宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E09

Part 4 April 22, 2021, 8:12 p.m.

我们附近的星系群是个小群，
a pile of 3 dozens of galaxies.
这群大约有三打星系。
The Milky Way and the galaxy of Andr髆eda, M31
我们银河系和仙女座星系，M31
they are the two dominant galaxies.
是两个绩优星系，
The majority of the galaxies of ours local group
星系群中其它的星系
they are small dwarfed galaxies.
都是矮星星系。
Each of these galaxies has small galaxies satellite
这些星系都有几个小的卫星星系，
that they orbit around them.
象奴隶一样围绕着它们。
Each great galaxy feels the influence of the masses of the other
大的星系之间都受到对方的引力影响，
and they turn around them. So all these galaxies
相互绕行。所有的星系，
small they orbit the great galaxies
小的绕着大的转，
and these orbit as well the other great galaxies.
大的相互绕着转。
They are 30 or more galaxies
这个有三十多个星系的星系群，
that they turn by common center of mass.
围绕着它们共同的质量中心旋转。
The dwarfed members more known the local group
在我们星系群的两个著名的矮星星系
are two galaxies known like great and Small Magall醤icas clouds.
是大、小麦哲伦星云。
The scientists think now that the clouds orbit the Milky Way
科学家现在认为，受银河系引力影响，
thanks to the influence of the tide of our galaxy.
它们在围绕着银河系旋转。
The gravity is by all means a street of two Ways.
引力是双刃剑，
The push is thought that gravitational of those clouds
可以认为来自星云的引力
it has also distorted parts of our own galactic disc.
同样扭曲了我们星系的部分圆盘。
Thanks to the measurement of the emitted energy
由恒星释放出的能量测定，
in the Magall醤icas clouds Small and Great
大、小麦哲伦星云,
the astronomers think that they are done of
天文学家认为，它们的组成
a matter different from of our galaxy.
和我们的星系不同。
The clouds are richer in hydrogen and helium that the Milky Way
相对银河系，星云中富含氢和氦，
and they have less metals.
金属含量少。
The scientists think that this means that
科学家认为这表明，
the stars are younger in clouds.
星云中的恒星是新星。
It is probable that the gravitational dance between clouds and the Milky Way
星云和银河系之间的引力舞蹈，
it has lasted thousands of million years.
看起来进行了数亿年了。
But while, a gravitational battle different and more mysterious
同时,一种不同的和更加神秘的战斗
it is happening in center of the Milky Way.
发生在银河系的中心。
Because when one goes to the center of the galaxy
当你到了银河系的中心，
and once it crosses all the dust, gas and the least stars
穿过了宇宙灰尘，气体和星辰
one is with something frightful and foolish
你会发现大吃一惊的东西，
where the normal rules of the time and the space is not applicable.
时间和空间的正常规则在这儿是不适用的。
In center of the Milky Way and perhaps in the one of all foreign galaxy
在银河的中心或许在每个星系的中心
it watchs an enormous beast of a voracious appetite.
是一个有贪婪的胃口的超级怪兽，
It is a beast of which there is no possible escape.
一个无法逃脱的怪兽。
There is a region in center of our galaxy, the Milky Way
在我们的星系，银河系，的核心区域，
where nothing can flee.
那里什么都无法逃脱。
That is the point of nonreturn
这里有去无回，
it is an enormous super black hole.
一个巨大的超级黑洞。
A black hole is an object astrophisicist
黑洞是一种天体物理学物体，
that it owns too much mass in very small volume
有巨大的质量，微小的体积，
and its gravitational force he is so great
它的引力非常强大
that nor the light has sufficient force to flee from him.
就连光也没有足够的能量逃脱。
The black holes they can form when
黑洞形成于
an enormous star it explodes at the end of its life
或者巨大的恒星生命终止时的爆♥炸♥，
and the nucleus of the star it turns into a black hole
其核心崩溃成为黑洞，
or you can have black holes very great in the centers of the galaxies.
或者在星系的中心形成黑洞。
So great what is?
多么大？
They own almost 4 million times more mass than the Sun.
设想一下接近400万倍的太阳的质量。
Sometimes the black holes they devour whole stars
有时候黑洞吞噬整个恒星，
creating ferocious explosions calls outbreaks gamma ray.
引发剧烈爆♥炸♥产生伽玛射线暴。
In order to be able to emit a gamma ray
要产生伽玛射线暴
an object must have a temperature of thousands of million degrees
物体的温度要达到几十亿度，
or trillions of degrees, so it is something that would be incredibly hot.
或者万亿度，不可置信地热。
In some cases the galaxies have state to 10 billions of years light
有时候一百亿光年外的星系
and outbreaks gamma the ray they have been so shining that
产生伽玛射线暴时亮到
of to have had binoculars
用副望远镜
while you watched the correct part of the sky at the moment just
在正确的时间和正确的角度，
you would have seen a luminescence visible by the gamma rays.
