里根夫妇（2020）

today, the emphasis was upon a different approach.
今天，重点是不同的态度。
They made no excuse of the fact that the rich folks
他们不必为富人在这里的事实找借口，
were here and the...And the wealthy Republicans.
而且…还有富有的共和党人。
They were having a good time.This was their day in the...
他们弹冠相庆。他们现在可以…
In the sun.
无忧无虑了。
You could look out across that crowd
好像，你只能在人群中看到
and see very, very few minorities.
极少数的少数族裔。
[trumpets playing triumphant music]
[奏着胜利音乐的小号♥]
[Lopez] For Ronald Reagan,
[洛佩兹] 对罗纳德·里根来说，
the point of power was to convince Americans
权力的意义在于说服美国人
to turn against government,
反对政♥府♥，
to build popular support for policies
为最终有利于企业和富人的政策
（伊恩.哈尼.洛佩兹，公共法学教授）
that ultimately helped corporations and the very rich.
赢得民众支持。
[band playing Hail to the Chief]
[乐队奏起《向领袖致敬》乐曲]
[cannon firing]
[鸣礼炮]
[Lopez] One way to do that was to describe government
[洛佩兹] 其中一种方法是，将政♥府♥描述为
as a threat to all of us.
对我们所有人的威胁。
In this present crisis,government is not the solution
在当前的危机中，政♥府♥不是
to our problem.
解决问题的办法。
Government is the problem.
政♥府♥本身就是个问题。
[Shearer] That was an incredibly influential
[希勒] 这是一个非常有影响力的
bit of political propaganda.
政♥治♥宣传。
Government is the problem.
政♥府♥本身就是个问题。
Because on the face of it,it's absolutely not true.
因为从表面上看，这绝对不是真的。
It's a myth,
这是一个神话，
but it's a convenient myth for the powerful.
但这是一个讨好权贵的神话。
[Wiley] This rhetoric about small government
[威利] 这种关于小政♥府♥的言论
represented a concerted strategic effort
代表了富人一致的战略性的企图，
by the wealthy to expand their wealth and their power
以扩大他们的财富、权力
and their privilege
和特权，
and convince the American public
并让美国公众相信
（玛雅.威利，民权活动家及律师）
that it was good for them.
这对老百姓是有好处的。
（玛雅.威利，民权活动家及律师）
[man] Ladies and gentlemen,
[男声] 女士们先生们，
the President of the United States
欢迎美国总统
and Mrs. Reagan.
和里根夫人。
[Kelley] They had in Ronald Reagan
[凯莉] 他们在罗纳德·里根身上找到了
（凯蒂.凯莉，南茜.里根的传记作家）
the perfect vehicle to take their gospel forward.
把他们的福音信条，向前推进的完美载体。
But he wasn't just a Manchurian Candidate.
但他不只是一个“满洲候选人”。
（被洗了头脑的候选人）
He believed it.
他相信这点。
[cheers and applause]
[欢呼与掌声]
[Alter] Reagan's presidency marked a turning point
[阿尔特] 里根的总统任期，标志着美国政♥治♥的
in American politics.
一个转折点。
It represented a massive shift of economic power
它代表了该国经济权力的
in the country.
巨大转移。
A toast.
干杯。
[applause]
[掌声]
serious music plays
[严肃音乐响起]
[Brinkley] Have you thought about the fact
[布林克利] 你有没有想过，
that the last president who tried really seriously
上一位真正认真地试图
to change the course of the American economy
大幅改变美国经济进程的总统是
in a substantial way was Franklin Roosevelt in 1933?
1933年执政的富兰克林·罗斯福?
No one has tried since then?
从那以后就没人试过了?
Well, without saying anything about those who followed,
好吧，不提那些追随他的人，
it is true, and isn't it somewhat comparative today
这是真实历史，但在今天看来，
that he came in at a kind
他当时是在一种
of watershed time when the people said
转折时期上任的，当时人们说，
"We cannot continue on this path.
“我们不能继续走这条老路了。
We have to try something"?
我们必须得试一试”?
And he was willing, uh, to try.
罗斯福也愿意试。
[birds chirping]
[鸟叫声]
calm orchestral music plays
[平缓的管弦乐声响起]
[man] The atmosphere has changed.
