宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E11

Part 5 April 22, 2021, 8:13 p.m.

But a welcome event For the planet's ring system.
但都回到行星的光环系统中去
The debris that's released From that
Can potentially generate A new ring around uranus.
那些碎片回到光环系统在天王星周围又产生新的光环
Uranus shares The outer solar system With its sister planet Neptune
天王星和她的姊妹海王星共享着外太阳系
A gleaming sapphire, Some three billion miles away From the Sun.
一颗发着暖光的星星距离太阳30亿英里远
With the demotion of Pluto,
除了冥王星冥王星实景
Neptune is now Our outermost planet.
海王星是离太阳最远的行星了
Neptune takes its name From the Roman god of the seas.
海王星得名于古罗马海神的名字
Neptune is 2.68 billion miles From Earth.
海王星距离地球268英里
直径是3住775英里
Measuring roughly 30,000 miles,
Neptune's diameter is four times That of Earth's.
比地球大四倍
A year on Neptune is equivalent To 165 Earth years,
绕太阳一周需要16♥4♥8年
And a day lasts 16.1 hours.
日长161小时
If you weigh 150 pounds On Earth,
在地球上重150磅的人
You would tilt the scales At a 169 pounds on Neptune.
去到海王星上面就是169磅
Like all the outer planets,
像所有外行星一样
Neptune rotates Much faster than Earth,
海王星比地球围绕太阳公转得更快
And this rapid spin Helps to create violent winds.
而这中速度就会带起巨大的风暴
In fact,
The highest winds Recorded on any planet In the solar system
其实整个太阳系都有这种风暴
Are on Neptune.
但海王星的风暴达到上千英里每小时
We have winds of sometimes Over 1,000 miles per hour
And commonly, 750 miles per hour Raging in that upper atmosphere.
正常风是70一50英里每小时戴维?格林斯彭丹佛自然科学博物馆
这样就提高了大气层
我还不确定这是为什么
And we're not quite sure why,
So there's a little bit Of mystery.
What puzzles scientists Is why Neptune's winds
为什么海王星上的风暴
比其他外行星的风暴要猛烈
Blow even stronger than those On the other outer planets,
With speeds Two to three times faster
要比木星上的风暴大2一3倍
Than in Jupiter's blustery Great red spot.
Jpl researcher, Michael Mishna,
jpl的研究人员
Studies what drives weather On other planets.
开始了对行星上风暴的研究
他解释了海王星强大风暴的原因
He's intrigued by Neptune's Mysteriously strong winds.
If we were to put One of these windmills Up on Neptune
加果你在海王星上安装一个窗户
Depending on the altitude That we put it,
We would either see motion Similar to what we see now.
你会看到的是现在这里的情况
Or if we were to place it At the altitudes
慢慢的风速越来越快
In which the winds Are going 1,000 miles an hour,
最后达到上千英里
We actually might not see Very much motion at all,
在这里是不经常看到的
And that's because The atmosphere is so thin
那里的大气很稀薄几乎没有
That there's just not enough force From that wind
这样风速得以没有阻挡地前进
to actually turn The propellers of the turbine.
So you might not actually see Any motion at all.
你也许会在那里看到过这种情况
在地球上有低压系统
On Earth we see high pressure And low pressure systems
和高压系统
If we look at weather maps And the same, to an extent,
看着气候图就相似于这个外行星上面的气候了
Can be seen On the outer planets.
We can't exactly identify A big h in this location
我们能确定高压在那个地方
低压在那个地方
Or a big l in this location,
But there are generally regions
但我们通常知道这个地区
That are warmer And have higher pressure Than other areas,
风向就是从高压向低压运动
Which are colder And may have lower pressure,
And that generates The winds that blow From high to low.
风通常都是从高到低的
A key factor In the creation of wind
一个产生风的因素
Is an energy source To heat the air.
就是热空气
On Earth, The sun provides this energy.
在地球上太阳提供了这个能量
But the windswept planet Neptune
但在海王星上面的风暴速度
Is 30 times farther from the sun Than Earth,
要比地球和太阳上面的快30倍
但它得到的太阳能量要比地球低得多
And it gets only about 1/900th As much solar energy.
It's simply not enough To power Neptune's Colossal winds.
这点能量不足以产生海王星上巨大的风暴
Scientists believe that neptune
科海王星是从自家认为内部得到这能量的学身
Gets its additional power From within.
Measurements taken by Voyager II Showed that Neptune
“使者号♥”发现海王星从自身得到的热量
Radiates twice as much heat From its interior As it gets from the Sun
要比从太阳那里得到的热量要大两倍
The highest ratio Of heat outflow to inflow
在太阳系中所有的行星都可以自身产生热量
Of any planet In the solar system.
Neptune has A relatively large amount Of internal heating
海王星有许多物质可以产生热量
Which is coming From radioactive decay Of materials inside
就是来源于它里面的物质
And other chemical processes That are occurring
里面的物质不断互相作用
And that releases a lot of heat From the inside.
