宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E12

Part 3 April 22, 2021, 8:13 p.m.

超大质量黑洞诞生于宇宙大爆♥炸♥之后
they were born after the big-bang
产生于宇宙之初
when the Universe was created for the first time.
它们的形成
The main idea is that they could to have formed
就像超大行星瓦解形成的
like stellar black holes
星状黑洞的形成一样
due to the collapse of nucleus of a massive star.
但它们会长大，依靠吸食
But soon they grew, to feed itself
与它们相撞的其他星系的气体
crudely, of the gas
of other galaxies that they collided with them.
科学家们发现
The scientists are shortage that these black holes
这些黑色怪物
在星系的中心施展它们的力量
they have its power in the center of the galaxies.
超大质量黑洞就处于星系的中心
The massive super black holes they are in center of the galaxy
很可能是因为
它们是星系中最庞大的物体
probably because they are the object more massive within the galaxy.
庞大物体都趋于向心靠拢
The massive objects tend to sink towards means
所以你总是发现它们，处于星系的中心
so they will always find them in center of the galaxy.
有很长一段时间, 科学家们不知道
During long time, the scientists no they thought that a black hole
超大质量黑洞存在于我们的星系
super massive it existed
in our neck of Universe, the Milky Way.
银河系
但在1995年
But in 1995, the astrophysics Andrea Ghez
天体物理学家安德里亚.盖兹
开始证明超大质量黑洞的存在
one get ready to try that one exists.
我们用了十年多时间, 完成一个实验
We experiment during the last ones 10 years to make the question of if
去索求这个问题：
我们星系中♥央♥会有超大质量黑洞吗？
there is a massive super black hole in center of our galaxy
我们的试验方法
and the way in which we did this experiment was using
是用我们星系中♥央♥行星的移♥动♥
the movements of stars in center of our galaxy
来测试是否有大量的物质
in order to try if there is a great amount of mass
存在于一个很小的空间
within a very small volume
这就是黑洞存在的证据
and that is the evidence of black hole.
在夏威夷的凯克天文台
In the Keck observatory, Hawaii
配备有全球最大的望远镜之一
that it lodges one of greater telescopes of the world
盖兹开始用
一种先锋科技，叫做“适应性光学仪器”
Ghez began to use a technology optical called innovator 揳daptable?
能聚焦看到很远的物体
that it focuses very distant objects.
这是不用“适应性光学仪器”的结果
So this is what they would see without 揳daptable optics?
如你所见
在这个大正方形里, 什么也没有
this great one squaring where there is nothing.
开启适应性光学仪器
We catch the 揳daptable optics? and they see stars.
你就可以看见星星了
这块区域里的行星
This region provides the keys here for our experiment
是我们实验的关键
我们要看看它们如何运动
letting see the movimento to us of these stars.
盖兹注意到有一大群行星
Ghez realized of which there was a great star group
绕着我们星系中心的不明物体旋转
orbiting around an object hair net in center of the galaxy.
而且它们的移♥动♥速率异常的快
And they were moving to one unusually fast speed.
我们实际上看到的这些行星
We really can see these stars that they are closely together of the center
非常靠近我们星系的中心
我们可以看到它们在中心处绕动
and we can see giving them returned.
这些行星在黑洞周围转动
Orbiting around of a black hole
就像行星绕着太阳转动一样
like the planets they orbit the Sun.
绕行轨道告诉我们
黑洞所在的地方
The orbits say to us where it is the black hole
它就位于图中的星形处
therefore it is located right where it is the star
那是我们星系的中心
in center of our galaxy
一些细节如：
这些行星绕行得有多快
and the exact details of how express orbits these stars
轨道有多紧密
and what so tightened is its orbits
向我们透露了，黑洞的质量
they say the mass to us of the black hole
我们现今认为
它的质量是太阳质量的四百万倍
that we create at the moment that is of 4 million times the mass of the Sun.
对盖兹来说
证明一个超大质量黑洞确实存在于
For Ghez, the confirmed salary that a massive super black hole exists
我们星系的中♥央♥
in the heart of our galaxy
意义好比登上珠峰
it went like arriving at top of the Everest mount.
在我们星系的中♥央♥发现超大质量黑洞
He was incredibly exciting to discover
令我无比兴奋
the massive super black hole in center of our galaxy
因为我们解决了曾经写下的问题
simply because it was a question that we had seted out to respond
问题是，“存在超大质量黑洞吗”
and the question was:It has massive super black hole?
我们能够设计实验来认识它
and we could design experiment responded that it.
天体物理学家，安德鲁·汉密尔顿说
The astrophisicist Andrew Hamilton it says that
死于超大质量黑洞
the death caused by massive super black hole would be
与死于另一种较小的星形黑洞，会有很大不同
very different from one caused by smaller relative of stellar mass.
