宇宙（2007）

The Universe S01E14

Part 8 April 22, 2021, 8:14 p.m.

讽刺的是，大爆♥炸♥是Hoyle1949年，
during one of its popular ones radio transmissions.
在一个大众化的广播电台提出的。
Later it used the term like a irrisi髇.
他随后使用这个有嘲笑意义的术语。
I believe that there was misfortune in its relation.
我想他不喜欢他们之间的关系，
They did not watch the eyes when they said the things that thought.
他们谈事儿的时候目光都不接触。
So I believe that Hoyle initiated the worse one of the battles
我想他打了败仗。
And I believe that it fought more by its points of view
他治力于
of that they deserved these it, but that is a personal opinion.
他的观点被接受，但那是个人看法。
Fred was very shining and innovating, the ideas appeared to him with facility.
Fred是个非常聪敏，创新的人，我曾告他：
Some were very good and others were bad, and not always it knew which was which.
有人好有人坏，你只是不知道那个是那个。
For the Sixties
到了1960年，
little the accurate one considered of Hubble of the age of the Universe
哈勃估算出错的宇宙年龄问题
it had been corrected to reflect righter data.
已被精确测量的数据改正。
That solved one of the challenges of the theory of Big Bang.
解决了大爆♥炸♥理论的一个问题。
Nevertheless it seemed that the battle enters the Stationary state and Big Bang
看起来宇宙静态论和大爆♥炸♥之战
it would finish in a tie.
打了个平手。
By then, suddenly, scientists found the decisive test.
接着，突然，科学家找到了证据，
An almost so old one like the same Universe.
几乎和宇宙同期。
This discovery would condemn one of the theories to the waste basket of history.
这个发现将一个理论打入了历史的垃圾堆。
500年来，科学在探索我们的归属。
By 500 years, science has been in search of a where we belong.
The astronomers fought to solve the riddle of how everything began.
现在天文学家们尝试解开起始之谜。
Little they knew who the Universe was whispering the answer.
他们知道宇宙在轻轻地讲述，
Only that we could not listen to it.
我们只是没有听到而以。
That whisper took it forms of the heat surplus
宇宙讲述着热量的痕迹，
generated when the Universe it formed in an explosion.
那出生时产生的热量的痕迹，
Lemaitre预测的辐射，
The radiation predicted by George Lemaitre was there
but it had not had the instruments to prove it.
但我们没有工具收听。
1965年，科学家有了这个工具。
But in 1965, the scientists they had those instruments.
The remainder, the echo, the calm later of the storm of Big Bang
大爆♥炸♥的余波，回音，残留
he would be mesurable nowadays.
现在应该被测到。
But 2 decades would be needed
但用了20年，
before our instruments they would be sufficiently powerful
使设备足够强壮
in order to solve the theory of George Gamow and his students
到可以捕获Gamow和他的学生
about this residual radiation.
理论里提到的背景辐射。
The history of this radiation it is like the angular stone.
这个辐射的故事象个卡，
First we had George Gamow and its students.
首先有Gamow和他的学生。
They had formulated the theory, they had the numbers
他们有理论，有数据。
but they had not realised experimental verification.
但他们没有实验仪器。
Soon we had group of Princeton.
接着有普林斯顿团队。
They knew the work George Gamow, but they had very primitive instruments
他们知道Gamow理论,但只有原始设备
not sufficiently sensible.
不够灵敏。
The group of Princeton included to the physicist Robert Dicke
普林斯顿团队里有物理学家Robert Dicke
and some colleagues who supported the theory of Lemaitre
和支持Lemaitre理论的同事，
that they wanted to look for some solid tests.
希望找到确凿的证据。
My teacher, Bob Dicke, had the idea to look for this radiation
我的老师Bob Dicke, 有方法
residual of a great explosion.
寻找大爆♥炸♥留下的辐射。
It had two young brilliants working with him
有两个聪明的年青人为他工作，
Dave Wilkinson and Peter Roll.
Dave Wilkinson和Peter Roll.
It convinced to construct them a radiometer of Dicke to look for this radiation.
他说服他们做一个辐射表去找辐射。
It was a blow completely without information.
他也就是瞎碰。
But these two young people colleagues constructed one
这两年青人做了一个，
they aimed at the air
指向天空，
and they began the observation.
开始了寻找。
Then the news of its experiment it arrived at Bob Wilson and Arno Penzias.
从Bob Wilson和Arno Penzias处传来消息。
Penzias and Wilson were two scientists that they did not work
Penzias和Wilson是科学家，
in the theory of Big Bang
不是研究大爆♥炸♥的，
but in a communications satellite for the Bell labs
是给贝尔实验室搞卫星通讯的，
in Holmdel, New Jersey.
在新泽西的含德镇。
They were using the enormous one radio telescope of Bell
他们使用贝尔的巨大的无线电望远镜，
only that could not obtain a clear reading.
只是得不到清晰的电波，
Instead of that they only listened a static sound.
得到的是静噪。
The nature of this is that it is a noise at random.
随机噪音是正常的。
And the sound was very similar to which you would perceive
噪音非常象是
if you tuned the television or the radio in a nonexistent station.
把收音机或电视放在空频道上。
