宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E01

Part 1 April 22, 2021, 8:09 p.m.

The sun is the superpower of our solar system,
太阳是我们太阳系的超级大国,
a thermonuclear blast furnace, erupting with massive explosions.
一座高热核反应堆,巨大的爆♥炸♥喷发.
It can be the same amount of mass of mont Everest
它能将相当于珠穆朗玛峰那样的质量
coming out from the Sun and flying out into the space.
从太阳抛出进入太空.
At 93 million miles away it would seem that we are safe from the sun's wrath.
我们安全地在9300万英里外看到太阳的狂怒.
But are we?
然而我们关心的是?
It matters, especially in modern times,
问题是,特别是在当今,
what the sun is doing.
太阳在干什么.
From the center of the sun, as it rotates around,
随着它的旋转,太阳的中心,
as the kill zone.
宛如死亡之区.
With some experts predicting the most violent outbreak of solar activity
一些专家预测了现代太阳活动
in modern history.
最剧烈的爆发.
it抯 never been more important to understand
它比任何时候都来的重要,去了解
the secrets of the sun.
太阳的秘密.
The Universe episode 1x01 - Secrets of The Sun
宇宙EP01-太阳的秘密
Traduzione e Synch: Supersimo, Cochrane, Hipopo, Kickaha, Zio Campori
Revisione: Supersimo
There are bilions of stars in the universe
宇宙中有数十亿颗恒星,
but one alone dominates our cosmic neighborhood:
但只有一颗主宰着我们邻近的宇宙:
the Sun
太阳.
It's an infernal sphere, of mostly hydrogen and helium,
它是一颗地狱般的星球,大部分是氢和氦,
superheated into a plasma, that burns at millions of degrees.
高温成为等离子体,在数百万度下燃烧.
Its surface reages with violent explosions,
其表面猛烈地爆发,
as expelled outstorm of deadly radiation, milions of miles into space.
抛出致命的辐射风暴进入数百万英里的太空.
Our Sun is a type of star, known as a yellow dwarf.
我们的太阳是称做黄矮星一类的恒星.
Yellow because of the color of its surface.
黄是因为其表面的颜色.
And dwarf because it's small for a star.
而矮是因为它是一颗小恒星.
But small it's relative.
但小是相对的.
Within its boundaries, you can fit one milion earths.
在它的边界范围内,可以放进一百万个地球.
In our solar system, there's simply no bigger star than the Sun.
在我们的太阳系,简直没有比太阳更大的星体了.
At a milion miles across, it's a massive celestial blockbuster.
在数百万英里范围内,它是巨大的天体炸♥弹♥.
The Sun is really pretty huge.
太阳实在是相当巨大.
It dominates our solar system.
它支配着我们的太阳系.
Not only is the bigger star of the Solar system,
不仅是太阳系里最大的星体,
it's the only star of the solar system.
而且是太阳系里唯一的恒星.
It's sorrounded by a bunch a smaller stuff,
它的四周围绕着较小的物体,
that we called planets, comets and moons.
我们称之为行星,慧星和卫星.
But the Sun is our star.
然而太阳是我们的恒星.
Our star is an enormous source of heat and energy.
我们的恒星是热和能源巨大的来源.
It has a surface temperature of 10.000?Farenheit.
有1♥0♥0♥0♥0♥华氏度(约5560摄氏度)的表面温度.
An generates 380 billion billion megawatts of power.
产生3.8兆兆兆瓦特的能源.
This dwarfs anything on a human scale.
人类在此显得微不足道.
Hoover Dam in Nevada only generates 280 megawatts.
内华达州的胡佛水坝仅发电280兆瓦特.
In one second the sun churns out more energy
太阳一秒钟制♥造♥的能源
than has been used in all of human civilization.
比所有人类文明社会用过的能源还要多.
All that power in the blink of an eye.
所有的能量在眨眼之间.
Incredibly, it's been burning this way for billions of years.
无法相信的是,太阳已经以这种方式燃烧了数十亿年.
Early astronomers didn't quite understand how
早期的科学家没有搞明白
the Sun could generate so much energy for that long period of time.
太阳为什么能够在这么长的时期内产生如此多的能量.
Though the first mystery was really how the sun generate this energy.
真正的第一个谜是太阳怎样产生能量的.
In the early nineteenth century,
在19世纪早期,
scientists assumed that the Sun work just like any fire on Earth,
科学家假设太阳就象地球上的火,
that there was a source of fuel, perhaps coal, that was slowly burning away.
来自象煤这样的燃料,慢慢地燃烧.
But that was a serious problem with this theory:
然而这个理论的一个严重的问题:
I've got a fire in front of me here,
我的面前有一堆火,
if I wanna as keep burning, I had to keep adding woods to it.
如果我想维持燃烧,就要不停地给加入木头.
This fire last maybe an hour, must to add some more woods.
这火大概能够维持一个小时,必须加进更多的木头.
Now, if I had a pile of the woods the size of the all Sun,
现在,假如我有象太阳那样大的一堆木头,
and somehow enough oxygen to burn it,
同时某种程度上有足够的氧气来燃烧,
it would only take about 5000 or 6000 years to burn out.
只能维持大约5000到6000年的燃烧.
That's a long time, but it's not long enough to substain life on Earth.
那是一个长的时间,但还不够长得足够支撑地球的生命.
By the early twentieth century,
在20世纪早期,
carbon dating of earth rocks and fossils have proved it,
地球岩石和化石的碳-14年代测定证实,
that the Sun was in existence at a temperature warm enough to substain life
太阳已经以足够维持生命的温度存在了
not for thousand of years, but for 3 billions.
不是几千年,而是30亿年.
If you want to build a fire that would last that long,
如果你想烧一把维持这么长时间的火,
you'd need 72 trillions cords of firewood.
