宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E04

Part 1 April 22, 2021, 8:11 p.m.

Four hundred million miles from Earth, exists a mini solar system
距离地球4亿英里,存在这一个迷你太阳系,
60多个卫星围绕着一个强大的气态行星旋转.
of over 60 moons rotating around a powerful planet of gas.
Its flowing colors and spots hold strange beauty,
它流动的颜色和斑点保持了奇异的美景,
but contain violent storms and jet streams.
然而也包含了强烈的风暴,喷射气流.
Could this big, bright ball of weather have been the Star of Bethlehem?
这个巨大明亮的大气球会是伯利恒之星吗?
Could one of its moons harbor life beneath its icy crust?
它的其中的一个卫星会有生命生存在冰盖下吗?
We expect that branches of life would exist on Europa,
我们认为生命分枝会存在在木卫二上,
just simply because water is the key feature.
只是因为水是其主要特征.
I wanna go ice-fishing on Europa.
我想去木卫二冰下垂钓.
Cut a hole, put a submersible, look around, see if anything...
打个洞,潜入水中,看看四周,看到如果有什么...
if anything swims up to the camera and licks the camera.
有什么朝照相机游过来,拍打照相机.
That's what I wanna do.
这就是我想做的.
And does our own planet owe its survival to this massive comic magnet?
我们地球要感激这个庞大的滑稽的磁体吗?
Jupiter, the giant planet.
木星,巨人行星.
宇宙 1x04 巨人行星--木星
Jupiter is half a billion miles from the Sun.
木星距离太阳5亿英里.
A giant sphere of intrigue.
一个巨大的结构复杂的星球.
This turning ball of gas may look like an artist's rendering,
这个旋转着的气态星球看上去象一幅艺术家的画作,
but it's the real thing.
然而却是真实的物体.
Jupiter has the most exotic weather patterns we had ever seen in the solar system.
木星具有太阳系里最奇特的气象模式.
Jupiter is 84% hydrogen
木星有84%的氢,
and almost 14% helium,
差不多14%的氦,
the two lightest and most abundant elements in the Universe,
这两个是宇宙里最轻和最多的元素,
rolled into a mammoth mass.
组成它庞大的身躯.
This thing is eleven times the diameter of Earth,
这家伙的直径是地球的11倍,
and you could take a thousand Earths and stuffed them inside Jupiter comfortably.
你可以轻松地将1000个地球塞进木星里.
Jupiter really is the lord of the solar system.
木星真的是太阳系里的霸主.
You know, about 70% of the mass in all the planets is in Jupiter.
知道吗,行星的大约70%左右的物质在木星里.
If you talking about planets, Jupiter is the big boy in the block and
如果你谈论行星,木星是团伙里最大的孩子,
it really does rule the roost.
它真的称雄称霸.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
木星是太阳系里最大的行星.
Visible to the naked eye.
肉眼能明显地看到.
A day is only 9.9 hours long.
木星上一天只有9.9小时长.
And it takes 11.86 years to orbit the Sun.
围绕太阳转一圈需要11.86年.
150磅重的人在木星上会重达350磅.
A 150 pound person would weight 350 pounds on Jupiter.
There are thunder clouds made of ammonia, sulfur and water.
有氨,硫磺和水组成的雷雨云.
Exploring Jupiter would be NASA's most daring mission to date.
探索木星是美国宇航局迄今最大胆的使命.
It's a hostile place, with temperature extremes,
这是一个不友善的地方,温度极端,
from fridging to firing.
从冰箱到火炉.
Its electromagnetic radiation is intense.
它的电磁辐射很强.
It could kill a traveler to the planet in an instant.
会顷刻杀死来访者.
We would need heavy lead protection
我们需要厚重的铅的保护,
and that's very difficult to lift off the ground.
使得在地面上举步艰难.
So we have some difficult engineering challenges
实际上人们到木星去
to actually bring human beings to the planet Jupiter.
在工程上是个艰难的挑战.
A landing on Jupiter is... not going to happen.
在木星登陆是..不会发生的.
Jupiter itself is a very gassy planet.
木星本身是个非常气态的行星.
It's made of gas. So you...
是由气体组成的.所以你...
would not have a solid surface on which to land and walk around.
不会有固体的地表站立和四处走动.
You would just keep descending through the clouds and then be eventually crashed
只会不断下降穿过云层然后最终坠毁,
by the pressure of Jupiter's atmosphere.
靠着木星大气层的压力.
That make a human trip to Jupiter quite a challenge.
那就使得人们到木星旅行具有挑战.
But what if we could go there.
如果我们能去那里.
Andrew Ingersoll博士行星的权威.
Doctor Andrew Ingersoll is an authority on the planet.
He takes us for a ride.
他带我们做一次环游.
You need a special kind of balloon,
你需要一个特别的气球,
because the Jupiter's atmosphere is hydrogen.
因为木星的大气层是氢气.
Hydrogen is the lightest gas.
氢是最轻的气体.
A human balloon would sink.
载人气球会下沉.
So the only thing that'll flow in a cold hydrogen atmosphere
所以唯一的情况是在寒冷的氢大气层里
is hot hydrogen.
用热的氢气漂流.
And so you need a hot-air hydrogen balloon.
因此需要加热气球里的氢气.
For the past ten years, NASA has been developing
在过去的10年里,美国宇航局研发着
ultra-long duration balloons, for robotic exploration.
