宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E09

Part 3 April 22, 2021, 8:12 p.m.

可没有象城市的高速公路。
All the stars of our galaxy they orbit around the center.
我们星系中所有的星都围绕着中心旋转。
We are to about 30 thousands years light of the center
我们距离中心大约三万光年
and we took about 250 million years
我们要用2.5亿年
in completing one orbit by the galaxy.
才能完成这漫长的一圈。
The stars are all in his orbits around the galaxy
群星都在自己的轨道上绕着星系转，
so, what causes those beautiful ones arms in spirals that we see?
那么我们看到的螺旋是如何形成的呢？
They are a species of densidad wave
看，这儿有一种密度波，
an area where the stars and galaxy is only a little denser
在星系的这个区域，星的密度大，
more grouped than in the rest of the galaxy.
比星系其他地方的星的数目多。
Different stars move towards the densidad waves, and others go away.
有的星进入密度波，有的星离开密度波，
But the densidad wave remains there and that is the arm in spiral.
但密度波还在那儿，就是旋转臂。
Similar as they begin cloggings of traffic in the freeway.
就象高速公路上堵车一样，
Something happens that it causes that a star lowers its speed
当不知什么原因一个星慢下来的时候，
some gravitational interaction
由于万有引力相互作用
and the other stars go slower by the happened thing.
其它的星群也要慢下来。
And we have a clogging of traffic.
就这么着突然,你遇上堵车了。
So, the galaxies they form of natural form
所以,星系的自然形态
of these dense waves of spiral form.
就是那些螺旋的密度波。
250万光年之外，
To two million and average of years distance light
a threatening counterpart of ours galaxy is quiet and revolotea
我们的对手在那里
sending a glance cautious towards the Milky Way.
密切注意着银河系。
She is the companion of dance of our galaxy
那是我们星系的舞伴，
our greater neighbor and our greater Nemesis.
最大的邻居，最大的冤家。
They call M31, and is better well-known like the galaxy of Andr髆eda.
它是M31, 也叫仙女座星系。
Andr髆eda has the same almost size that our Milky Way
仙女座星系和我们的银河系大小相仿，
it has a cross-sectional length of about 100 thousand years light.
方圆十万光年，
It is a galaxy in the form of spiral
是螺旋星系，
and it has a formation today of stars less active
可能正在形成的活跃恒星
that the one of our Milky Way, but on the other hand he is very similar.
比银河系少点儿，其它非常相似。
Andr髆eda probably is also product of several small galaxies
仙女座可能也是由数个
that they were united or that they interacted during the time.
小星系合并或交互形成。
Perhaps one of those galaxies was person in charge
其中一个星系
of the double nucleus of Andr髆eda.
带给仙女座两个核心，
Two enormous star groups that they are in its center.
在它的中心可看到两大星团。
In the Earth, we have observed during centuries
在地球上，我们注视
to our neighbor of trillions of years of age.
我们的繁星众多的邻居数个世纪了。
10世纪的波斯文记载着
Persian texts of century X, they mention
to a small cloud in skies
天空中小小的星云，
but at that time
只是当时，
there was no form to know that Andr髆eda it was a totally separated galaxy
无法知道仙女座是完全独♥立♥的星系，
to 2.5 million years distance light.
有250万光年之遥。
That causes that it is the most distant object of the Universe
这是宇宙中最遥远的天体，
that it is possible to be seen at first.
可直接被肉眼观测到。
Although perhaps the Milky Way it can absorb
尽管银河系有能力吸收
the impact of a dwarfed galaxy
大犬座矮星系的碰撞。
the shock with the galaxy of Andr髆eda is not only inevitable
可和仙女座星系的碰撞不仅不可避免，
but it will change for always the local landscape of the galaxy.
还要给我们的星系造成永久的变迁。
The gravity, the power more prol韋ico of the Universe
引力，宇宙中最常用的能量，
it is the force that is doing that Andr髆eda and
这个吸引力使仙女座和
the Milky Way approaches more and more and more.
银河系慢慢接近。
And someday, in the future distant
会有一天，在远远的未来，
these two titanes in form of spiral they will hit.
这两个螺旋巨头会碰撞。
If they watch the Milky Way and the galaxy of Andr髆eda
你要是观察银河系和仙女座星系
the greatest galaxy and nearer
离我们最近的大星系的话，
they will notice that they come near the one to the other to an amazing rate
就会发现，它们以惊人的速度在接近中，
to hundreds of Kilometers per second.
每秒有数百公里。
They are very separated now, but in next thousands of million years
现在它们离的挺远，几亿年后的一天，
they will be very together.
它们将会相互攻击对方。
And there will be an imminent collision.
在某种意义上说,碰撞,即将发生。
Perhaps there is no shock physicist enters stars.
可能恒星不会物理地碰撞，
There is too much space between stars
恒星之间空间很大。
But when Andr髆eda hits with us
但仙女座和我们的碰撞，
there will be a great impact on the Milky Way.
