宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E04

Part 3 April 22, 2021, 8:11 p.m.

These storms move relentlessly within Jupiter's other distinct feature,
这些风暴在木星上无情地移♥动♥,
streams of fierce jets that continually circle the planet.
凶猛的气流围绕木星不断流动.
Scientists are only beginning to understand
科学家还只是开始了解
what they are and where they come from.
风暴是什么和从哪里来.
There is a massive eastward flow of material
这有朝东的流动的物质,
and that means...
意味着...
the material's flowing more than one and a half football fields per second.
物质以每秒一个半足球场的速度流动.
That's really moving, you don't want to be in that.
那真的是在流动,你不会想呆在那的.
29 other belts and zones of varying width extend outwards from there.
改变着宽度方向的29地带和其它地区从那往外扩展.
They are what give Jupiter its characteristic appearance.
给了木星特有的面貌.
They move in alternating directions, some eastward, some westward.
它们交叉移♥动♥,有时向东,有时向西.
They're much smaller scale the high latitude jets than the equatorial one,
高纬度的要比近赤道的规模要小得多,
as far as in comparison to Earth these are massive,
对照一下地球上的距离,
super-fast high-speed winds and yet they're just going back and forth.
超高速,高速的风刚好反过来.
The planet's rotation rate has something to do with it.
这和行星自转的速度有关.
Jupiter generates a lot of energy because it really moves.
木星产生大量的能量是因为它确实的运转.
So the very nature of the spinning causes
所以非常自然的旋转使得
Jupiter to not just have one jet stream but many jet streams
木星不仅仅产生一个风暴,还会产生更多的风暴,
going in opposite directions along the planet.
围绕着行星的相对应的方向.
And so you can see these zones, so what you have
所以你会看到这些地方,所以
is an exaggerated version of Earth's basic weather pattern.
会有地球基本气象模式的夸张写照.
The spectacular swirls are created in surface clouds where the zones meet.
表面云产生壮观的气旋会分区碰头.
It's believed that the energy ultimately powering this belt phenomenon
这被认为是能量最后带动这一带
comes from intense heat deep within.
剧烈的热从深处出来的现象.
It's not unlike something we see every day.
不同于我们每天所看到的现象.
Buy a boiler pot of water on a stove, it'll start bubbling
买♥♥一个水壶装上水放在炉子上,
and bubbles come out from the bottom and try to get out trying to
它会开始从壶底往上冒泡,努力挣脱,
circulate that water that currents around, so...
里面的水流不断循环,所以...
same thing inside Jupiter, we have gases and liquids down there
同样的事情也发生在木星内,气体和液体
that are trying to get the heat out.
下降下去,热释放出来.
There are basic questions, basic pieces of physics to go after
有个基本问题,基本的物理原理去
to explain the massive jets.
解释大规模的气流.
Shouldn't we be able to explain that?
我们能够解释这个问题?
Earth has just one primary jet stream, it moves eastward,
地球就有一个主要的气流往东移♥动♥,
and another major flow that blows westward, the trade winds.
而另外一个主要的气流往西移♥动♥,所谓的信风.
Triple that power and you've got the jet streams of Jupiter.
木星上的气流的能量是地球的叁倍.
Totally different from Earth. And yet...
一切都不同于地球.而且...
I should be careful, not totally different from Earth, just Earth on steroids.
我要说清楚,并不是与地球完全不一样,只是地球有点超常.
And you ask yourself, wow!
你问你自己,哇!
If I understood what's going on on Jupiter,
如果你不了解木星上在发生什么,
Earth would be just a piece of cake.
地球就会是个样板.
Jupiter's mysteries aren't limited to the planet itself.
木星的奥秘并不局限于它本身.
Some of its most intriguing elements are circling around it.
它最迷人的东西围绕着它运行.
Jupiter's got several dozen moons that are big enough to be seen
木星有几十个卫星,大的可以看到,
and has probably got a lot more that are too small to be seen with current technology
大概还有许许多多太小了,现代技术还无法看到,
and no doubt in coming years more will be discovered.
