宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E14

Part 9 April 22, 2021, 8:14 p.m.

让我们有一系列关于起点的问题，
And he is something interesting and something exciting.
有意思，真帮。
Because now we can be asked When began everything?
你可以问什么时候开始的？
What so different era entoces in comparison to now?
现在和那会儿有什么不同？
What changes have influenced between before and now
那些变化影响了现在和那会儿，
in order to create the Universe that we know nowadays?
产生了我们所知的宇宙？
But to accept the theory of Big Bang and to accept that she is perfect
但接受大爆♥炸♥理论和想像它的影响
they are two different things.
是两码事。
There are problems with the details of the theory.
理论的细节上还有问题，
Expansive problems.
爆♥炸♥的问题。
During the last ones days of century XX
在20世纪的末期，
the scientists examined problems that existed with Big Bang
科学家检验着大爆♥炸♥问题，
although the theory generally it had been accepted.
虽然理论被普遍解释。
One of the majors problems
大问题之一是
it was that the temperature in the space outer era strangely uniforms.
外太空的温度奇怪地一致。
The physicists did not hope that Universe would have the same temperature
物理学家不接受同一温度充满宇宙
approximately in all the places that they observed.
几乎他们看到的每一个地方。
The universe simply he is too great
宇宙这么大，
so that an end has the same temperature that the other.
不可能这边的温度和那边一样。
Yes that is it.
是的，换真一样。
It is just like it would happen if you had a full cold water bathtub
就象你有放满凉水的澡盆，
and you would place hot water in an end.
要在一边加入热水。
It would happen awhile before everything the bathtub would have temperate water
等澡盆水温一致需要时间，
because to molecules them it takes time to propagate
因为热的分子需要时间
and to standardize all the distribution.
是全澡盆均匀分别。
The universe does not seem to be sufficiently old
宇宙可没老到
so that its temperature it has still balanced.
可以让温度均等。
Big Bang could not explain for which so distant points
大爆♥炸♥理论解释不了为什么遥远的两点
they have the same temperature.
有相同的温度。
80年代初Alan Guth有一个主意，
At the beginning of the '80 to Alan Guth arose the idea to him
from which the Universe perhaps came of a very small volume.
可能宇宙的热容量很小，
So small that at the outset, within this volume
很小的热容量
there was sufficient time stops that these different points
就有足够的时间使不同的点
they would communicate and standardize this temperature.
交换而达到同一温度。
Right after this Guth moment theorized that
在次只后，Guth理论上认为
the universe expanded even more express
宇宙的膨胀速度快过
that the light.
光！
More express than the limit of cosmic speed.
快过宇宙的速度极限。
The maximum speed in agreement with Einstein.
据爱因斯坦说那是速度的极限。
To which the Inflation talks about 摂 it is to a theory
理论指的是什么样的膨胀？
about which it impelled the expansion of Big Bang.
是什么引发了大爆♥炸♥，
Guth called to his theory 揑nflation?
被Guth称为膨胀理论。
At the first moments of the creation, for example
在创立的早期时刻，
the scientists think that the 4 forces of the nature
科学家相信有4种自然力存在，
including the gravity and electromagnetism
包括引力和电磁力
they were combined in a super force.
它们组合成一个超级力。
During Big Bang
在大爆♥炸♥中，
this superforce was divided in the 4 well-known forces.
超级力分为四个已知力。
But before the division
但在分离之前，
when the Universal era incredibly small
当宇宙非常小的时候，
the laws of the physics of Einstein
爱因斯坦的物理定律，
including that it says that nothing it moves at greater speed of the light
包括什么都快不过光，
they were still not applied.
还不适用。
Perhaps, then it happened something that
可能那会发生了什么事，
it did that the Universe expanded, even at greater speed than the light.
导致宇宙膨胀得比光还快。
At such speed that locked up the uniformity
导致了宇宙的一致性，
that it had when the Universe still he was very small.
就在宇宙还很小的时候。
We do not know exactly when the Inflation happened.
我们不知道它精确地发生在什么时候
Most probable it is than it has happened
很可能发生在，
when the gravity separated of the other 3 forces
引力刚刚和其他的3 个力分开，
but in a while in which the other 3 forces
在那一刻，其他的3 个力
probably they followed state unified.
还在联合着。
This hiper-expansion, if it happened
这个复合膨胀如果发生的话，
it locked up a certain one uniformity in the temperature.
会导致温度的一定性。
2001年6月3 日，NASA发射了颗卫星，
The 3 of June of 2001 the NASA sent a satellite
that it could potentially determine, of one or the other way
可以测定
Guth的膨胀理论是不是事实。
the truth about the theory of the Inflation of Guth.
