宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E13

Part 5 April 22, 2021, 8:13 p.m.

是其中的一个频率
that's at one frequency.That's the indication that the signal
所以信♥号♥♥是用发射器发射出来的
is made by a transmitter,not made by nature.
并不是大自然发射出的信♥号♥♥
当然是用电脑进行倾听
Of course, computersdo the listening, not scientists.
并不是科学家
We have specialized receiversto do all the listening,
我们用特殊的电脑来倾听信♥号♥♥
and the computersare monitoring the receivers.
电脑监控接收器
我们可能接受到数百万个频段的信♥号♥♥
So, typically, we'll havereceivers that monitor,
say, 100 million channels at once,
so, if the computers see a signal thatlooks like it might be extraterrestrial,
电脑寻找外星人发射的信♥号♥♥
as opposed to a radarat the local airport,
其中会有雷达信♥号♥♥，机场信♥号♥♥
or telecommunicationssatellites or something like that,
还有通信信♥号♥♥
then the computer will follow upon that signal
电脑会进行跟踪可能会认为，这个很可疑
and if it's beginning to look like,"Yeah, this might be the big one,"
then it will call us up and drawit to our attention.
所以这会引起我们的注意
So we don't have to sit thereand be bored all the time.
我们并不能一直都在监控
To date, no suchsignal has been detected.
到目前为止还没有发现这样的信♥号♥♥
但是，科学家们对此非常有信心
But the SETI Institutepresses on faithfully.
Rightly so, in the mindsof many prominent astronomers.
他们收集到很多电子信♥号♥♥
Absence of evidence is notevidence of absence.
缺少并不能说明没有证据汤姆?斯普克探索中心
So we can't say,"Oh, SETI hasn't found anything so far,
所以，我们不能说，一无所获
"so, obviously there are no otherintelligent civilizations out there."
就妄自断言说，没有高等的文明
我们无法下断言
No, we can't say that. And I supporttheir continuing to look.
我还是建议继续观察
There are hundreds of billions of starsin our galaxy,
在我们的星系里有数百万颗行星亚当?谢尔曼亚利桑那州大学
and hundreds of billionsof galxies in the Universe.
宇宙中有数百万个星系
Just by sheer weight of numbers,I would be surprised if there's not
即使只是探索几个星系无法推断没有智能生物
intelligent life somewhereelse in the Universe.
With so many possibilities, how doSETI astronomers determine
有很多种可能
到底加何让科学家确定将望远镜定位在何方
exactly where to focustheir telescopes and efforts?
并且不会落空你希望有机会获得信♥号♥♥
You want to pick star systemsthat have a good chance
或许希望有这样一个
of maybe having a planetsomething like this one,
so that there's a greater chanceof having intelligent life,
这样才有机会找到高等文明的证据
but we don't really know very much aboutwhat kind of planets these stars have.
我们并不肯定这些行星有什么生命
So, we just have long lists,literally millions of stars,
我们有一个很长的名单
确切．支说，是数百万颗行星就在宇宙当中
relatively nearbyour cosmic backyard,
我们需要想办法去探索
and we just workour way through them.
加果有一天无线电搜集到可能是外星人发射的信♥号♥♥
And what would happen if one daya SETI radiotelescope
那将怎么样呢？
picked up a signal that looked likeit could be an alien transmission?
One thing you would certainly doif you picked up a signal,
有一天有可能搜集到这样的信♥号♥♥
is say, "Look, I'm not gonna believe ittill somebody else can see it as well."
可能你并不会相信和其他人一样
Because there could be bugs in thesoftware or hardware that are fooling you.
可能是其它的设备发射的信♥号♥♥
你会怎么处理呢？加果你认为有可能是的话
So, what you would do is at the pointwhere you thought "this looks real",
you would call up somebodyat another radio observatory
你可能会寻找另外一个无线电搜集者
where they also have antennasjust like these, and tell them,
也就是这个，仔细看
"Look. Look at that part of the sky,over this range of radio frequencies,
看那边的天空在这一波形范围内
"this part of the dial, and see ifyou find anything."
你会有所发现的
And if it were confirmed by two,or maybe three observatories,
加果有两个，或者三个以上人发现同一现象
I think at that point you couldsafely go and have your press conference.
我想，你就可以发布消息发现外星人了
我们不是孤单的
But, what if our first contact withET isn't through radio signals?
我们第一次用什么和外星人联♥系♥呢
通过无线电波
What if ET arrives in a formwe don't recognize?
加果外星人发射的信♥号♥♥我们无法分辫呢
The first alien delegationcould reach Earth
第一个外星人可能利用飞行器到达这里
in the form of machines
so tiny, human beings cannotdetect them with the naked eye.
它们非常的小用人类的肉眼是无法分辫的
Step forward.
宇宙寻找外星人
你说英语？
You speak English!
We speak every language.
我们会说任何语言
自从1950年开始
Since the 1950s at least,
science-fiction films have consistentlydepicted potential alien beings
科幻小说就详细的描绘了外星人的样子
as human-like.
和人类很像
- Homo sapiens?- Sleeps.
他们是什么？奴隶
一种特别的外星人，在近代非常受人们欢迎
One particular alien form has been widelypopularized in recent decades.
uFO现象让人们相信
UFO enthusiasts believethe US military
recovered bodies from crashedalien spacecrafts in the 1950s.
