宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E14

Part 2 April 22, 2021, 8:14 p.m.

揂nd we know it to this like true, not by invented theories
我们知道这是真的，可不只是理论推导的，
but because they show therefore it all the observations. ?
有所有的观察结果，
We can anticipate abundance of slight elements
我们看到的，
and it agrees and so we see today, in more than 10 significant figures.
和我们预测的相符，
So the idea of Universe expanding
宇宙的基础就是膨胀，
and emerging from a Universe it warms up
到回去，挤压，
and dense until certain point in the past
形成又重又热的宇宙，
it is the idea bases of Big Bang.
大爆♥炸♥就是这个样子。
The theory of Big Bang is not something that one elaborates of a day for the other.
这个理论可不是一天就清楚的，
It has been years.
一年又一年，
Centuries of accumulated wisdom.
集中了数个世纪的智慧。
The humanity has been thinking on this for a long time.
人类经过了长时间的思索。
Even before we occurred it counts, we thought about it.
甚至都没意识我们在思索。
Whenever we raised the view towards stars, we thought about it.
每次看星星时都在想。
How we know what today we know?
这些知识我们怎么得到的呢？
How we have included/understood everything?
我们怎么弄清楚的呢？
That is the difficult part of our history.
这是我们的核心内容，
The history of how ours concept of the Universe evolved.
宇宙观是如何行成的。
揟here are accumulated the discoveries of the members
我们集中了人类
搈ore brilliants of our species
最聪明的发现，不懈地努力，
揳llowing us, in spite of work and the difficulties
慢慢地在知识的
搕o climb slowly up stairs of the knowledge. ?
长梯上攀登。
Perhaps compensating the fact that each of us by himself only
可能我们无能，
he is too idiot in order to solve it everything.
解决不了所有的问题。
Then by where we began?
耶，咱们从哪儿开始？
Nowadays, astronomers and physicists in universities like
现在天文学家和物理学家
the Institute of Technology of Massachussets
麻省理工的，
and the University of Cambridge in England
英国剑桥的，
they debate widely approaches of the theory of Big Bang.
都在讨论大爆♥炸♥。
But the conversation it began long ago.
但讨论早就开始了。
Before nobody had ear to speak about Big Bang.
甚至在没人知道大爆♥炸♥之前。
Before nobody knew what is in fact the sky.
在没人知道什么是天之前。
Long before that science would exist
早在科学存在之前，
or that outside a hypothesis in the mind of somebody
甚至思想成型之前，
the people became questions on our origin.
人们就探寻我们的起源。
When the primitive man it watched towards the sky
古人看着天空，
it saw dominated it by the star king that it provided heat and life.
看着带来温暖和生命的太阳。
At night, it saw the Moon and the stars.
晚上看着月亮，星星。
This one was the Universe, hard, hostile and chaotic.
这就是宇宙，混乱，严厉，折腾人。
With a sun that went to it derives moving by the sky
太阳在天空升起，落下，
while the stations they happened of the heat to the cold.
季节由暖到冷。
The primitive man needed to include its world
古人要了解周围的世界
in order to survive in him.
才能生存下来。
People absolutely did not have no control of the nature.
人们控制不了大自然，
The balance between the hoped thing and unexpected it did that the people
为平衡自然的善，恶
they would turn the nature in deities
人们神话了大自然，
with the purpose of to establish some type of relation with them.
这样人类和大自然就有了关联。
Without aid of telescopes u modern observatories
没有望远镜这样的现代观测设备，
the primitive man it supported in the simple structures
古人依靠简单的建筑，
in order to help a to include skies.
来了解天空。
In places like Stonehenge, in England
英国的巨石阵，
or Chichen Itza', in Mexico
墨西哥的奇琴伊察。
they tried to connect itself with the sky
人们认为可以连接天
the supposed home of the Gods.
这个神仙的地方。
They were simple instruments of observation
这是简易的观测设备
and analysis tools
和分♥析♥工具，
that they helped that the universe dancer would have sense.
用来了解，解释自然。
We are in the Eastern part of Germany like a 100 km to the south of Berlin
我们在德国东部，柏林南部700公里，
in a village, Gosek call.
这个小村叫Gosek。
One of the oldest monuments, dedicated to the sun and stars
一个专为太阳和星星建的建筑，
it was found here.
被在这儿发现。
This it is the solar observatory of Gosek.
这是这儿的太阳观测设施。
It was constructed does 7 thousand years by agriculturists
建于7000年以前，
in order to determine the time of the year.
是早期农民用来测节气的。
Constructed 2000 years before Stonehenge and reconstructed here
比巨石阵早2000年的建筑，重建在这儿，
this it is the calendar more old known in Europe.
