宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E12

Part 4 April 22, 2021, 8:13 p.m.

If you are a galaxy is very violent, it breaks to you in pieces.
会把你撕成碎片
约书亚.巴尼斯研习星系融合
Joshua Barns studies the galactic fusions.
表现得像犯罪现场调查者
Acting like an investigator of the scene of a crime
他也承认他的研究有点类似观察车祸
it admits that its investigation looks like a little to investigate a shock of cars.
想象你遇到一个车祸现场
It imagines if you ran into with the scene of an accident of cars.
只有遇难的车辆，没有目击者
Two vehicles spoiled without witnesses, nobody that tells you what it happened
没人告诉你发生过什么
能调查的只有现场的证据
the unique thing that you have is the physical evidence.
当我们研究星系碰撞时
That is basically what we have to make when studying galaxies that hit.
基本上就是这样研究的
没有星系碰撞的目击者
there are witnesses in no one galactic collision
能调查的只有目前星系撞后的状态
everything what you have is the present state of the rest.
所以你得开展一系列调查
You must realise a species of forensic investigation
来弄清楚
以前发生过些什么
in order to try to find out what happened on the base than you have today.
如果他们迎头相撞，你可以知道
If they hit front we would know it
因为可以找到压碎的前端
如果它们侧边相撞
because the fronts would be squashed, but if they hit of side
其实在星系相撞中，这种侧边相撞更有可能
what is in fact more similarity to the galactic collisions
侧边撞留下的破坏痕迹，又是完全不同的
that would leave a landlord completely different from rubbish
你可以区别出来
and you could interpret it.
是什么引起星系融合的呢？
Then what causes the galactic fusions?
万有引力
It is the gravity.
宇宙中的任何物质，都是在太空中自♥由♥穿梭
All the Universe falls freely by the space.
对两个像星系这样大的两物体
And when you have two great ones objects like the galaxies
它们相互的万有引力把它们拉近
its gravity approaches mutual them so the one in the other falls.
导致相互靠近
确实就是万有引力把物体拉聚在一起
So really, it is only the gravity force
hauling the things.
我们今天看到的星系碰撞
The galaxies that we see collide today, the majority of them
它们大多都是10~15百万年前
they have been destined to collide by 10 or 15 billions of years
就注定要撞在一起的
现在只是在完成它们的第一次碰撞而已
and just now they are arriving to that first collision.
我们银河系
Our galaxy, the Milky Way it moves towards its neighbor:Andr髆eda.
正在移向毗邻的仙女星系
两个星系都呈螺线形
Both galaxies have spiral form.
但是仙女星系约是超大质量黑洞质量两倍
But Andr髆eda is almost two months more massive
with a massive super black hole with the mass of 30 million suns.
是太阳质量3千万倍
当两星系相互靠拢时
It will be looked much like a dance.
看起来就像在舞蹈
You see the two galaxies approach
它们如舞蹈般绕着对方
so it dances the one around the other
越靠越近，越移越快
approaching more and more and moving more and more fast
在它们最终聚在一起前
before joining itself finally.
在碰撞那一点
星系的舞蹈比人类的脚尖旋转复杂得多
But in the point of impact
these galactic dancing they will do more than pirouettes.
每个星系都有行星构成的螺线圆盘
Each owns a disc star spiral
螺线圆盘外♥围♥
and surrounding to that
有一层暗物质光圈，人眼是不可见的
there is a side of dark matter.
但我们能够探测到它的引力场
Invisible material that
we can detect by its field of gravitation.
这两层暗光圈, 空间范围更大
These two dark halos that they are much more majors
两星系经过时，暗光圈会叠在一起
they will be intermingled when the galaxies approach.
随着两星系螺线式环绕对方，最后越来越近
Finally, while the galaxies more approach more and
你就再也区分不开它们了
no longer we will be able to distinguish them like separated systems
最终，核聚在一起
and finally its nuclei they will megre.
仙女星系与银河系冲撞时
When Andr髆eda and the Milky Way hits
银河系将会
遭到最大的冲撞
it will be the greater collision than it has seen the Milky Way
50亿年来一遇
within about 5 thousands million years.
好消息是，我们太阳系
The good news is that
能够正面观看到
our system to pave will have a spectacular view.
两星系冲撞的经过
What it will happen is that the two galaxies, their discs to breathe to them
它们的螺线圆盘
将被整齐地撕裂
they will be torn by gravity in fantastic forms.
当圆盘靠近对方时
When the discs begin to approach
它们将扔掉长长的行星彩带
they will send to clay spurts of stars
所谓的“潮汐尾翼”
calls gravitational tails.
对于太阳和太阳系来说
And what it will happen with the Sun and Solar System, if still we are here
我们是否会被扔出去呢？
实际情形很难预测
it is really difficult to predict.
我们可能有幸成为其中的一条“潮汐尾翼”
We could have luck and be in one of those gravitational tails
飞出圆盘时，可以鸟瞰到冲撞的整个过程
and to have an aerial view of everything the process while we escaped.