1950年代，美国♥军♥方在坠毁的飞碟中发现尸体
这些外星人形貌，独特，怪异的
These alleged extraterrestrials areessentially frail miniature humans
而且是以人类为原型的
with oversized heads.
外星人头部很大
Little grey guys, usually have big eyes.They don't smile a lot...
这些家伙根本不会微笑
But they're always sort of soft,squishy organic things,
但是，这些都是生物西斯?斯托克外星研究所
maybe they don't have DNA,but they're biology. They're alive.
或许他们不需要DN八但是它们是生物
他们是活物
It's an easy anatomical form for humanbeings to comprehend and accept.
这样的形貌很容易被人类了解
Is that what ET would really be like?Maybe, I mean, it's a good guess.
外星人真的会这样吗？或许是
这是我们的形象猜测
That's what we're like.
But on the other hand, I think within 100years we may invent thinking machines.
在另一方面，一百年后我们会发明时光机器
And if we can do that,if we ever do that,
加果我们能做到的话
maybe the aliens might havedone that a long time ago.
或许外星人很久之前已经做好了
Keep in mind that the Universeis a lot older than the Earth is so,
要记住一点宇宙比地球的历史要长
they've had plenty of time.
所以，它们有足够的时间
Hello Kismet?
你好，先生能和我说话吗？
You wanna talk to me?
While the notion of thinking machinesmight sound far-fetched,
这是思考机器
或许听起来非常荒诞
some futurists believe such machinesare just around the corner.
有些人相信这样的机器是存在的
We're shrinking the size of transistorson an integrated circuit
我们很可能会造出这样的传送机
so every two years we can puttwice as many on a chip
可能经过几年，会很流行
and they run faster 'causethey're smaller.
它们很快，因为体积很小瑞?克兹威尔作家“奇妙在身边”
And this has been true now for decades.
这已经传诵了几个世纪
I can carry in my pocket today a computerthat's thousands of times more powerful
比我们的电脑强了几千倍
than the computer that all of usthousands of students and professors
我们的电脑被数千学生分享
shared when I came to MITin the 1960s.
那时候还是1960年
Ray Kurzweil is convinced thatthe power and speed of computers
人们逐渐相信一个高速发展的电脑
will shortly surpass thatof the human brain.
将最终超过人脑
If you take the most conservativeestimate of the amount of computation
我们按照需要的要求
required to simulate theentire human brain,
虚拟了整个大脑组织
which is 10 at the 16thcalculations per second,
每秒钟可以达到数千亿次
there other estimatesthat are lower than that,
take the most conservativelyhigh estimate,
这是高速运转的大脑
we'll have that for 1,000 dollarsby 2020.
2020年的时候只需要1000美金就可以买♥♥到
到2030年，只要1美金
We'll have it for $1 by 2030.
We'll have that in a supercomputeractually within a few years.
几年后，我们将拥有超强电脑
Kurzweil predicts thatin the near future
博士预言，在不久的将来
tiny supercomputers will beintegrated into the human body
微小的生物芯片
将移植到人类身体中可以被应用到各领域
to bolster some of its weaknesses.
We've already started.
There's people walking aroundthat have computers in their brains
that replaced a portion of their brain,like Parkinsons patients,
考到思解来了脑经大已要们需我类人
and already these devicescan download new software,
我们将芯片移植到大脑里
so you can download new softwareto the computer in your brain
已经有这样的仪器可以下载各种软件
from outside the patient.This is today.
可以将软件安装到大脑里
It doesn't stop there.
并没有停留于此
As technology marches forward,
科学技术不断向前发展
microscopic computer-drivenmachines called nanobots,
人们发明了电脑机器人
will be capable of performing a widevariety of maintenance tasks
它可以进入人体执行各种维修任务
within the human body.
We are soon be able to sendthese devices through the blood stream,
将这些装置送入血液
and we'll have billions of thesebloodcell-sized computers
我们可以通过电脑来操作
and little robots inside our bloodstream.They'll keep us healthy,
电脑机器人可以维护人类健康
and they'll be interactingwith the biological neurones.
它们会解决生物机体上的疾病
So by 2030, the common man and woman
我们得到20 , 30个评语
有人赞成生物电脑，有人不赞成
will be part biologicaland part non-biological.
But perhaps Kurzweil'smost radical prediction
或许这是一个明智的预言
is that computers will ultimatelyallow human beings
电脑允许人类将生物程序移植到电脑上
to transcend their biology,
shed their bodies altogether.
将整个身体特征融于一身
Computers will scan the neurologicalfunctions of a person's brain
电脑会完全模拟人类的大脑
and upload the individual's knowledge,experience and personality
上传人类的经验和个性
to a storage device.
并且下载到存储装置中
You'd have to, in real time,go inside my brain,
可以随时进入大脑进行维修
probably with nanobots, bloodcell-sized scanners inside the blood stream,
可能派遣一个微型仪器进入血液中
and send billions of theminto my brain,
发送数百万个进入到大脑里
through the capillaries, and they wouldscan all the different neurones
对每一个神经进行检测
and gather every detail about me,all the neurotransmitters,
可以将我的所有信．息发送出来
气流压力，血压等等一切细节
and ion concentrations, andinter-neuronal connections,
every detail that makes me, me.
我的全部特征
And I think that would befeasible, that'll take longer,
我想，这需要耗费长时间
maybe that's 40 yearsfrom now, or more,
或许从现在开始要40年