就可以看到伽玛射线暴的余晖。
That would pass when using binoculars
就用副望远镜
in order to see something in the other side of the Universe
看到宇宙那边的景物，
to 10 billions of years distance light.
一百亿光年外呀！
They can imagine what explosion class was that?
你能想象到那是什么样的爆♥炸♥吗？
If there is a gigantic black hole in center of our galaxy
假如我们的星系中心有个巨大的超级黑洞，
it could have black holes similars
相同的黑洞
watching in center of all the distant galaxies?
在每个星系中心都有吗？
When observing the neighboring galaxies
当观察相邻星系的时，
and this is a recent result
最近的结果
we see that the majority of the galaxies
我们看到大部分星系，
they seem to have holes black in its nuclei
其中心有个巨大的超级黑洞，
that they are from million to thousands of million times
范围是数百万甚至数亿倍
greater than our Sun.
我们的太阳的质量。
It seems that is a common aspect and ordinary of a galaxy.
这对星系来说似乎很常见和普通
The black holes devour matter
黑洞吞噬物质
but half is thought less than that of the 1 _ of our Universe
但宇宙1%的一少半
it is done of observable matter
相信是可以观察到的物质，
as the stars, planets, gas and dust.
象恒星、行星、气体和星尘。
Then, how the rest formed of things created after Big Bang?
大爆♥炸♥后形成的物质如何运作？
What is what in fact it forms to the galaxy distant?
到底是什么形成了星系？
The best conjecture of the scientists
科学家的最佳推测：
it is a mysterious substance call dark matter.
是种神秘物质--暗物质。
The dark matter is a fantastic thing.
暗物质是神奇的东西。
We know that it exists, we know that it exerts gravitational attraction on the things.
我们知道它存在，我们知道它在吸引物质。
One of the best evidences of the existence of the dark matter
暗黑物质存在的最佳证据之一
it is that the galaxies in form of spiral
是螺旋星系的自转
they turn more express than they would do it and
比它们应有的速度快，
that must be because there is nonvisible material
除非有看不到的物质
that it causes that they turn more express.
导致它们的自转加速。
Professor Richard Ellis is pioneer of a new technique
加州理工的埃利斯教授用一项新技术创新地
in order to create a three-dimensional map of Universe
建立了宇宙的三唯地图，
where it includes the dark matter.
包括暗物质。
This it is the first indication of dynamic characteristicses
这是首次由动态数据给出的暗示，
of which there is much matter dark in the Universe.
宇宙中存在大量的暗物质。
Also we can detect the matter dark with an incredible phenomenon
我们也可通过非凡的现象发现暗物质，
that it was predicted by Einstein and it is used in astronomy
就是由爱因斯坦预测，现在被天文学应用的
and we called gravitational lens.
引力透镜效应。
The dark matter doubles the light that happens through her
暗物质使通过它的光线弯曲
since it would make a piece of curveado glass.
很象块不平的玻璃。
The light waves are doubled by materials
光波被物质弯曲，
and where we can see the signals of the doblamiento of light rays
在哪里看到这种弯曲的光线，
we can infer that there is much dark matter present.
就是说那里就有大量暗物质的存在。
We cannot see the dark matter directly
我们无法直接看到暗物质，
it does not shine, does not scatter light
它既不发光也不反光，
but we can infer his it is present at by the effect that it has
但我们可以推测它的存在，通过
on light rays that they come
穿过暗物质的光线
through the groups of dark matter.
所受到的它的影响。
So, we know that the matter dark it is there
所以我们知道暗物质的存在，
we can make maps of how it is distributed
我们能画它的分布图，
although we cannot see it directly.
尽管我们无法直接看到。
For that reason another advantage of the lens gravitational
引力透镜效应更大的优势
it is that it works like a magnifying glass.
是它像放大镜一样。
So when watching through him, things are greater and shining
通过它观察的时，想对于没有它
than they would be if we did not have it.
物体会大点儿、亮点儿。
As an afterthought it is like natural telescope in the space.
你可以认为它是太空中天然的望远镜。
Although the dark matter a central paper plays
尽管暗物质的作用
in the birth and evolution of the life of the galaxies
在星系的诞生和进化很重要，
there is another responsible dark force in partial form by its growth.
还有一种暗力量起了部分作用。
In one it climbs cosmic, the galaxies they are fleeing from us
以宇宙角度来看，星系在快速远离我们而去，
due to the expansion continuous of the Universe.
因为宇宙在不停的膨胀。
Then, if the Universe is expanding, what impels that fact?
加果宇宙在膨胀，什么力量推动它的澎胀？
The unique answer that has been able to give the scientists so far
现在科学家只有一种答案，
she is the one of a mysterious one dark energy.
一种神秘的暗能量。
The dark energy is in some aspects more stranger than the dark matter.
暗能量某种角度上比暗物质还要怪。
The dark energy
暗能量
it is doing that the Universe it expands now at this moment
导致了宇宙膨胀一直到现在，
and more faster with the course of the time.