是欧洲最早的日历。
During the winter solstices and summer
从冬至到夏至，
the shortest days and more lengths of the year
从最短的到最长的一天，
the sun the al韓ea west with door of the fence.
落日通过门照在不同的地方。
The knowledge of these days
当时的知识，
she helped to that people understood to the sun, otorgador of life.
使人们了解了带来生命的太阳。
The sky nocturne is a clock.
天上是个表，
A gigantic clock that watches to us direct to the face that allowed the ant韌uos
通过这个看着你的表，
to calculate when to plant, when to harvest.
古人算计着何时种，何时收。
In other words, its survival it depended on the understanding
换句话说，对太阳和天空的了解
of the movement of the sun and skies.
决定着生计。
This idea of astronomy predicting the behavior of the natural world
天文学就是基于天体的运动，
based on the movement of skies
预测自然行为的。
it was mixed with the dogma of the astrology
和占星术的教条混在一起的，
the belief that the movement of skies predetermined our destiny
天体的运动被认为可以预测运气。
like that a meteor predicts a military victory
流星预示着军事胜利。
or a new star, the birth of a king.
有个新星，肯定有皇帝出生。
In that time astronomy predicted the movement of stars
当时天文学预测星星的移♥动♥，
and the astrology predicted how the stars influenced in us.
占星术则预测星星对我们的影响。
And it was very difficult in that then to separate a thing of the other.
古人分不清这两者。
If you included/understood the mechanism of the universe you would include/understand how it will be your destiny.
你能看懂天上的表，当然你能掌握自己的命运。
The astrologers divide the universe in regions at the beginning of the century I SAW a.C.
早在公元前6世纪，占星家把天分成几块，
They saw figures in stars
依照星星的形状，
and they named the regions based on those figures.
给出不同的名字。
Aries
白羊座，
Taurus
金牛座，
and G閙inis
还有双子座
among others.
和其他星座。
While the astrologers escudri馻ban sky to guess our destiny
占星家用不同的故事代表不同的命运。
also they observed and they learned how the universe moved.
他们也在观察和了解天体的运动。
Of the superstitious reasons the first steps arose
从迷信到简单的
of the scientific observation.
科学观察。
I see science like
科学就象是旅行，
a trip in which ours species has been by hardly
我们人类
near 2500 years trying to put itself
在2500年前就以最大的可能，
in syntony of the way more deep possible
了解宇宙
with the universe, its laws, its structure, what produces the things
宇宙的定理，结构，事物，
how they evolve and which are forces that govern the changes.
宇宙如何参与，强制和控制变化
But sometimes, the simple observation
有时简单的观察
it can leave conclusions essentially erroneous.
会产生基础性错误。
When beginning to observe the Universe
当你观察宇宙时，
the first idea that we have it is that we are the center of the same
第一观点是我们是地球的中心，
that the Universe turned a ours around.
一切都是围绕着我们旋转。
Stars crossing the sky at night, the sun during the day, because the idea
星星滑过夜空，太阳跨过白天，
it was that the Earth was static and the sky turned around us.
就象是大地是固定的，而天空绕着我们旋转
But that perception is completely erroneous.
这可不对，
The Earth is not immovable, it is not the center don't mention it.
地球不是固定的，也不是什么中心。
All the history of cosmology
宇宙学的历史，
it is the implacable Earth retirement of the center of the scene.
就是地球从中心撤退的步骤。
In spite of that, the search of knowledge continued.
无论如何历史是前进的。
Using the mathematics
光用数学方法，
old the Greeks gave us more detailed information
古希腊人给出了不少
on our celestial neighbors dominant, the Sun and the Moon.
我们邻居太阳和月亮的信息。
2000年之前，他们就知道地球有曲率。
Still then, 2000 years ago, they knew that the Earth was curved.
Observing the shades, they calculated the dimensions of the Earth
看着影子，他们算出了地球的大小，
with a certainty of 10_.
偏差只有10%。
In fact, they compute the range of the Earth to the Moon
他们算出了地球到月亮的距离，
and the distance approximated of the Earth to the Sun
大致估算了地球到太阳的距离。
so in other words, the old ones were not nothing idiot.
就是说，古人一点儿也不差。
Old the Greeks also they recognized 2 types of stars.
古希腊人区分了两类星辰。
The majority was immovable and small and meetings moved.
大部分星个儿小，移♥动♥时一起动。
Some were greater and his vague movement, or thus was seen.
有几个大的，移♥动♥的比较奇怪。
These were the planets
就是行星。
and to predict its movement it made one long goal by centuries.
预测行星的轨迹曾是数个世纪的目标。
Only with the naked eye in order to explore the sky
仅仅用肉眼在天空观察，