宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E09

Part 2 April 22, 2021, 8:12 p.m.

就像是银河，薄碟形有螺旋臂
Like the Milky Way, with arms in spirals with a thin disc.
椭圆的星系，象球形或椭圆形
And soon they are the elliptical galaxies, with one more a more spherical or elliptical form.
And they do not have arms in spirals.
没有螺旋臂
The spiral galaxies have much gas and dust in them
螺旋星系中有大量的气体和灰尘
with which they form new stars.
正在形成新的星体。
椭圆星系
Whereas the elliptical galaxies
they seem to have formed his stars long ago back.
象是星体形成好久了，
They do not have much gas and dust so no longer they form stars.
没有大量的气体和灰尘，新的星体不再形成。
Also there are irregular galaxies
还有不规则的星系，
that usually they have much gas and dust but does not have spiral form.
通常他们有大量气体和灰尘但不是螺旋状的。
The detection of those accumulations distant of stars
观察遥远处星辰的沉积物
it becomes easier when the astronomers
成了简单工作，
they look for the lights flowed explosives and
在天文学家研究灯塔爆破流时
located in center of many of them.
在爆破流中心的附近找到许多沉积物。
Violent and erratic hearts bark in center of many distant galaxies.
很多星系的中心都在激烈动荡中，
And they emit as much energy
散发出很多能量
that they can surpass amount of produced energy
产生的能量胜过
by all the stars inside these.
其星系所有恒星产生能量的总和
They are the active galactic nucleus.
它们有活跃的核心，
We can observe some galaxies
所以我们可以看到一些星系
and to see that they own in its center
我们发现星系拥有强大的中心化的动力，
产生了大量的光。
very powerful motors that they produce a great amount of light.
We can notice that they are very far.
我们知道它们是非常遥远的
But even so they are very shining we observed when them.
即使这样，我们观察到的光也是很耀眼。
For that reason they must have a great power
可见它们有很强的能量，
and they emit much energy every second.
每秒都要爆发出大量的能量。
Between most violent and powerful active galactic nuclei
活跃星系有剧烈和有力核心
they are the mysterious ones called phenomena to qu醩ar.
这个神秘的现象叫：类星体。
If we observed those qu醩ares, that they are almost stellar objects
当我们观察类星体时，类星体星状物
and we see far that they are, we noticed the brilliants that are some of them.
看它们有多远，有些非常耀眼。
Most shining
最亮的一个，
it is a trillion of times more brilliant that our sun.
比我们的太阳要耀眼一万亿倍。
Spectacular fluids of electromagnetic energy.
惊人的电磁能量流，
Shining lights that illuminate the sky by thousands of million kilometers.
灯塔般照亮数百万英里的天空
Those sources of high energy they give an amazing memory us
这些高能源向我们展示了
of the illumination power of the Universe.
宇宙的能量：照明
Qu醩ar it can more be brilliant that a galaxy.
类星体自己可能比整个星系都亮。
So, when seeing to qu醩ar like 3 C 273
当我们观看类星体象C273的时候
of that the space telescope Hubble took some images
用哈勃天文望远镜拍摄的景象
we discover that it has a great spurt of material that leaves a side of her.
我们发现它喷发出大量的物质
And it is almost of the size of the own galaxy.
几乎与星系相仿。
The active galactic nuclei they are very strange things.
活跃星系核，真是奇怪。
They show as it active galactic nuclei
活跃星系核显示，
the space is a violent place.
太空是剧烈变化的地方。
And as it shows the reality to it, it is happening a massive collision
还有将要发生的大碰撞，
right opposite ours.
就在我们自己院儿里。
The culprit
罪魁祸首，
it is a called galaxy 揇warfed Canis Major?
大犬座矮星系
As it implies its name, the dwarfed galaxies are small.
就名字而言，矮星系就是小星系，
And that causes that it is still more difficult to detect them.
所以很难被发现。
Now, the galaxy 揇warfed Canis Major? it is aiming at the Milky Way.
现在，大犬座矮星系正朝着银河运动。
Two galaxies in a shock course of which, due to the gravity
两星系发生冲突是引力的原因，
there is no escape some.
无法逃避
When a small galaxy approaches too much to a great galaxy
当小的星系接近大星系时，
the effects of the tides do that this one stretches and distorts
潮汐作用可使其被拉伸和扭曲。
and thus the gravitational attraction of the great galaxy
所以大星系的引力
it will haul and stretch to stars of the smallest galaxy.
将会推压小星系内的星体。
So a group of galaxies
这一系列的星系
with a separation in relation to its size more or less in the form
它们的位置和大小
of these discs of hockey in the ice
就象冰上的冰球似的
they would move by the space in relation to the one of the other
所有这些星系将彼此平等地穿越太空。
and from time to time some galaxy will hit another one.
每隔一段时间，就会有星系碰撞到另一个。
When this happens, the form of this one it is distorted and it stretched.
当碰撞时，星系的形状会扭曲和延伸
These discs are solid, but the galaxies are done of stars.
冰球是固体，但星系由众星组成
And each feels the force of gravity of the other.