We could not see what we hoped.
我们不想要这个。
Then the antenna was receiving more radiation of the awaited one.
天线接收的电波太多了。
Our clear answer was that it must have something irregular
有人说我这儿有什么错了。
since we were perceiving all this extraordinary noise.
听到特殊的噪音，
What was this strange noise?
这强噪音怎么会事儿？
And from where it came?
哪来的?
It was a nomadic interference of the neighborhoods of the city of New York?
旁边纽约市来的干扰？
Signals of the airport?
飞机的信♥号♥♥？
Excrement of birds that had fallen within the bugle of the telescope?
鸽子拉在天线里啦?
We did not have doubts with respect to the physics.
我们不怀疑物理学，.
What wants that outside, it had to come from some side.
不管从哪里，肯定有来源。
But in fact we did not have nor idea of where it could come, we did not know anything.
但我真没主意这是啥。
In fact, these mysterious ones radiations came from all parts.
说实话，噪音来自各个方向，
Of all directions and of each corner of the space.
天上的每个角度每个角落。
For Penzias and Wilson it was a madness.
Penzias和Wilson快疯了。
But Penzias and Wilson without knowing it they had found
但他们不知道他们找到了
Dicke和他的同事要找的东西，
what Dicke and its colleagues they had been looking for.
Gamow, Alpher和Lemaitre 预言的东西。
What Gamow, Alpher and Lemaitre had predicted.
They had found the decisive test
他们找到了证据，
that it demonstrated that Universe was not eternal.
证明宇宙不是永恒的。
The source was the creation of the Universe, famous Big Bang.
宇宙的创造动力是大爆♥炸♥。
Penzias and Wilson and the equipment of Princeton
Penzias和Wilson与普林斯顿团队
they published its findings in separated tests
分别发布了他们的成果
in the Newspaper of Astrophysics in 1965.
于1965，天文学新论文。
Its investigation squashed the theory of the stationary state of Hoyle.
他们的研究一夜之间粉碎了Hoyle的宇宙静态论。
Finally, Big Bang fitted in the puzzle of the Universe.
最终大爆♥炸♥理论适于宇宙的谜团。
Our modern theory of Big Bang is a remarkable profit
现代的大爆♥炸♥理论是显著的成就，
that it allows us to make a model
是我们可以建立模型
than it was the Universe when everything
看看宇宙是什么样的。
it was only a fraction of secondly of antiquity.
回到一切刚发生了的一瞬间，
And it was dragged to immense densidades and temperatures.
高度压缩的质量和温度，
And of that first very dense state
形成了早期的密致状态，
we can include/understand in main lines
我们可以理解，勾出轮廓，
how the Universe it expanded and I cool off
宇宙是如何爆♥炸♥的，冷却的，
the first atoms
什么状态下第一个原子形成的，
how in one more a more delayed stage the first structures formed
什么状态下第一个结构形成的，
and the first stars, galaxies, planets and finally people.
生成早期的星球，星系，进而行星和人类。
1966年在布拉格的医院里，
In a hospital in Belgium in 1966
Lemaitre高兴得看到新闻。
the dying George Lemaitre one rejoiced with the news.
It was not only.
不止这些。
Gamow和他的团队也在喜悦中。
It widens Gamow and its equipment also they felt just.
We had been arguing a point of different view about the Universe
我们曾为对宇宙的不同观点而气愤，
and there am that point of view there different it seemed to be the correct one.
支持不同观点里貌似正确的一个。
So that was like a vindication.
总会被证实的。
On the other hand in the discovery
为了他们的发现，
Penzias and Wilson won the Nobel prize of physics in 1978.
Penzias和Wilson赢了1978年的诺贝尔奖。
Although the theory of the state stationary of Hoyle
Hoyle的宇宙静态论，
it had fallen in misfortune
不再是人们的话题。
its theory of the nucleos韓tesis it was not rejected.
他的核聚变理论未被抛弃。
Although the majority of the scientists they are in agreement with which the Hydrogen
大部分科学家同意氢
and most of the Helium was created at the beginning of Big Bang
和大部分的氦由大爆♥炸♥产生，
as Gamow believed to it
象Gamow所说的。
the other heavy elements like Nitrogen and Carbon
所有的其他元素象氮和碳是随后产生于
in the centers of stars and in explosions of superNovas.
超星爆♥炸♥中的核心里，
Since Hoyle had suggested.
象Hoyle所建议的一样。
In essence, as much Gamow as Hoyle were in the correct thing.
本质上讲，Gamow和Hoyle都正确。
In spite of the vindication partisan of its nucleos韓tesis
尽管核聚变部分验证，
Hoyle, that passed away in the 2001
死于2001年的Hoyle,
it never accepted Big Bang.
始终不接受大爆♥炸♥理论。
It could not understand why people were so enthusiastic
他不明白为什么人们都很热衷于
with respect to a Universe that it had a finite beginning in which it supposed
宇宙中有一个有限的开端，
that he was the past recent, a few thousands of million years.
发生在数亿年前。
Simply it accepted never it.
他只是不接受这个。
But the rest of the physical community, almost of unanimous way
但除他之外的物理界全体一致地
it accepted this theory.
接受这个理论。
The fact that there are shortage that was a beginning
宇宙有起点这个事实，
it allows us to formulate a series to us of questions about how everything began.