如果你想去旅行
If you want to go of tourist, and to have sum experience to fall inside
想要跌入黑洞的终极经历
发现那里有些什么
within a black hole and to see what is what it really has there
那么去超大质量黑洞旅行吧
it visits a massive super black hole, that is one better idea.
比去星形黑洞好多了
Unlike a black hole stellar, would break that it in pieces
因为在你进入星形黑洞涡流前，它已把你撕成碎屑
before entering its mortal vortex
太空探险者可以体验
an explorer could in reality to undergo a free fall
自♥由♥坠入超大质量黑洞的感觉
within a hole massive super black.
坠入超大质量黑洞里面
Within a black hole super massive
结果是，尽管黑洞质量很大
although black hole is more massive
它的体积也很大
he is also greater in size, that it means that the force of the tides
这意味着
这种向心引力很弱
以至于你可以穿过“视界"
they are sufficiently weak stops to pass through horizon event
深深跌入黑洞里面
and to fall within the hole black without having to be torn.
而不被整齐地撕裂
但是, 深入黑洞里面后
But well inside of the black hole
黑洞自转的离心力
the centrifugal force of rotation of the black hole
驱使你向外移
it provides with an effective repulsion.
如果黑洞中有一点物质的话
So if some is matter inside, the material that is entering
向内跌的物质
将会撞上向外飞溅的物质
it will tend to collide with material that is trying to leave
这种高能量碰撞的结果
and the result of those collisions of energies
将导致难以想象的，高热稠密等离子体混乱大漩涡
it is an eddy unimaginably chaotic
of plasma densely it warms up.
那样的话
你将面临被烘烤的命运
And in that case, your destiny it is that you finish rostizado.
那么到底要多近，太空旅行者才会被吸入
Asi that, they c鷄n close must be a space traveller
星系中♥央♥的超大质量黑洞中呢？
to be swallowed by a hole massive super black
in center of a galaxy?
对超大质量黑洞来说
In the case of a black hole super massive you would have to be
从黑洞中心到你感到它的作用的距离
like from a million to thousands million km of a black hole
约百万到十亿英里远
in order to feel its influence.
若干年后
钱德拉射线天文台
With the years, the observatory Chandra of rays 揦?
捕捉到银河中
超大质量黑洞吞噬宇宙物质的画面
it has captured the black hole super massive of our galaxy
mordisqueando cosmic matter and not choking itself
并不是像其它超大质量黑洞那样活跃
like other holes massive super black.
我们银河系的黑洞比起其它黑洞来说，并不活跃
Nowadays our black hole he is inactive
compared with other black holes.
我们的星系中♥央♥的气体含量很少
Our galaxy has very little gas in center
所以实际上，我们星系的黑洞能吃到的物质很少
so it does not have nothing stops that the black hole is fed.
它吃得不多
It is not eating much, is like if it made a diet of extreme hunger.
它正处于挨饿节食期
我们星系的超大质量黑洞似乎在斋戒
The massive super black hole of our galaxy seems to be ayunando.
这部分是因为
This is partly due to the fact that whereas a galaxy ages
银河中气体不多
能吞食得到的物质越来越少
less and less matter is present so that dockage.
但在将来
如果在银河中心
But in the future it could to be a little more assets
它能得到充足的新鲜气体供应的话，它可能会变得更活跃些
if sometimes it got to obtain a fresh gas source to eat.
恢复我们的超大质量黑洞食欲的一个办法
A form to rejuvenecer the appetite of our massive super black hole
就是与另一个星系相撞
it is hitting another galaxy.
听着难以至信？
It sounds Impossible?
两百万光年远处
To 2 million years light
我们系最近的邻居，仙女星系
our nearer neighbor, the Andr髆eda galaxy
正以75英里每秒的速度冲向我们
load towards us to almost 120 km per second
或是说270,000英里每小时
or 435 thousand km per hour.
在未来
科学家们预言，这两个星系会相撞
In the future, the scientists predict that the two galaxies will hit
由于冲撞
较大的星系将会产生
and during the impact the galaxy major could realise
宇宙中最原始的运动之一
one of the most primitive acts known in the Universe.
最野蛮的仪式之一
He is one of the rituals more barb醨icos in the space
较大星系吞并较小的星系
a greater galaxy it eats a minor.
这幅场景不是科幻小说作家的幻想
The scene is not the fantasy of a science writer fiction
它是宇宙真实的写照
but a cosmic reality
叫做“星系吞食”
call 揼alactic cannibalism?
当两星系迎头相撞时
The terrible event can happen in the celestial freeway
这惊人的一幕就发生了
when two galaxies they hit front.
两星系最终融合在一起，但不是和睦的并和
Both finally they megre in a little harmonious union.
星系非常暴♥力♥