毫无疑问,将来会发现它们.
Some of the moons almost have the size of some planets.
一些卫星几乎有着行星般的大小.
So really Jupiter has its own little solar system.
所以木星真的有着自己的太阳系.
Thanks to its incredible gravitational pull,
多谢它那难以置信的引力,
it sucked in asteroids along with other space debris.
把小行星连同其它太空碎片拉住.
For the most part there is order.
其中大部分是有序的.
But there are some erratic moons in orbit around Jupiter.
然而有一些轨道飘忽不定的卫星.
It's managed chaos.
它得对付混乱.
Can you imagine a bunch of runners
你能想象出一连串奔跑者
in the track, in their lanes, each runner stays and they won't collide.
沿着跑道,各自停下而不相撞.
It's kind of a celestial mechanics.
这是一种天上的技巧.
Each moon holds its own fascination.
每个卫星把握这自己的魔力.
Four of Jupiter's prominent moons were discovered by Galileo.
四个突出的木星卫星是伽利略发现的.
He first observed that they revolved around the planet.
他首次看到它们围绕着木星运转.
They are named for Jupiter, the god's lovers.
它们根据木星都被以上帝的情人来命名.
The first major moon you come into is Io,
你第一个来到的主要的卫星是爱莪(木卫一),
which is this very active place. There are lots of volcanoes.
是个非常活跃的地方.有着大量的火山.
It's almost all the time going off.
几乎随时都在喷发.
Shooting out magma 200 miles into space,
喷出200英里的岩浆进入太空,
Io is a wonder pop-mark with over a hundred volcanoes,
木卫一100多座火山是个奇迹,
some the size of California which seem to turn themselves on and off.
一些加利福尼亚大小的火山似乎时开时关.
Ganymede is the largest moon in our solar system.
伽尼墨德(木卫叁)是太阳系里最大的卫星.
Five times the size of Earth's Moon. Callisto is the most heavily cratered.
有地球的月亮五倍这么大.卡莉斯托(木卫四)有着最沉重的撞击.
It has clearly taken a beating in its lifetime.
在它的生命周期里,明显地遭受了打击.
Then there is Europa, the ice queen to Jupiter's king.
接着是欧罗巴(木卫二),木星国王的冰王后.
No one knows its make-up for sure.
没人确切地了解其构造.
It looks like a cracked egg.
它看上去象个破碎的鸡蛋.
It really looks like the whole thing had looped
它真的好象上面整个环绕着水,
water on it sometime it froze and it cracked.
有时结冰,有时破裂.
And we believe that these patterns are due to tidal forces that crack it.
我们认为那种现象是潮汐的力量在破碎.
As alien as Europa seems it is smooth and glassy in some spots, hilly in others.
木卫二与众不同的是似乎一些地方是平滑的,其它地方是丘陵.
In fact it is remarkably similar to one of Earth's frozen wonderlands.
事实上它与地球上的一个冰冻世界相似.
There is a lake in Antarctica called lake Vostok that scientists think is
南极有个湖叫做东方号♥(vostok),
an analogy to what we see on Europa.
科学家认为与木卫二看到的相似.
Antarctica has a huge thick ice crust and underneath there is this liquid lake.
南极有着厚重的冰盖,下面是液态的湖.
And we think this may be very similar to the water ice underneath the surface
我们认为与木卫二上看到的可能非常相似,
that we see on Europa.
冰盖下有水.
If you go down through the crust you got to the ice and then if you get
如果你到外壳下面,可能得到冰,甚至水.
liquid water. And we are very convinced that there's liquid water down there.
我们非常相信下面会有液态水.
It's the only place that we know, beside the Earth
它是我们已知的地球以外存在水
which has liquid water and large bodies that have been there, we believe
和大量水的附着体的唯一的地方,
for more than a million or two million years.
我们认为已经存在了一百万或两百万年了.