热量就是从里面出来的
Just why The interior of Neptune
为什么海王星的里面的物质
Generates so much heat Remains a mystery.
产生这么多的热量
仍然是个迷
It's lead some to speculate
据推测里面的物质还在变化之中
That the planet Is still in the process Of forming,
And the in-falling gases Are releasing heat
在变化过程中
放出热量
As they are compacted By gravity.
对引力也有一定的影响
这有趣的热源
This internal heat source Could also explain
也可以进一步解释海王星的大气问题
The convection of gases In Neptune's atmosphere
That leads To fascinating cloud patterns.
具有很特别的特别
There are many bright, White clouds that appear In the atmosphere.
有许多亮白的物质
呈现在大气层上面
There are different regions Of very bright and dark banding On the surface,
这是个不同的局域
与那些暗色的局域有明显的区别
So we'd be able to distinguish Different latitudes
这就很容易的区分开来亮白的和暗色的物质
By the brightness of the bands.
Scientists believe That the banding patterns
科学家认为亮白的部分的组成成份
Have something to do With Neptune's Cloud composition.
是由某种物质构成的
These are probably Made of methane,
它们也许是氢气和氛气
And they move very fast Around the planet as well.
它们也围绕着海王星飞速旋转
Neptune's wind movement Is unlike anything We are accustomed to.
海王星的卫星的形成
不像我们习惯想象的那样
These are Giant storm systems,
这是奇怪的暴风雨系统
Storm systems That would dwarf anything That we see on Earth.
暴风雨系统
把一切东西都毁灭掉
In 1989,
在1999年卫星传下来的照片
Voyager ii snapped a photograph
震惊了科学家
That shocked The mission's scientists.
Neptune had a huge storm,
海王星在大气层上
A great dark spot In its southern hemisphere.
有一个大黑斑
延伸8000英里
Stretching 8,000 miles wide,
Large enough for our Earth To fit in the center,
比我们的地球还有大
The storm resembled Jupiter's infamous Great red spot.
有木星上面的“大红斑”一半大少
The great red spot Is a huge anticyclone,
“大红斑”真是大啊
Which is fed By many smaller storms That keeps it alive, If you like.
可能是暴风雨形成的
Otherwise it would dissipate And disappear.
但不久就消失了
In the case Of the great dark spot,
We believe It's more of an instability In the atmosphere,
我们认为是这些斑是在行星上面的大气层形成的
是非常巨大的
Which rocks back and forth Because of the flows In that very fast atmosphere.
一般是圆形的因为大气层流动得非常快
Just five years After the spot Was first discovered,
在大黑斑发现后的五年之后
科学家又被另一东西惊呆了
The Hubble Space Telescope
哈勃望远镜对准了海王星
Turned its eye toward Neptune Only to see
发现“大黑斑”不见了
That the largest storm On the planet was gone.
宇宙外行星
What happened To Neptune's great dark spot?
海王星的“大黑斑”到底是怎么回事
Within a span of five years,
在五年之内
The largest storm on the planet
“大黑斑”就从
Simply vanished From the southern hemisphere.
海王星大气层消失了
But that didn't mean the end Of mega storms on Neptune.
但这并不意味着暴风雨在海王星上已经停止了
Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope observed
宇航员利用哈勃望远镜
That a new great dark spot Had appeared.
观察“大黑斑”一段时间
But this time, in the planet's Northern hemisphere.
但这时
它在这行星大气层的北部
It seems that on Neptune,
这看来，这海王星
The storm systems that manifest As these big spots,
上面的暴风雨是变化无常的戴维?格林斯彭丹佛自然科学博物馆
You can see, With a spacecraft or telescope.
They sort of come and go On shorter time scales Than,
有时发生在这里
say, The great red spot on Jupiter
有时又到那边
Which has been there For hundreds of years.
但木星上面的“大红斑”已经存在100年了
Not only are these Storm systems transient,
不但是暴风雨系统漂移了
They are also eccentric.
而且更集中了
Scientists observed That the size Of the great dark spot
科学家观察到“大黑斑”的大小
Oscillated by several thousand Square miles
有上千英里平方
within a span Of just eight days.
只8天就发展成这么大
The disappearance And reappearance And overall erratic movement
这个出现，那个又消失掉拍摄的实景
所有这些运行
Make Neptune's storm systems
就像海王星的暴风雨系统
Some of the most unpredictable In the solar system.
表明了在太阳系还有许多不确定因素的存在
Similar to its Outer planet neighbors,
和其他外太阳系的外行星邻居一样
Neptune has A complex system of moons.
海王星的卫星系统也很复杂
Thirteen have been discovered So far.
目前为止已经发现了13颗卫星
Some of Neptune's moons
海王星的一些卫星来自太阳系中冰体