会对银河系造成巨大的影响。
Some things will be sent to the black hole in means
会有东西被吸入中心的黑洞里，
some stars will be torn and sent to the space.
也会有恒星被抛入太空。
So he will be dramatic, the sky nocturne will change totally.
整个夜空会发生戏剧性的变化。
The constant movement of distant galaxies
其它星系的运动情况
and the time marks involved in the process
和时间框架的参与，
perhaps they are difficult to include/understand.
可能很难进行比较。
Andr髆eda is enough near the Milky Way
仙女座离银河系足够近，
like so that its attraction gravitational
它们之间的引力
it approaches them plus the one the other.
拉近了之间的距离。
But as far as the rest, almost all the distant galaxies that we see
另一方面，我们看到的几乎所有的星系
they are moving away of us.
都在离我们远去。
Reason why we know of a pump that explodes
以常识来看，象炸♥弹♥爆♥炸♥
we see that when activating everything moves away of its center.
所有的东西都从中心炸走，
But, there is an empty center in our Universe?
但是，在我们宇宙有这样的空旷的中心吗？
We are in a capsule of galaxies moving away to us
我们在星系的外壳上远离
of the site of where one took place the original explosion?
发生原始爆♥炸♥的地方吗？
No. And that is the amazing thing.
不，真的太奇怪了。
In our Universe the own one space is expanding.
我们的宇宙中空间自己在膨胀，
All small piece of space.
每一小片空间都是。
The space of here between my hands it makes pressure to expand.
我手之间的空间都有膨胀的压力。
It was this detected expansion by astronomer Edwin Hubble
最早观测到膨胀的是天文学家哈勃，
in 1949, the one that established the bases of great part of modern astronomy.
由此为基础建立了现代天文学。
So the Universe it expands with time
所以说宇宙随着时间而膨胀
and the own space it is expanding now.
空间自己也在膨胀。
We take an example one-dimensional of a Universe.
我们举一个一唯的例子说明宇宙。
Here there is a Universe hypothetical, formed by these
这是个假想的宇宙，
balls of ping pong, that they are the galaxies
我用在皮管上的乒乓球代表星系，
in this rubber tube. I can expand the hose
我能将皮管拉开，
and all the galaxies they will move away one of the other.
所有的星系都相互远离。
They see this? And in fact, if we centered our attention in this of here
看到了吗？实际上，如果我们说这儿这个
those that are more far from that
离的远的那个远离的
they move more express than located nearer her.
要比离的近的这个快一点儿。
Because there is more space, there is more pipe
因为这个和那个远的与
between this of here and most distant
这个和那个近的比
that it enters these and nearest.
空间大，皮管的距离远。
So in a certain sense this it is a good model
某种意义上讲，这是个很好的模型
of the observation of Hubble
来说明哈勃的观测结果：
of which at a certain time the most distant galaxies
在指定的时间内，远的星系
they move more express that the near galaxies.
比近的星系移♥动♥的要快。
They notice that there is no galaxy that can
还要注意，没有那个星系
to say that it is the center unique of the Universe
可以说它就是宇宙的中心。
It is certain
当然啦！
that from the point of view of this all the others are moving away.
对于这个来说所有其他的都远离了。
But if I were placed in this of here
假如你要在这个，
it would say that all the other galaxies also they are moving away of that.
也可以说所有其他的星系都远离了。
So without mattering in what galaxy you are
不管你在哪个星系，
we will see the others moving away of you.
都会看到其它星系在离开。
This is what happens in a Universe that one expands in uniform form.
这就是所谓宇宙的均匀膨胀。
No galaxy can say that it is the unique center of the Universe.
没有特殊的星系可以成为宇宙的中心。
About past times one thought that the Earth was the center of everything
在早期，人们认为地球是一切的中心。
the center of the Universe and that the planets and the sun
地球是宇宙的中心，行星和太阳
they orbited around the Earth
都围绕着地球。
and that the stars did on a daily basis a trip around the Earth.
群星每天都环绕着地球。
Soon we discovered that ours Sun was one of many stars
接着我们发现太阳是许多恒星中的一员，
and that traveled by the Universe
据我们所知，
we knew as it then.
我们的太阳在宇宙中巡航。
But the discovery of Hubble
但哈勃的发现
not only it said that ours to us planet was one of so many
告诉我们，不只我们的行星是众多行星中的一员，
and that our sun was one of many stars
我们的恒星，太阳，是众多恒星中的一员，
and that our galaxy was one of so many galaxies
而且我们的星系，和行星、太阳一样，
like many others.
也是众多星系中的一员。
The change in the vision on the world and on our place in the Universe
我们的世界观和在宇宙的位置变了，
it made think that ours us galaxy is an ordinary galaxy.
我们的星系不过是普通的一个星系。
Then that there is in ours galactic neighbourhood?
让我们看看谁是我们的星系邻居？
They know the local group of galaxies.
认识一下我们的紧邻。
A group with a number each greater time of members.
一群还在增加的成员。
Our local group of galaxies it is a small group