产生激烈摩擦高温蒸发逸尽
The Earth is shielded of small impressive objects
地球不被陨星袭击
by this wonderful thing that we called atmosphere.
全靠这神奇的大气层
And the small and weak objects
这些小物体
they are completely destroy完全被摧毁
by this force, long before which they reach the ground of the planet.
在离地面很高的大气中
In Mercury, without that atmosphere
水星上没有大气
the asteroids and meteorites they strike at full speed.
陨星直接全速撞击水星表面
This for of Mercury the planet with more craters of the Solar System.
导致水星上拥有太阳系里最多的坑
You cannot take a passage in Mercury without finding a crater.
遍布水星,你找不到一块没有坑的地方
1974年,水手10号♥探测器
In 1974, the space probe Mariner 10
it mapped half of surface of the planet
绘制出了水星一半的表面
including the greater crater never drilled in the Solar System.
包括一个太阳系中最大的坑
The most prominent characteristic is called the 揅aloris River basin?
这个特征最显著的陨石坑被称作卡洛里斯盆地
that it is an impact crater very great
这个坑如此大
it has perhaps 1,500 km of diameter.
直径可能有900英里[1500千米]
1.500 km of diameter.
直径900英里[1500千米]
Those are about 300 km more ample that the state of Texas.
比整个德克萨斯州还要大200英里[300千米]
The investigators speculate that iron meteorite
研究人员推测
that it created that impact
可能是铁质小行星的剧烈撞击
one extended by more than 95 km, before of crashing in the surface.
在撞击地表前伸展到超过60英里[95千米]大
撞击后瞬间
Moments after the impact
the seismic waves converged in the point antipodal
产生的地震波汇聚于相反的一点
the point of the side exactly opposed of the planet.
刚好在水星背面的对应点上
The seismic waves, the waves of impact of this thing traveled
冲击所形成的地震波
and they were concentrated simultaneously around the other side of the planet
几乎同时,汇集到水星的另一面
what literally it tore the surface.
撕裂着地表
The seismic turbulence revolvi? the crust and deformed the land
地面在地震波的搅动下
in formation rocky unusual.
形成不规则岩石地表
That strange land exists all
这些奇异的地表
in fact the technical term it is strange land?
有个术语叫"queer terra"
You observe when it is simply stranger, is deformed and mountainous
观察会发现,过程完全奇异,跳跃着的,山一般的
and it does not have agreement sense with the geologic activities
但又不具备任何典型的地质特征,完全混沌的
it would seem that somebody it raised the surface
又好像被推起的人
it dropped and it.
然后掉下去
The existing craters suddenly they became crude hills
陨石坑瞬间变成天然的山
of about 10 km in width and 1.5 of height.
大约6英里宽,1英里高
The level of elevation of the surface it could have been
地表在几秒钟内
in the order of 1 km or 2, in only few seconds.
就升起高达1至2千米
It had to be horrible.
非常惊人
The scientists do not have way of knowing exactly
科学家无法确切的弄清楚
when 揷aloris?happened the impact.
卡洛里斯盆地何时形成的
But they can conjecture a thing.
不过他们可以想象某个事件
If an asteroid of that size one would crash against the Earth
如果这样的巨大的小行星袭击地球
the impact would be catastrophic.
撞击造成巨大灾难
And it would end the human civilization.
将毁灭人类文明
Innumerable meteorite impacts and asteroids, have left scars
无数陨星在水星上留下疤痕
in Mercury in the form of dents and crater ring.
形成各样的环形山和陨石坑
Today the planet shines struck, a terrestrial corpse.
如今,水星被击打成行星尸体
Just as Mercury, the surface terrestrial he is vulnerable to the bombing.
就像水星,地表很脆弱
And the 揅rater of the Meteorite? of Arizona
亚利桑那陨石坑
he is one of our craters more preserved and mercurianos.
是地球上保持最完整,最相似于水星陨石坑
The desert river basin has given them to the geologists a better understanding
这片荒芜的盆地有利于地质学家了解
than it happens when a meteorite it strikes the Mercury surface.
陨星撞击水星表面所发生的
In an impact, the energy of the shock wave
撞击中,地震波的能量
one extends by the surface and it moves tons of rock upwards
拉平了地面,击飞数吨♥的石块
in order to form the crater.
形成了陨石坑
And that rock flow excavated this cavity in the form of bowl
飞溅的石头离开这碗状坑底
and it deposited rubbish in the landscape by kilometers to the round one.
散落在周围数英里形成这奇特景观
That same energy created the walls of the crater
撞击的能量同时也形成了这坑壁
that it did that these flat layers of rock behind me, would rise.
造成了我周围升起的这些岩层
And the rock, under the influence of the impact
在巨大撞击的作用下
one did not behave fragilely since it makes a rock
使得那些易碎的石头
but he was more flexible.
变得具有韧性
This is one of the characteristics of impact craters.
陨石坑都有这样的特点
Not only here in 揅rater of the Meteorite?
不仅仅在这个陨石坑里
but in all the Solar System.
太阳系所有的陨石坑都如此
But they imagine if the powerful object that it deformed the 揅aloris River basin?
想象一下造成水星上卡洛里斯盆的巨大小行星
in Mercury
one would crash in the place of 揅rater of the Meteorite?
撞击在这个亚利桑那陨石坑的地方
It would be an enormous explosion
将产生巨大的爆♥炸♥
with pieces of melted material
高温而融化的陨石碎片
flying ballistically by the Earth
从地面飞起
rejoining to the atmosphere terrestrial
冲进大气层
and causing enormous rains of meteorites everywhere.