你就需要72兆捆的柴火.
That's 12 thousand cords for each man, woman and child on the planet.
那是地球上每一个男人,女人和孩子各12000捆.
Clearly, there had to be some other process,
显然,必须有其它的一些方式,
unknow on Earth, that would powering the Sun.
是地球上未知的,供应着太阳.
In the 1920's scientists found the answer to the puzzle,
在1929年,科学家找到了谜题的答案,
in a process that would later be harnessed to fuel the hydrogen bomb.
在随后获得氢弹燃料的方法中.
Nuclear fusion.
核聚变.
Fusion occurs when atoms are smashed together in a high rate of speed
聚变发生在原子被高速打碎
and literally fused. To get this to happen,
并逐个聚合.为了让它发生,
conditions have to be just right.
条件都必须恰到好处.
For any interaction that happens there's two proton, each has
为了让两个中子发生相互作用,它们各有
a positive electric charge and so they would repell each other.
一个正电荷因此相互排斥.
So you got to get them close enough together,
所以你得让它们充分靠近,
and to do that, it's got to be hot, which means
要做到这一点,得给加热,那意味着
the part is moving fast, and dense enough that they hit each other
粒子快速移♥动♥,足够密集,它们相互撞击,
and they can get close enough together and actually fused.
相互足够地靠近,实现聚合.
The core of the Sun is the perfect coaler for nuclear fusion.
太阳的核是个核裂变完美的烧煤工.
It's the hottest place in the solar system, as it sweltering 27 milion?F.
它是太阳系中最热的地方,有2700万华氏度(1500万摄氏度).
And it's also incredibly dense.
而且它也非常的密集.
It's so dense, it's ten times the density of lead,
它是如此的密,其密度是铅的10倍,
and you would think that high density should be a solid, but it's not
你会认为那么高的密度会是一个固体,但不是,
because it's so hot that it remains a plasma.
由于是如此的热,它保留着等离子状.
If you heat a gas to high enough temperatures,
如果你把气体加热到足够的高温,
electrons fall off the atoms and float around in the soup.
电子脱离了原子,漂浮在汤里的漂浮物.
And so it has a behavior that's different from what a gas would do,
因此它有着不同于气体的行为,
that we have a different word for it, called plasma.
我们有一个不同的名字来描述,叫做等离子.
To truly understand what goes on in the core of the Sun,
要真正明白太阳核里进行着什么,
you have to find someway to imagine the almost "unimaginable".
你必须以某种方式去想象,简直是"不可思议".
In addition to study the Sun, I also play pool
除了研究太阳以外,我还玩撞球,
and the Sun is a place where there are billion of particles,
太阳是有着无数粒子的地方,
colliding, interacting with each other.
相互冲撞.
And it is really not unlike a cosmic pool table, on an unimaginable scale.
在可想象的范围内,它真的象一个宇宙撞球桌.
It doesn't matter how hard you hit a ball.
不是你不容易打中球的原因.
You would never hit hard enough to actually
实际上你不会打得如此艰苦
fuse that ball together with another ball.
把那个球和另一个球聚合在一起.
But there's so much pressure and such high density in the core of the Sun,
然而在太阳核里有如此高的压力和密度,
that two objects impacting each other, will actually fused.
两个物体相互碰撞将融合在一起.
In the Sun, these objects are hydrogen atoms,
太阳里,这些物体是氢原子,
flowned together by immense pressure, to form helium atoms.
在巨大的压力下,飞撞在一起,形成氦原子.
In this fusion process, the resulting atom is slightly less massive
在这个聚合过程中,原来的原子比产生的原子
than the ones they created it.
质量稍微小一点.
The missing mass is given off as energy.
缺少的质量作为能源释放了.
Each second, inside the Sun, 600 million tons of hydrogen are fused
每一秒钟,太阳内部,有6亿吨♥氢聚合
into 595 million tons of helium.
产生5.95亿吨♥氦.
That five million tons of mass lost in the process is converted into energy
缺失的500万吨♥质量转换成了能量.
equal to one billion one megaton hydrogen bombs.
等于10亿个万吨♥级的氢弹.
That's every second.
那是每一秒.
When you look out into the cosmos
当你注意到宇宙间,
the process that gives you the highest return of energy
获得免费的能源最大的收益的途径
for free, is what goes on in the center of a star like the Sun.
在于象太阳那样的恒星中心进行
So, we now know that the Sun is powered by nuclear fusion.
现在我们知道了太阳是靠核聚变产生能量的.
It's the only fuel we know,
它是我们知道的唯一燃料,
that can substain the burning in the Sun long enough
能够承担太阳燃烧长♥期♥提供能源支撑
to substain life on Earth, billions of years.
地球的生命,数十亿年.
Sunlight:
阳光:
it's so central to life that we don't often give it a second taught.
对生活是如此的重要,我们一秒钟都无法离开它.
But how light gets from there, to here turns out to be an incredible story.
然而光从那里到这里原来是个难以置信的故事.
The energy created in the fusion process is carried out of the core
聚变产生的能量送出太阳的核心
by particles of light and heat called photons.
是靠光和热的粒子,叫做光子.
They are what bring the warming race of the Sun to Earth.
把太阳的温暖带给地球.
To reach our planet, these glowing travelers from our nearest star
为了来到我们地球,这些来自我们最近的恒星的光子
must first take a long whining road to all the layers of the Sun,
必须首先经过太阳各层漫长艰辛的道路,
like Dante's journey to the levels of Hell.
就象但丁到地狱各层去一样.
First, a foton entries the 185.000 miles take radiating zone,
首先,光子进入185000英里长的辐射区,
the region is so densily pathed
区内的道路是如此的崎岖,