它被扭曲并撕裂成潮汐尾
And it is distorted and one becomes in tails of tides
in an enormous star arc in both directions.
在不同的方向形成巨大的星弧。
And thus it is like, the once distant ones stars of a distant galaxy
远处星系的星群
that they cross thousands of million of million kilometers in the space
快速穿越数亿英里，
they can finish mixing itself with our galaxy.
并入我们星系的情况。
But, what did that those stars would be united and formed galaxies?
但是，群星是加何形成星系的？
Why the matter and the mass of the universe was fused
为什么宇宙中物质会融合到一起
and they became those spectacular structures?
形成如此壮观的结构？
In order to find the answer to the enigma we must go for back in the time
为了寻找答案，我们需要将时钟倒拨，
million and million years.
数百万，数亿年以前，
If one returns the sufficient thing
回到足够远的以前，你会发现一个点
it will arrive at a point where it will see all the matter
所有的物质
and the space and the time in the Universe
时间和空间都被压缩
compacted tablet and in an infinitely small point.
成一个无限小的点，
A gravitational singularity of infinite dimensions.
重力奇异的无限维度。
It is a point that burst in with one spectacular explosion:Big Bang.
这个点在大爆♥炸♥时壮观地爆♥炸♥了，
Long ago the matter and energy
长时间以前,
that they compose to each galaxy
构成每个星系的物质和能量
they were not far from us.
相距并不远。
Everything what it has arrived to become a galaxy
组成星系的所有东西，
it arose from a singularity gravitational
都在这个重力奇异的点里，
that it arrived to be known like Big Bang.
然后发生了大爆♥炸♥。
If we passed a film of the creation of the Universe backwards in the mind
假如在你脑海里反转宇宙的发展
in the end we will arrive at a point where the densidad will become very great.
最后你会发现一个密度极高点
If you return the sufficient thing in the time
回到足够远的以前
all the mass and energy of the Universe it would be in a single site
宇宙中所有的物质和能量都在一起，
of an infinite densidad.
你会发现无限地密集。
We think that the expansion of Universe says something to us deep.
我们认为,宇宙的膨胀给我们很深的启示。
That the Universe has a point of origin in the time.
这个时间是宇宙的起点，
At those moments, later of Big Bang
在那个时刻，大爆♥炸♥之后
the rules acquired form of our Universe and of stars.
宇宙的定律和恒星成型，
And one of the most important rules she was the one of the law of the gravity.
所有的定律中万有引力最主要。
By all means that after Big Bang the Universe expanded
大爆♥炸♥之后，宇宙在膨胀
but there were parts denser than others.
但有的部分比其他部分密度大
Those denser parts began to be contracted gravitationally
密度大的部分引力吸引，
and they formed galaxies.
它们形成了星系。
Cloud gas bags that were contracted by the gravity, they formed stars
气块吸引了星云逐渐形成了恒星，
because those gravitational bags
因为气块的引力比
they were contracted still more by gravity that the general gas clouds.
一般的星云的引力大。
But it was necessary that they happened hundreds of million years
可能要上亿年，
so that it got to form the first galaxy.
第一个星系才形成。
We do not know with exactitude when this happened but we have seen
我们不知它们形成的精确时间，
formed galaxies about billions of years after Big Bang.
但我们可在大爆♥炸♥之后10亿年看到几乎所有的星系
The objects older than I have seen
我能看到的最早的东西
they date from about 500 million of years after Big Bang.
是大爆♥炸♥之后五亿年的。
So we thought that it was within that period
所以就在这个期间，
when they summoned up life first objects.
我们认为早期的物质转化成了星系。
But not yet there are the time in which there was no galaxy.
我们还不知道第一个星系形成的时间。
In order to learn more of the distant galaxies
对其他星系的进一步研究，
we need to solve many mysteries
需要解开银河系，
of the seat of honor in the Universe of our Milky Way.
我们自己的星系之谜。
When we studied the structure of our galaxy
当我们想了解银河系的结构时，
the difficulty that we have is that we are within her.
面临的困难是我们身在其中。
We only can see what we see from inside.
我们只能看到从内部看到的景象。
In addition there is dust and gas that it blocks our vision
灰尘和气体遮挡我们的视线，
and we cannot see very far, from our position in our galaxy
就我们在银河系的位置，看不了多远，
in many different directions.
无论那个方向都是一样。
We think that the Milky Way is a galaxy in barred spiral
银河系是一棒旋星系，
10万光年方圆，
with a cross-sectional length of 100 thousand years light
and a heavy nucleus of 3.000 years light.
核厚3000光年。
The majority of the galaxies of Universe is smaller.
宇宙中的大部分星系较小。
The Milky Way, and many galaxies distant, they are like cities
银河系和很多遥其它星系一样就像是城市
with a dense central nucleus and less dense suburbs.
中心密度大，周边密度小。
For the spiral galaxies, like our own Milky Way
对于螺旋星系，象我们的银河系
that means that a trip from visit to the suburbs
从中心到周边的旅程
he is not different from it travels by the freeway.