And where there's water, could there be life?
那,有水的地方会有生命吗?
Jupiter's moon Europa is bursting with secrets.
木星的卫星木卫二充满了秘密.
It may even have warm thermal vents deep below its frozen crust.
甚至可能在其冰壳的下面深处隐藏着温暖的热喷口.
In fact there's an immense ocean that's bigger than the Pacific Ocean
事实上,那有个比太平洋更大的广阔的海洋,
worth half liquid water down there.
有一半的水在那里.
That is sitting there for things to happen to.
那里孕育着情况的发生.
The presence of water means one thing.
水的存在意味着一件事.
We may not be alone.
我们可能并不孤独.
I wanna go ice-fishing on Europa.
我想去木卫二冰下钓鱼.
Cut a hole, put a submersible, look around, see if anything...
打个洞,潜到水里,瞧瞧四周,有没有东西...
anything swims up to the camera and licks the camera.
有什么游到照相机前,轻轻拍打相机.
That's what I wanna do.
这是我想做的.
One scientist is planning just such a fishing trip.
一位科学家就在做这样的垂钓旅行计划.
At this outdoor lab, near Austin, Texas, hopes are hanging on a little robot.
在这个得克萨斯州奥斯汀附近的室外实验室里,希望系于一个小机器人身上.
This is designed for exploration
它被设计用于未知的地方探险,
in unknown territory, completely unknown territory,
完全未知的地方,
and search for biological live.
搜索生命.
It's a DEep Phreatic THermal eXplorer, or "DepthX" for short.
它是深潜水热探险者,简称"DepthX".
Its proving ground right now is a local quarry.
它现在所处的场所是当地的一个采石场.
And there are big plans for its future.
对它的将来有个很大的计划.
If everything went according the plan we would launch around 2017.
如果一切按照计划执行,我们将在2017年进行发射.
It would be at Europa by 2018...
将会在2018年抵达木卫二...
and by 2019 for certain we'll know whether there's life off Earth.
在2019年的某个时候,我们将会知道地球外是否存在生命.
That's the game.
这是个赌博.
DepthX is the brainchild of engineer Bill Stone.
深潜水热探险者是工程师Bill Stone的创作.
He and a team of scientists have staked their reputations on it.
他和一组科学家已经将他们的声誉和它绑在了一起.
They spent 6 years developing the concept and building the prototype.
他们化了6年时间来做研发和建立模型.
It's part of an ambitious project that would see it carried into space,
是雄心勃勃计划的一部分,将看着它被带进太空,
sent through 6 miles of ice and into Europa's ocean.
通过6英里的冰进到木卫二的海洋里.
To divide it down into all the various vehicle, you have a
它被分离下降成为不一样的航♥天♥器,
a parent vehicle which takes you to orbit around the moon Europa.
母船在绕木卫二的轨道上运行.
There would be a lander...
可能有个登陆车...
that would land on the ice,
会登陆在冰上的陆地上,
then there's a second stage of the lander which melts its way
接着登陆车进入第二阶段,
from 3 to 5 kilometers of ice cap and then at that point you kick out the 3rd stage.
融化3到5公里厚的冰盖,此时,进入第叁阶段.
We need a fast moving device, that would be sort of torpedo-shaped,
我们需要一个快速移♥动♥的装置,就象鱼雷一样,
most likely nuclear propelled.
很有可能是核动力的.
And that would drive for thousands of kilometers around
它将围绕木卫二中♥央♥海洋行进几千公里.
the central ocean of Europa.
Is that really feasible? NASA thinks so.
这真的可行吗?美国航♥天♥局认为可行.
The space agency is onboard with the money and its blessing,
这个航♥天♥器装载着金钱和祝福,
an investment in the search for life.
一项搜索生命的投资.
If life exists on Jupiter's moon Europa, could it walk, talk or fly?
如果生命存在于木星的卫星木卫二上,那么它们会走路,说话或飞翔吗?
It would be little viruses or no, maybe a best bacteria?