宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E14

Part 6 April 22, 2021, 8:14 p.m.

是宇宙不是膨胀的就是收缩的。
But to remain static and eternal it was not a valid solution.
宇宙是永恒的是无法解释的，
And that was a great problem.
这可是个问题。
A problem, because if you introduce mass in the static universe of Einstein
问题是，当引入相对论到静态宇宙时，
all that mass is going to be attracted by means of the gravity.
所有的质量会被引力吸引在一起。
What was what prevented that this happened?
是什么避免了它的发生？
When you place matter in a universe ball, the matter is attracted
当有物体在象布一样的宇宙时，我们知道物体相互吸引，
and the result is unstable.
这事儿可不稳定。
In order to avoid that the gravity colapsara the universe
为了不使引力毁了宇宙，
Einstein postulated a force that it equaled to the gravity and one was against to him.
爱因斯坦假想有个力与引力大小相当，方向相反。
This constant force resisted perfectly the gravity
它刚好抵消了引力，
and it secured a static universe.
维持了静态的宇宙观。
Einstein looked for this cosmological constant
爱因斯坦在寻找这个宇宙长量，
convinced that it was it hides in its equations
相信就藏在他的等式中，
but it was mistaken.
但他错了。
If it had had the anger of his convictions, perhaps, would have
爱因斯坦对他的信念不满意，
recognized that the static universe in that it believed existed
他相信的静态宇宙和
he was not compatible with the theory that would formulate.
他的相对论不兼容。
In fact, relativity aimed at idea that the universe was not static.
实际上，相对论指出宇宙不是静态的，
But one was expanding.
是膨胀的。
They feel friendly! And they enjoy magical projector of space-time.
坐下，请欣赏神奇的空间时间项目。
They watch the tetradimensional universe
看看四维的宇宙
to move in the time and the space!
在空间时间里的运动。
Einstein quizo not to make that prediction of which its own theory would shock.
爱因斯坦不愿他的理论被嘲笑。
I suppose that this it was a little while in the race of Einstein in which his
我想这次他可是搞砸了。
it left it to value and it did not do dangerous prediction
他没能解决，两个方向的人
that in fact it had opposite his.
都在盯这他。
The theory of Einstein inevitably it takes to the idea of
爱因斯坦的理论不可避免地
a little while of creation.
指向宇宙的起始时刻。
Now they are prepared for the part that Einstein could not observe!
做个深呼吸，看看爱因斯坦没看过的！
All back down while we rolled projector backwards.
大家别挤，我们倒一下。
In spite of which Einstein would believe
象是为难爱因斯坦的信仰，
its theory aimed at dynamic universe that once
他的理论指出的动态的宇宙，
he was much more small.
这次小多了。
The Universe was reduced to size of an atom.
宇宙缩小到原子的大小。
Einstein could not give the jump, but they would do it to others.
爱因斯坦无法接受，但别人可以。
A dynamic universe and in expansion it fitted perfectly
动态的，膨胀的宇宙很好地
in a called theory 揃ig Bang?
被大爆♥炸♥理论所解释。
In the dawn of century XX
进入20世纪，
Albert Einstein could have to us taken inadvertently
爱因斯坦不经意地
to consider the possibility scientist of which
使我们讨论
our universe had begun.
宇宙起始的科学可能性。
But the idea of a beginning for everything
但宇宙的起源
it has serious religious resonances.
有很强的宗教反响。
A culture will ask a itself 揻rom where we come?
文化将反思：我从哪儿来？
It is a question very important for the humans.
这是人类的重要问题。
Because if we do not know from where we came, we do not know who we are.
因为不知来源，就不知责任。
By thousands of years the origin of our world
数千年来，世界的起源
it was subject for the students of the religion, not them scientists.
是宗教学者的事，不是科学家的。
One exists differentiates between science and religion.
科学与宗教是不同的，
Both observe the world of different ways and consider questions.
有不同的质疑，不同的观点。
Science is asked how the things happen.
科学家关心事物如何发生，过程怎样？
The religion is asked, that I create is deeper:
宗教关心的是不同的有趣的问题。
Why happen the things? Is happening really something?
事物为什么发生？会有什么后果？对世界有什么意义？
The religion and science never they have been included/understood much.
科学和宗教很不一样，
Perhaps only they agree in the fact that both are in the search of the truth.
但都在积极地追求真理。
So it is ironic
讽刺的是
that one of the first defenders of an objective scientific theory
宇宙起源的先驱
for the origin of the Universe it has be a catholic priest.
是普通的天主教牧师。
And that
扭曲得厉害，
its solution based on science would seem so religious.
科学的方案带有宗教色彩。
That the Universe no it had always existed.
宇宙不是总存在的。
But there had been a beginning.
但又得停在起始点。
Lemaitre教父争论说宇宙是形成的。
The father George Lemaitre argued that the Universe had been born.
Lemaitre is one of my ideals.
Lemaitre是我的偶像。
For some years at the end of the years 20 and principles of the 30
在20年代末30年代初，
it was the one who better understood
他精通于
the concept of Universe in expansion
宇宙膨胀概念，
and it presented/displayed many of the ideas that still we are exploring.
