宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E07

Part 5 April 22, 2021, 8:12 p.m.

造成巨大的陨石碎片雨
By almost 12.000 km, the shock wave it would tear the ground and it would generate
冲击波将袭击7500英里[12000千米]范围的地面
and it would generate tsunamis with waves of 60 meters.
产生高达2000英尺[60米]的海啸
Enormous tsunamis would propagate by the Earth e
地球上产生的最大海啸
they would flood great part of the coasts of the world.
淹没几乎所有的海岸
It would devastate Fertile valleys, Nevada
从地球上抹去内华达州,拉斯维加斯
the cities of Salt Lake City, Utah.
犹他州,盐湖城
San Francisco, California
加利福尼亚,旧金山
and Los Angeles, they would vanish in seconds.
以及洛杉矶摧毁于瞬间
The shock waves of the impact
冲击波的作用
they would propagate by the solid Earth
沿着地球表面波及
by thousands of kilometers from the impact site.
数千英里之外的地方
Those seismic waves would converge
这些地震波将汇聚于
in the point antipodal of the impact
撞击处相对立的地方
in the coast of Madagascar.
位于马达加斯加的海岸
At heart of the Indian Ocean.
印度洋底部
Suddenly, a mountainous mountain range it would explode through ocean floor.
瞬间,巨大的山脉将从海底升起
And one would rise to form that strange mercuriano land.
形成一个像水星上那样的"queer terra"
There would be an incredible earthquake
如此难以置信的大地震
in all the Earth with object of that size.
将作用于整个地球
The crater of the meteorite would be a notch in the surface
地表的陨石坑大小将
compared to the mercuriana wound
相等于水星上的
product of an impact of the Caloris type.
卡洛里斯盆地
The chiselled one would consume a quarter of the continental United States.
吞噬掉大约四分之一的美国大♥陆♥
An object of that size
如此大的小行星
it would eliminate a great portion of the coast the west of the United States
将干掉大部分的美国西海岸
if it fell someday in Arizona.
如果某天它落到亚利桑那
Literally it would change coast at a moment.
实际上西海岸瞬间就被改变
Of Mercury return
回到水星
those craters give one him iconic stature in the Solar System.
这些陨石坑是太阳系的一个标志
And some of those scars they keep mysteries.
其中一些非常神秘
When the radar of the observatory of Harecibo in Puerto Rico
当位于波多黎各的Harecibo天文台的雷达
one focused in the Mercury poles
聚焦于水星极地
it gathered something that left perplex to the investigators.
收集到的信息迷惑了研究人员
Ice. One of the bodies more I warm up in the Solar System
冰.太阳系最热的行星之一
and it owns ice in the poles. The reason by that ice exists there, it is that
极地居然有冰. 那里有冰的原因是
Mercury owns a surface with many craters
水星表面有大量陨石坑
so the craters in polar region
两极地区的陨石坑内
in its interior, they are constantly in the shade.
完全处于阴影下
This must to that Mercury is vertical regarding the plane of its orbit.
这是由于水星极轴垂直于公转平面
So the ground of some craters it never receives light or heat of the Sun.
一些坑内永远也见不到阳光
But without no source obvious of water in the planet
但是水星上没有任何水源
that generates the question:
问题在于:
how arrived the ice there?
冰怎么到达那里?
The scientists think that the mysterious one ice could come from a comet.
科学家猜测可能是来自于彗星
Composed of rock, dust, gases and ice
由石块,尘土,气体和冰组成的彗星
the comets come from the regions more exteriors of the Solar System
来自于太阳系外部
where the temperatures they are much more cold.
那里温度比较低
East ice could simply be in crater bottom
那些冰仅仅只是呆在坑底部的
in permanent shades
永久的阴影里
or it could be ice that was place setting by a dust layer
还是被尘土覆盖而隔离了阳光
it shielded that it of the solar light, we really do not know it.
我们并不真正清楚
Besides these comet collisions
除了彗星撞击之外
another type of crater exists in the planet.
水星上还有一些坑
And they did not form by anything that it fell of the sky.
不是由外部撞击所形成的
In its place, a similar natural force to terrestrial ones I create these holes
相反,相似于产生这些洞穴的地球自然景观
and it was generated in the deep thing of the nucleus of the planet.
由水星内核深处的能量产生
Mercury.
水星
One more a nearer observation of its land by the scientists
科学家对其地表更近的观察后
it reveals that some of its craters they could form by something
发现一些坑有些不同
different from asteroids, I commit and meteorites.
不同于小行星,彗星和陨星的撞击坑
We understand that the geologic process dominant that affected Mercury
我们知道,水星的地质演化中
or to its surface they were at least the impact craters.
陨石撞击坑是主要的影响
The second geologic process more important
第二大地质演化作用
that it affects Mercury is volcanism.
就是水星火山
Although not yet we have seen no definitive evidence
虽然还没有有力证据
of Mercury volcanos
证明水星火山的存在
we hope that there have been eruptions volcanic in the past.