The mission of the anisotropic sounding of micro waves Wilkinson or WMAP
WMAP任务，
it glided to photograph the heat fossilized surplus of Big Bang
是拍大爆♥炸♥余热化石的照片，
Penzias和Wilson找到的。
that Penzias and Wilson they had found.
In other words
换句话说，
NASA 想要一个宇宙小时候的照片。
the NASA wanted to take one it photographs of the primary Universe
so that they could compare it entoces with the Universe as it shines today.
他们可以和现在的宇宙做一参比。
2003年2月，科学家得到了回音，
In February of 2003, the scientists they gave the first look
of the photo of the WMAP of Primary universe
一个宇宙小时候的照片，
when as soon as it had 380 thousand years of age.
当它38万岁的时候。
The clarity of the data it astonished to the scientists.
清晰的数据令科学家惊讶。
The reaction that people had when seeing this was:
当人们看到时的反映是，
揑t goes?
天啊！
It really was what people had state speculating at first.
和人们早期想像的一样，
The Inflation probably it had happened.
看来膨胀理论是对的。
For the eye little trained the image in the WMAP
对未经培训的眼WMAP的图片，
it seems a very small one tile egg.
象一个罗宾的蛋。
But for the scientists it was like a stellar stone rossetta.
对科学家来说，它就是字典。
These landlords represent the seeds than later one would become
那些模型代表要生长的种子，
in vast extensions of stars and galaxies of today.
已成为今天的星球和星系。
Aside from supporting strongly the theory of Inflation of Guth
Guth的膨胀理论的强力的旁证，
the data also gave us concrete keys as soon as
数据还给出线索于
to the age, composition, forms and evolution of the Universe.
年龄，位置，形状和宇宙的进化。
Until it does few years, cosmology she was different from the other sciences
几年以前，其他科学对天文学有看法，
simply because
很简单，
there were more theories than they turned around those data.
理论比数据还要多。
And it would not be until these satellites they measured what it had happened
直到测到过去的数据，
after Big Bang with so high precision
高精度地测到大爆♥炸♥很短之后的数据，
that it was possible to be descriminar cosmological model of another one
你可以描述一个又一个的模型，
and they were possible to be produced numerical results approach
推演出众多的结果。
of the size of the Universe, the age of the Universe
象宇宙的尺寸，宇宙的年龄，
the rate of expansion of the Universe, the content of the Universe.
宇宙膨胀的速度，宇宙的组成。the content of the Universe.
That could not become before these data would be available.
没有这些数据是做不道的。
Before there was a mythology mixture and acute thought.
以前只能是夹杂神秘的聪明的想法。
Thanks to modern tools like the satellite WMAP, the physicists now
感谢象WMAP卫星这样的现代工具，
they have a model of events that happened
物理学家有了
right after Big Bang.
大爆♥炸♥之后的事件的模型
Less than one thousands millionth of second after Big Bang
大爆♥炸♥之后百万分之一秒，
a bubble formed much more small that a fraction of atom.
形成了比原子还要小的气泡。
This era the Universe.
这就是宇宙。
Unimaginably small
它不可想像的小，
and unimaginably hot.
不可想像的热。
Within this bubble, the 4 forces known the nature
在气泡中，四种已知的自然力
the gravity, electromagnetism
the 引力, 电磁力
besides the nuclear force and hard weak
加上强的和弱的核力，
they were combined in one super force.
组成了一个超力。
The gravity suddenly one separated of the super force
引力突然从超力中分离，
as the Universe one went away expanding.
宇宙爆♥炸♥了。
As the Universe went away expanding, one went away cooling
宇宙爆♥炸♥了，冷却了，
what, of some way, it shot an energy spurt
不知原因，散发出了能量，
impelling the hyperinflation of Universe suggested by Alan Guth.
感觉到了宇宙的复合膨胀，Alan Guth建议。
This inflation locked up the uniformity of the Universe
这个复合膨胀保持了宇宙的一致性，
described by satellite WMAP.
由WMAP图片证实。
The Universe still had less than a second of life
现在宇宙还没有一秒大，
when the super force separated of in the 4 forces of the nature.
接着超力分离为自然力。
Hardly 3 minutes after Big Bang the temperature of the Universe
大约三分钟后，宇宙的温度
it had lowered just little more of 555 million degrees Celsius.
降到一百万华氏度，
Sufficiently cold so that they would form the atomic nuclei.
冷到原子核可以形成，
The element formed Hydrogen.
形成了氢原子。
Some Hydrogen atoms they megred to form the Helium
部分氢聚合形成氦，
as it were proposed by Gamow and Alpher.
Gamow和Alpher的假设.
380 thousand years later
38万年后，
the light began to shine through the dark.
光线穿越了黑暗，
The radiation outbreak shortage by Penzias and Wilson
由Penzias和Wilson找的的辐射，
it happened then.