[男声] 氛围不一样了。
Sure, there's still a good deal of unemployment around,
当然，周围仍然有很多人失业，
but now many who are working have the five-day week,
但现在很多人每周工作五天，
and more important,
更重要的是，
the feeling of imminent disaster,
灾难迫在眉睫的感觉，
the fear of economic collapse is gone.
以及对经济崩溃的恐惧都消失了。
[FDR] I pledge myself
[富兰克林.德拉诺.罗斯福] 我承诺
to a New Deal for the American people.
为美国人♥民♥实行“新政”。
[crowd cheering]
[群众欢呼声]
[Alter] To help the country in the Great Depression,
[阿尔特] 为了帮助国家度过“大萧条”，
President Roosevelt proposed a new social contract...
罗斯福总统提出了一项新的社会契约...
A New Deal between the people and the government.
在政♥府♥和人♥民♥之间的一系列新的政策。
[Lopez] FDR understood that the economy is outside
[洛佩兹] 罗斯福明白，经济是任何个人都
of the control of any one individual,
无法控制的，
so we need government to actively intervene
所以我们需要政♥府♥积极干预市场，
in the marketplace to help all of us.
帮助我们所有人。
[Wiley] It was investments in things like
[威利] 它是在对失业保险、
unemployment insurance,Social Security,
社会保障、联邦政♥府♥支持的
mortgage lending backed by the federal government,
抵押贷款、工会的创建等方面的
the creation of labor unions...
增加投资…
Those are the things that created the middle class.
正是这些新政，造就了中产阶级。
[Johnson] Prior to The Great Depression,
[约翰逊] 在大萧条之前，
most Americans were poor.
大多数美国人都很穷。
The only middle class in America were people
美国唯一的中产阶级是
who had businesses,who owned shops.
有生意的人，开商店的人。
（杰森.约翰逊，政♥治♥学家）
It was literally the New Deal that gave America
正是新政给了美国
the opportunity to build a middle class.
建立中产阶级的机会。
[Shearer] Ronald Reagan's family
[希勒] 罗纳德·里根的家庭
was supported and helped by New Deal programs,
得到了新政项目的支持和帮助，数百万美国人也得到了
as were millions of Americans.
支持和帮助。
[man] I have the sense that not everything
[男声] 我有一种感觉，
that has happened since the New Deal is bad,
新政以来发生的事情，并非都是坏事，
and I can't believe that you think everything is...
我不敢相信，你认为一切都是坏事……
You can't believe that unemployment...
你不能相信失业…
- No. - ...Insurance and...
—没有。 -…保险和…
No. But what I have to say is that some of those things
不。但我不得不说的是，其中一些事情
would be done better at the private sector.
在私营部门会做得更好。
Some could be done better at the local sector.
有些地方部门可以做得更好。
But what's good that they've done?
但他们做了什么好事呢?
Come on.
说吧。
[Scheer] The whole point of that interview
[希尔] 这次采访的重点
is he's denying his own family's experience,
是他在否认自己家庭的经历，
that government intervention certainly was essential,
否认政♥府♥的干预是必要的，
and he became a hypocrite.
他变成了一个伪君子。
We spread across this land building farms
我们在这片土地上建立农场、
and towns and cities and we did it
城镇和城市，
without any federal land planning program
我们没有任何联邦土地规划项目或
or urban renewal.
城市更新项目。
[Lopez] One of the foundational myths
美国最基本的神话之一
（1953年，环球影业的《法律与秩序》）
of the United States is always the frontier...
就是边疆…
[horse blusters]
[马喷气声]
the rugged individual who took care of himself,
一个坚强的人，他能照顾自己，
and what it said was real men don't need government.
他说的是，真正的男人从不需要政♥府♥。
They'll stand on their own two feet,
他们会自力更生，
and if they fail...
如果他们失败了…
they'll have the virtue to die quietly
他们会无怨无悔地
without complaining.
安静死去。
But the frontier was never that way.
但边疆荒野地区，从来都不是这样的。
The frontier was a collective enterprise.
边疆是一个需要合作的事业。
[motor sputters]
[马达噼啪声]
[buzzing]
[锯子嗡嗡声]
[Cannon] What is missing from the picture
[坎农] 影片中缺少的是
is what the government did,
政♥府♥所做的事情，
（卢.坎农，里根的传记作家）
particularly the building of the railroad,
特别是铁路的建设，
which is what opens the West,but also telegraph lines,
它开♥发♥了西部，还有架设了电报线路，