我们认为水星过去有过火山爆发
This remote pasture for cows, to 3 hs in automobile to the north of Phoenix
这些远处放牧的奶牛, 离凤♥凰♥山以北约3小时车程
it could contain a revealing bond with the volcanic Mercury history.
这里也许能揭示水星上火山活动历史
The hills with craters are volcanos of extinct ash cone
坑状的山是死火山的火山口
and the geologists suspect that they can be similar in Mercury.
地质学家猜测跟水星上的火山相似
This it is an ash cone
这些是圆锥型的死火山
they can see behind me that there is a great crater in center
你可以看到我身后的巨大火山口中♥央♥
what is typical of ash cones.
非常典型的火山口
These volcanos have their differences with the Mercury ash cones.
这些火山口跟水星上会有所不同
Since mercury has less gravity, we would hope that
因为水星重力较小
ash cones that formed they would be much more ample and flat.
我们猜想会比较宽大和平整
All the volcanos make eruption when the pressure of the magma or melted rock
所有火山都是由于岩浆的压力的爆发
inside it is major that the force of the rock contains that it.
远远超过了岩石可以承受的力量
The pressure increases for two reasons:
有两个原因使压力增加:
too much magma and too much gas.
过多的岩浆或过多的气体
And when the pressure increases in a volcano
当火山里的压力增加时
usually it has a place to where going.
通常有出口使得压力得以释放
岩浆漫及表面,喷涌而出
Lava arrives at the surface and does eruption explosively
这里有一条管且道又有一个喷火源
you have a conduit area and you have what a fire source is called.
如果压力突然剧增
If the pressure is sufficiently great
这力量能使岩浆喷射100英尺[30米]高
its force can throw lava to more than 30 meters in the Earth.
但是,由于水星的弱小引力
But in Mercury, with a so low gravity
岩浆也许能喷到30层楼高
the source can send lava to 30 floors of height.
通过亚利桑那的这些死火山
Although these cones of ash in Arizona
我们人类相比水星火山虽然
they can illustrate our inheritance volcanic shared with Mercury
亲自见证过火山爆发
to be present at an eruption there personally
与死火山的形成
and to observe the cones of ash to form
却是一种完全不同的体验
it would be a experience totally different.
首先,由于没有大气,羽状烟尘和碎片
First, without atmosphere, a plume of ashen smoke and rubbish
不会飘散很广
they would not be scattered by the landscape.
这些物质直接进入深空
That material would go essentially
因为没有大气
to a space emptiness, then Mercury does not own atmosphere.
这些物质会散碎的多
That material would be broken much more.
在水星上,听不到火山爆发的轰鸣
In Mercury, either we could not to listen to the noisy eruption.
也是因为水星没有大气
Since Mercury does not own atmosphere
没有可以传播声音的介质
there is no form to transmit the sound, so if you were in Mercury
所以,如果你在水星上弹吉他,四弦琴或钢琴
and you would touch the guitar, ukulele or the piano
你什么也听不到
you would not listen to anything because
there is no atmosphere stops to transmit that sound.
这里没有大气传播声音
所以是完全寂静的
So there is a complete silence.
1974年,水手10号♥探测器仅仅只绘制了
In 1974, Mariner 10 only drilled 45_
45%的水星表面
of the Mercury surface in a flight mission.
30年后, NASA 发射了另一颗信使号♥空间探测器
Thirty years later, the NASA sent the spaceship Messenger.
它将绘制整个水星表面
The satellite will map all the planet
and it will transmit data to anxious scientists
发回给这些已经急不可待的
with a deluge of questions without answers.
有大量问题需要解决的科学家
急切地想看看水星的另一面不知道那里是怎样的
Desire to see the other side. I do not know what there is there
and that has bothered to me by 35 years.
这个已经烦扰我35年了
是否会跟我们看见的一面一致还是有许多不同寻常之处?
It is like the side that we saw or exists something usual and very little different?
尽管拿到这次探索的资料
But even with resources destined to the future exploration
of this wrinkled dwarf of the Solar System
太阳系这个又皱又小的水星最后
exactly how different or similars we are
实际无论多不同或多么相同
it could really be in the air.
我们依然会有更多的问题待解决
尽管水星和金星环境恶劣
In spite of the hard conditions in Mercury and Venus
进一步的观察显示其不如古代想象般美好
one more a nearer observation it reveals the good thing
只是又糟又丑的近日行星
bad and the ugly thing of inner planets.
宇宙如此广袤
The Universe is vast
而我们, 位于这个小点上
and here we are, seated in this small pin
但是我们并不孤独
but we are not isolate.
我们观察其他行星上发生的一切
We observe things that happen in those other planets
过去的恐怖可怕的变化
tremendously traumatic changes
发生于某个时期
in the past and that happened in a period of very short time
也可能发生于地球上
and that could happen in the Earth.
最后,我们越来越丰富的知识