或者我们有可能被吸住
卷入正在合并的星系的中♥央♥
Or we could be thrown to one orbit that
one goes towards the center of the galaxies in fusion.
基本上是难以预测的
Basically there is way no to know it.
星系合并过程中
如果我们太阳系穿过仙女系外圈或边缘
During the fusion, if our system to pave moves by the periphery
or the edges of Andr髆eda, we could not notice anything.
那可能就什么也看不到
另一方面
无数的行星和太空物质
On the other hand, countless stars and space weapons
可能会飞向我们太阳系
they could be sent towards planets
可能会扰乱太阳系行星的运行轨道
potentially disturbing its orbits around the Sun.
而且整个银河系可能面临大变动
And still more, all the galaxy could to face a cosmic convulsion.
我们可以推论出
结果是很危险的
We could have consequences that they could nevertheless be dangerous.
首先，我们星系可能
在星系合并后，形成许多行星
We could have many star formation
as a result of the fusion.
目前，银河系和仙女系都有
At the moment as much the Milky Way as the Andr髆eda galaxy
很多星际气体
they have interstellar gas enough
这是行星形成的原材料
the raw material whereupon the stars form.
那意味着
许多"零龄主序后星", "超新星" 会远离我们而去
That would mean many more stars evolved
superNovas igniting in our neighborhoods.
这一离去将导致震波, 冲击波
That could create shock waves, waves cosmic ray explosives, bursts
或是宇宙射线爆发
结局非常险恶
that they could have ominous consequences.
两系合并后
我们太阳系的命运飘忽不定
After the fusion, the destiny of our Solar System will be uncertain
当银河系和仙女系各自的超大质量黑洞
while the black holes of Andr髆eda and the Milky Way
在新形成的混乱星系里相互竞争
they compete by the power in the new mixed galaxy.
星系合并时, 会形成一个新的星系
When they megre they will form a new galaxy
这两个超大质量黑洞
and these two black holes super massive
也会逐渐盘旋着驻入新的星系中♥央♥
they will turn gradually in spiral towards the center of the new galaxy.
一对黑洞的状态，只保持很短一段时间
It will be a binary hole by short time.
这些黑洞开始吞食气体
And these black holes will begin to swallow gas
冲撞搅起太空物质
太空气体夹着物质卷入黑洞
while the collision shakes the things, the gas will fall in those black holes
物质被激发
开始迸发辐射线
they will ignite
and they will begin to emit radiation.
烟尘潜在地为星系中♥央♥的黑洞
But there is potential stops fireworks, possibly
to feed the holes black in the centers of the galaxies
补充了能量
物质像那样被卷入进去，是可能的
by the matter falling in them, possibilities as those exist
观看这一过程唯一安全的地方
and then the unique safe place stops to observe the process
she would be one of those tails gravitational
就是其中一个“潮汐尾翼”
安度并逃离冲撞
that they leave escaping the collision.
一些科学家认为
仙女系的超大质量黑洞更大
Some scientists think that the black hole
super massive greater of Andr髆eda
将最终吞噬掉银河系的超大质量黑洞
finally it will consume to the one of the Milky Way.
两个黑洞先是盘旋在中♥央♥
Both black holes they will turn in center
形成一对黑洞
然后互相吞并
they will become a black hole binary, and finally they will megre
形成一个更大的超大质量黑洞
in order to become a hole greater massive super black.
所以，一个小星系撞击一个大星系
A small galaxy that collides with a great one is very probable that
小星系可能被大星系控制
it is dominated by the galaxy greater.
最终，小星系中的大量物质
Essentially it will have the major part of its absorbed material
被大星系吸收，附属在大星系之内
by the galaxy and it will be consumed by her.
科学家们认为星系吞并
The scientists think that the galactic fusions
是宇宙中的一种生命方式
they are a style of life in the Universe.
包括银河在内的现代星系
The modern galaxies, including the Milky Way
都是依靠吞并小星系，来实现变大的
they have grown by having 揷annibalized?smaller galaxies.
我们看见的每个星系
Each galaxy that we see has happened probably by many collisions.
都可能是经历过多次星系撞击
银河系中♥央♥行星凸集
The Milky Way has a group star power station
这可能就是先前撞击后的遗迹
that they are probably the undertow of previous collisions.
很多科学家一致认为
银河系与仙女系间，这场预期的大冲撞
Many scientists agree in which so anticipated fusion
between the Way L醕tea and Andr髆eda, it will not happen
至少在30亿年内不会发生
in less than 3 billions of years.
但太空中的近距摩擦危险，会增多
But they could have dangers immediate in the space.
数百万光年远的宇宙近邻
In cosmic neighbourhoods, to million years light
存在极度活跃的星系
there are hyperactive galaxies that are had turned
已成为我们巨大的威胁
in great louts of the street.