宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E12

Part 5 April 22, 2021, 8:13 p.m.

在某些星系的中心，住着宇宙怪兽
In the heart of some galaxies live a cosmic monster.
它能把一个普通的星系转换成
It transforms a common galaxy
太空中最耀眼、最致命的星系
in one of most shining and lethal of the space.
“类星体”就是这种怪异的东西
类星体由超大质量黑洞提供能量
Qu醩ares is peculiar objects
fed by a hole massive super black
黑洞会不停地吞食大量的物质
that continuously it swallows great amounts of matter
每年吞食10~20颗行星
of 10 to 20 stars every year.
类星体的核心处，是个巨大的黑洞
In the nucleus of these objects a very great black hole lives.
黑洞的任务就是
产生大量的能量给类星体
And the roll of that black hole is to generate an enormous amount of energy.
类星体拥有宇宙中，最高效利用能量的机制
Qu醩ares is the mechanisms power more efficient in the cosmos.
它释放的能量比一百个普通星系还要多
They produce more energy than 100 normal galaxies
比我们的太阳要亮十万亿倍
and they are 10 trillions of times more brilliants than our sun.
那么，类星体在宇宙中是怎么形成的呢？
How they are created then qu醩ares in the Universe?
上次的星系合并
和所谓的“类星体现象”之间
There is a good connection between last stages of the galactic fusion
有着密切的联♥系♥
and the call phenomenon to qu醩ar.
如果银河系与仙女系的真的发生的话
If that really happens in the case of the Way L醕tea and Andr髆eda
我们可能会产生
一个类星体活跃在合并星系的中心
we could have by period of 10 to 100 million years
持续十几年甚至一亿年
qu醩ar in center active of the fusion of the galaxies.
类星体产出的能量约是
一个普通星系的一百倍
And qu醩ar it emits 100 times more times energy that a typical galaxy.
如果我们被卷入一个
带我们飞向星系中心的轨道
If we were sent inside of an orbit
it took that us to the center of the galaxy
我们就可能近距离接近类星体
当然，我们也会被烧焦
we could arrive closely together from that qu醩ar and singing to us.
“类星体”这个词含义是“类似恒星的射电源”
The word 搕o qu醩ar?means: source of almost stellar radio
意思是：类似恒星的无线电波发射源
what means:emissions of radio waveses similar to stars.
当类星体现象还是一个谜的时候
才创造了这个词
The word was coined when phenomenon of qu醩ar
it was still a mystery.
现在我们知道，它们一点也不像恒星
Now we know that they are not 搒imilar to stars?at all.
除了放射无线电波和可见光
Besides emitting waves of radio and visible light
类星体还发出紫外线、
qu醩ares emits ultraviolet rays
红外线、X射线、γ射线
infrared waveses
X-rays
and gamma rays.
如果某物或某人靠得太近，将造成致命伤害
All mortals, if somebody or something, approaches too much.
类星体是一个很远的超大质量黑洞
Qu醩ar it is a black hole super massive
但很活跃，充满能量，散发光芒
to a great distance that he is active
我们可以在很多波带上发现它
he is powerful, it emits light and
we can observe it in different wavelengths.
类星体第一次被发现是在1960年代
Qu醩ares was shortages in years '60
但随着射电成像望远镜的技术日趋成熟
but as the image radiotelesc髉ica was improving
天文学家发现有的类星体
the astronomers discovered that some
也有强大的喷射光束
they also have powerful spurts leaving them.
这种类星体叫做“耀类星体”
These qu醩ares in particular they are called 揃lazares?
也许是宇宙中最激烈的现象
probably one of the phenomena more violent in the Universe.
耀类星体跟类星体一样，靠黑洞提供能源
Blazares is energetizados by black holes like qu醩ares
只是能量的分配有所不同，耀类星体的所有能量
but they are something different in sense that
是集中到一起
或是大部分能量集中在
all the energy is being concentrated
or great part of the energy it is being concentrated in spurts
喷射光束上
that they are being expelled
耀类星体的高能等离子体喷柱
The aggressive plasma current of spurt of blazar produces radiation
产生的无线电波辐射
射频频谱从低一直高到
in the form of radio waveses
高能的γ射线
through all the phantom until gamma rays of high energy.
天体物理学家格林.派勒
曾调查过这些外来星系
The astrophisicist Glenn Piner has been investigating the physical training conditions
中心的实际情况
in center of these 揺xotic ones? galaxies.