介绍了好多探索中的东西。
20年代Lemaitre研究了爱因斯坦的理论，
Lemaitre studied the theories of Einstein during years 20
and it offered a radical idea
形成了激进的思想。
one that even the great one Einstein would reject
其中之一遭到爱因斯坦的反对，
he said that the Universe he was not static
他说，宇宙不是静止的
but in fact it was in expansion.
宇宙是膨胀的。
Lemaitre studied the equations of Einstein without prejudices
Lemaitre不带偏见地研究了爱因斯坦的方程式
and when occurring account that the equations they suggested a Universe in expansion
他发现方程式建议宇宙是膨胀的
and that consequently was smaller in the past
过去宇宙要小点儿。
it decided to take in serious that solution.
他决定认真研究研究。
If the Universe is expanding, Lemaitre reasoned
假如宇宙是膨胀的，Lemaitre想，
then he was smaller yesterday than it is today.
那么昨天就比今天小。
Consequently, at the outset it had to have been unimaginably small.
那么最终就会小到不可想像。
Lemaitre thought that the Universe had begun and so it nicknamed
Lemaitre认为宇宙起始于他称之为
the parent atom.
起始原子的东西。
A hot cosmic egg infinitely dense
一个无限致密的，热的宇宙蛋，
that at some time of the past it had exploded
在过去的什么时间爆♥炸♥了，
putting to the Universe in movement
起始了宇宙的运动，
and taking to the formation of everything what we know.
带来了一切我们所知道的东西。
When it spoke to him to Einstein about this solution
当他和爱因斯坦提到时，
one said that Einstein had said to him:
据报道爱因斯坦说：
揧our mathematical one is correct, but your physics is abominable ".
“数学上是对的，物理上真讨厌”
But this abomination
但就是这个讨厌的东西，
soon it would receive corroboraci髇 obligatory in 1925.
在1925年得到简洁的证实。
In mountains on the Angels, astronomer Edwin Hubble saw something
在洛杉矶旁的山上，天文学家哈勃
in its telescope that destroyed the cosmological constant of Einstein
通过望远镜观测到的现象，摧毁了爱因斯坦的宇宙静态论，
and it altered our image of the Universe.
带给我们新的宇宙观。
1920年我们的宇宙易于理解，
In the decade of the 20 we had this comfortable image of the Universe.
The Universal one was the galaxy of the Milky Way.
宇宙就是银河系。
We saw this enormous milk strip that it crossed the sky nocturne
看看这个跨过夜空的牛奶似的大斜条
call Via Milky, that consisted of near star 100 billions.
叫银河系，有大约1000亿颗星。
That was like 100 thousands million years light.
方圆10万光年。
That was the Universe in years 20, really very comfortable, no?
那就是1920年的宇宙，易于理解。
Hubble observed the Universe more deeply
哈勃把宇宙抽象深化成
than Galileo it could to have imagined
伽利略使用那个时代的
using the telescope more falsified of its time.
望远镜无法想像的宇宙。
It revealed that the Sun was only one stars between million within the Milky Way.
他显示银河系里有数亿个太阳。
But, it was the Milky Way everything what there was?
就只有银河系吗？
And if thus it were, what so great exactly it was?
如果这样，到底有多大？
From the sprouting of the powerful ones telescopes
自从有了望远镜，
the astronomers have been watching the sky
天文学家用来观查，
but they did not have measures of far that was the things
他们无法测量天体有多远，
with the exception of stars nearer.
除了特别近的星体。
Hubble solved that problem creating what a standard candle is called
为解决这个问题哈勃提出了标准烛，
a star of well-known brightness.
一个确定亮度的星体。
And if you know to the brilliant that is, you can measure what so far is
知道它有多亮，就知道它有多远。
because while more tenuous it seems something, more far is.
因为远的东西就暗一些。
It is like a train, in the distance the light is opaque
就象远处的火车的灯要暗些，
and it is become more brilliant a measurement that is approached towards you.
虽着靠近灯越来越亮。
Hubble found one of these stars standard
哈勃找到一标准烛，
in a star spiral called the Nebula of Andr髆eda.
于一个叫仙女星云的螺旋的星系。
People only thought that Andr髆eda it was a star dust spiral
人们看到的仙女星云象是灰尘，
within the Milky Way.
存在于银河系中。
Then Hubble compute the range.
接着哈勃计算了距离，
Account occurred of which the galaxy was to a million years light of distance.
他相信这个星系有一百万光年远。
This it was a little while of 揈ureka! ? it had this revelation.
激动的时刻，他脱颖而出。
Account of which occurred Andr髆eda it was only an insular Universe
他坚信仙女星云是一个宇宙岛，
like the Milky Way.
就象银河系一样。
So, at a moment the Universe
就这一下，宇宙
it happened to be a comfortable galaxy of Milky Way of 100 thousand years light
从原来的10万光年方圆的银河系，
to become this fantastic one universe
变成了惊讶的宇宙，
perhaps of thousands of million of years light
可能有方圆十亿光年，
and this happened, only in one night.