超长♥期♥限的气球,用于机械人探测.
And as we all know, heating hydrogen is a tricky thing.
正如我们知道的那样,加热氢气是件棘手的事情.
But just how this behemoth was born, is a puzzle.
但究竟这个巨头是如何诞生的,仍然是个谜.
The formation of Jupiter is the greatest mystery associated with the planet.
木星的形成关联着行星最大的谜团.
Some believe Jupiter may have been a failed star.
有人认为木星可能是不合格的恒星.
Like the Sun, it had the right ingredients,
就象太阳一样,有着合适的成分,
hydrogen and helium.
氢和氦.
But not enough mass to create the internal pressure and temperature
但是没有足够的质量形成内部核融化
necessary to have nuclear fusion.
所需要的压力和温度.
So, it became a planet instead.
所以,它变成了行星.
The theory is that there was this cloud in the galaxy
理论上那里有银河系的星云,
that had the same composition of the Sun.
和太阳的成分一样的.
And it collapsed under its own gravity and some stuff
在它自己的引力下塌缩,
was left behind.
有些东西还是留了下来.
And that stuff became the planets.
留下的部分成为了行星.
And the majority of that stuff became Jupiter.
多数变成了木星.
And the rest, of course, went into the Sun.
其余的当然跑进了太阳.
And there were a couple of little tiny leftovers, like Earth.
有几个细小的残留物,就象地球.
Jupiter's spinning gasses attracted light elements,
木星旋转的气体吸引了轻的元素,
and overtime grew bigger and bigger in the process.
在这过程中成长得越来越大.
Almost like an oyster, creating layers around the grain of sand to make a pearl.
几乎就象牡蛎,围绕着沙粒一层一层制♥作♥着珍珠.
What gasses and solids Jupiter didn't ingest,
没有被木星摄取的气体和固体
it sped out into space.
被加速抛入太空.
So Jupiter is like the big brother in the schoolyard,
所以木星就象在校园里的大哥哥,
protecting you from bullies that might wreak havoc on your existence.
保护着你免受威胁你生存的浩劫的欺凌.
I tend to think of it as more of the cosmic Frisbee guy.
我倾向于认为它更象宇宙飞盘家伙.
It's grabbing things out of space
它把物体抛出太空,
and it's also tossing them back out.
也把物体折腾回来.
It ends up keeping those objects from the inner solar system,
它处死来自太阳系内部的物体,
where Earth and Mars and Venus are.
那里有地球,火星和金星.
By cleaning some of the debris up,
通过清理一些碎片,
kicking some of it out, shooting some of it into the Sun,
把一些抛出去,把一些射到太阳里去,
where it would be lost forever,
这样碎片就会永远消失,
Jupiter cleaned out a path that the other planets could
木星清理出一条道路,让其它行星
exist in some sort of peace.
保持一些安静.
So dominant is this Frisbee phenomenon,
飞盘现象的如此优势,
Earth may owe its very existence to Jupiter.
地球可以将生存归功于木星.
It influences the courses of comets and even some meteors and asteroids,
它影响到慧星,甚至一些流星和小行星的路线,
so that over the NEOs the effect of Jupiter is there,
因此通过施加在近地物体上的作用,
helps takes care what comes near the solar system.
帮助照顾太阳系附近的物体.
So really the presence of Jupiter may be one reason why we have life on Earth
这么看来木星的存在真的是地球产生生命的原因之一,
and habitability and be able to have the Earth nice environment
通过打击大量的慧星,使地球成为可居住之地,
instead of getting pummeled by so many comets.
有着美好环境.
There is no greater proof of Jupiter's power play
没有比木星在1994年七月的七天里
than what happened during the seven day period in July of 1994.
爆发的力量更有力的证据了.
A comet called Shoemaker-Levy 9
一颗名叫苏梅克列维9号♥的彗星,
barreled toward Jupiter.
向着木星高速行进.
Once under Jupiter's influence there was no going back.
就在木星的影响下一去不复返.
A missile was on a crash course with a ball of gas.
物体和气体星球发生了碰撞.
Jupiter's gravitational pull was so great
木星的引力是如此的巨大,
that it broke the comet into small pieces
把慧星拉成碎片,
that came in one at a time.
一次一个.
These pieces assaulted the planet at a speed of 37 miles per second.
这些碎片以每秒37英里的速度攻击木星.
When you have a missile going at supersonic speeds
当物体以超音速行进时,
you get a shock.
会感到震动.
You can see sort of clouds of material being jetted up
可以看到物体产生的云从地面上腾起.
from beneath where it landed.
One of the fire balls generated by the collision with Jupiter's atmosphere
一个火球在与木星大气层的碰撞中升起,
flared 1,800 miles in the space.
高达1800英里.
Had Earth been in the projectile sights
至少可以这么说,在地球的范围内,
the effects of such a smash up would have been catastrophic to say the least.
这种打击将是灾难性的.
Similar to the event that wiped out the dinosaurs.
类似的打击已经灭绝了恐龙.
The energies that were released in those fragments hitting
那些碎片打击释放的能量
was larger than anywhere of ten or twenty times
不管怎样要十倍或二十倍于
more powerful than the entire world arsenal of bombs.
全球所有武器的能量总和.
Take Jupiter out of the picture,
把木星拿走,
bring this giant comet into the inner solar system,
把这颗慧星放到太阳系里,
where would it have gone?
它会到哪里去?