我们可以用这口喷泉来比拟耀类星体
We can use this source stops to visualize the geometry of blazar
如果把喷泉的圆底座
比作类星体圆盘
if the circular base represents the accretion disc
那么喷上来的水柱
就代表来自类星体的等离子体喷柱
the water spurt represents plasma jet that leaves blazar
如果地球沿着喷水方向移♥动♥
and if the Earth were in the direction where that water goes
那么我们可以把它看成一个耀类星体
we would see this object like blazar.
对天文学家来说，它看起来就像看一个火光四射的长管
For an astronomer it is like watching downwards
看见它就会灼伤你的眼睛
through a hose for fires
it really gives you in the eye
所以名叫“耀类星体”
you would see this luminous and overwhelming one thing that we called to blazar.
耀类星体喷射移♥动♥得异常快
These spurts of blazar move exceptionally fast.
曾发现最快的能达到光速的99.9%
Quickest observed one moved to 99.9 _ the speed of the light.
如果你拿着一个小东西
像这个保龄球
If you took a small object like this ball of bowling alley
你想把它加速到
99.9%的光速
you would want and it to accelerate to 99,9 _ the speed of the light
你将不得不把全地球产生的能量
全用在这个保龄球上
you would have to give this ball all the energy
要保持一周，才能达到99.9%的光速
produced in the world for one week whole
in order to accelerate it at that speed.
在这些耀类星体里
我们不仅要把像保龄球样的小东西加速
And in these blazares is not only accelerated small objects like these balls
而且还要将像木星之类大质量的，或者比木星质量还大的
but in addition objects to great mass like Jupiter
加速到那个速度
那这个高效的引擎需给它们施加
or greater at those speeds
偌大的能量
so they occur them incredible amounts of energy
by this efficient motor.
耀类星体会对靠近它们喷射柱的物质
Blazares supposes unimaginable consequences
造成难以想象的结果
for the cosmic objects that they approach too much its mortal spurt.
如果有个行星靠得比较近
离实际喷射柱几光年远
If there were a planet relatively close, to few years light of the spurt
耀类星体对这个行星的辐射
可能是附近恒星对它辐射的百万倍
the radiation in that planet would be million times
from that it receives from its star
它将长♥期♥曝露于高辐射环境下
continuously it would be exposed at high radiation levels
所以我认为
想在行星上寻找生命
so I do not believe that we would have to look for life
就不应在环绕耀类星体喷柱运行的行星上找
in a planet that orbit a star that it is in a spurt of blazar.
科学家们把全球的射电望远镜连在一起
The scientists combine radio-telesc髉ios anywhere in the world
以达到放大耀类星体喷柱的效果
in order to obtain the magnification necessary
in order to focus a spurt of blazar.
给你打个这种放大的类比
这种放大效果可以在洛杉矶阅读
In order to give an analogy of the type of magnification
it would be a sufficient magnification like reading a newspaper
在纽约某人手中拿着的报纸
that somebody maintains in New York from Los Angeles.
我们希望尽可能的观测到星系中♥央♥黑洞
It would enchant to see to us more close possible the central black hole
那样我们才能得知，它们是怎么
加速喷柱的
..in order to appear how the nature to us it is accelerating these spurts
怎么使它们达到高速的
and taking them so high speeds.
我们也想知道
那些喷柱实际是由什么构成的
Also we would like to know of what the spurts are done
因为那种构成成分证明是某种
目前未知的东西
because it is that he is something that it is not known.
有待去发掘
天文学家会在邻近地区关注它们
Until it is not known more on blazares
the astronomers will be on duty to them constant
关注我们未知宇宙中的
所有其它那些危险的地方
as well as to the other places dangerous
in our uncontrollable Universe
可以肯定的是
宇宙中的爆发事件从来没停过
Definitively there are violent events happening in the Universe.
释放的能量大到超出我们的想象
Much more energy of the one than we can to imagine to us in the Earth here.
比太阳亮万亿倍的光芒突然闪现
There are trillions of suns shining at the same time
那些就是我们谈论着的能量
those are the amounts of energy of which we are speaking.
但只要我们远离那些危险的地方
But in that case, the fact of that we are so remote
就能安稳生存
aid to the survival of our species.
如果我们真的要遨游太空
If we were traveling by the space, then definitively
那么肯定的
就要时刻注意这些危险
we would have to worry to us by those events.