宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E10

Part 6 April 22, 2021, 8:13 p.m.

这些看起来不存在的行星
are known as"Blue Stragglers".
被称作是蓝色的访客
The mystery of blue stragglersis that they're,
这些神秘的蓝色行星比周围的要年轻很多
in some sense, younger thanthey have any right to be.
All of the stars of that massand that luminosity
所有这些行星都存在一个星系乔斯纳?巴恩斯l夏威夷大学
would have died off billionsof years ago in these clusters,
它们在上百万年前就消失了
so the puzzle is, where do thesethings come from,
那么这些东西是哪里来的呢？
how did they get into thestar clusters.
加何进入到星系当中去的呢？
Astrophysicist Joshua Barnesthinks he knows the answer.
经过一番研究后教授知道了答案
He believes blue stragglers arethe result of collisions
他认为这些新行星是毁灭行星后诞生的
between older and dimmermain sequence stars.
A collision of twomain sequence stars,
主星序上的两颗行星
two Sun-like stars,is actually relatively gentle.
实际上很温和的相见了
The mutual gravity of the starslocks them in a spiral.
这两颗行星的相互撞击
将这两颗将对方锁在一起
They've lost energy ofmotion and they will come back
它们失去能量之后就会返回
and have multiple subsequent passages.
这对它们彼此产生重要的影响
They heat up and swell up andkind of spiral around each other,
它们再次获得能量后，撞击对方
making several passes,
它们由此产生的冲击波，传到对方行星
each closer than the last one,
until they finally cometogether and the stars merge.
一直到它们形成一颗行星
In the end, rather thantriggering a catastrophe,
到最后，它们成为一体
the two stars merge to formone more massive star.
但是这两颗行星逐渐融合
变成一颗巨大的行星
What you're basically doing istaking to small old stars,
需要做的是将两颗旧的行星
piling* them together to makeone star now which is twice as massive,
融合到一起、成为一颗巨大的行星
体积是原来的两倍
and therefore being more massiveit's brighter and bluer
因此成了一颗更大的行星
than the rest ofthe stars in the cluster.
而且行星的运行速度非常快
So it seems to be stragglingbehind the rest of the stars.
我想，它比其余的行星更加耀眼
While the mystery of the bluestragglers seems to have been solved,
当行星世界的谜团解决的时候
the heavens are burstingwith unusual objects
实际上，新的宇宙问题还在等待我们
that dare science to explain them.
它们的科学更加扑朔迷离
Black holes, neutron starsand white dwarfs,
黑洞，新的中子星
all represent the end ofremarkable stellar lives.
还有白接星，这一切都象征着
一颗巨大行星的终结
但是另外的物质却会诞生
But there are other strange celestialobjects that never got a chance to shine.
它们不会有机会离开
Not quite planets, not quite stars,these are the brown dwarfs.
没有机会去计划
不只是宁静的行星
还有这些棕色的接星
A brown dwarf is basically afailed star.
棕色接星实际上是一颗失败的行星迈克尔?刘l夏威夷大学
University of Hawaii astronomer MichaelLiu, searches for these elusive objects.
夏威夷大学的教授正在研究这一物体
Stars produce a lot of light, they'revery easy to see a long way away.
行星提供很多光线
它们很容易看到自身的轨道
The brown dwarfs arevery low temperature
so they emit very, very little light.
那里的气温非常低
所以光线非常暗淡
Because they're so dim,it means
因为它们很明所以认为它们
we can only see themif they're very close to us.
A brown dwarf has the sameingredients as a star,
but it simply doesn't have enoughmass to sustain nuclear fusion.
棕色接星和其它的行星很像
It's something that's bornewith less than 1% the mass of the Sun,
但是它没有足够的能量来维持核子的反应
so it can't produceits own energy,
它和其它的行星有些不同
it's essentially a failed star.
Without fusion, these failed starsstart to act more like planets.
它无法提供能量，所以是一颗失败的行星
没有任何燃料
If you were flying in a spaceshipacross the surface of the star,
加果你在宇宙空间飞行的话
经过行星的表面的话
you wouldn't really seeanything that looked like
你没办法看到高山，山川那样的尔?比萨伯克利分校
clouds or mountainsor anything like that.
When you go to a brown dwarfthings begin to change.
当你到了棕接星去
情况就完全不一样了
We think their atmospheresin some ways might be similar
上面的大气层有．支类似于
to things like very massiveversions of the planet Jupiter.
木星上面的大气
If you're familiarwith pictures of Jupiter
you see Jupiter has also a bandingstructure and clouds on its surface.
上面有很多的云层
Although we've never taken a pictureof the surface of a brown dwarf,
尽管我们没有在棕接星上拍照
we think brown dwarfs may also havea similar cloud structure.
我们认为上面有相类似的云层结构
These aren't normal kinds of cloudslike we know about on the Earth,
这些云层同地球上的是一样的
you have iron vapourmaking these clouds,
有很多蒸汽形成这些云层
and then the cloudsmay get thick enough
然后你能看到各种元素融合在里面
that you get iron dropletsraining out of the clouds.
从云层里释放出来
Obviously a person wouldn't wantto be there 'cause these are molten iron.
很显然没人想去那里
因为那里到处都流尚着铁水
To date astronomers have locatedonly a couple hundred brown dwarfs,
今天，我们只能拍摄到几张棕接星的图片
and they still have many questionsabout these elusive objects.
人们还对它们有些疑问
For one, they know somebrown dwarfs
首先，他们知道有些接星周围有气层
have discs of dust and gasaround them.
Might those discs forminto planets?
这些能够形成星球吗？
That's just one of manymysteries yet to be solved
这不过很多谜团中的一个
等待我们去解决
as we continue to probe the stars.
我们继续去探索这些星球
But already, science has revealedthe Universe to be a magical realm
但是科学家已经认识到宇宙是个神奇的地方
导演道格拉斯?J?科恩
of dwarfs and giants,stragglers and supernovas,
有各种星球和行星
各种神奇的现象
and hidden within theexplosive life story of stars
这些神奇行星的毁灭
they have found the veryhistory of the Cosmos,
它们成为宇宙的过去和历史
and a key to understandingour own origins.
这是了解我们自己起源的关键