第一人称视角射击游戏 终极纪录片（2023）

《悬浮坦克》的墙壁仍然是固定平面阴影
And Hovertank, the walls were still solid, flat, shaded.
说实话我还是解决不了透视化材质贴图的某些问题
You know, I honestly still hadn’t worked out some of the issues with perspective texture mapping.
显然我想用《墓穴3D》解决它们
That was obviously the next thing that I wanted to do with Catacombs 3D.
透镜做《创世纪: 地下世界》做了一年 当时我们还完全没做材质贴图
So, they were still making Ultima Underworld for a whole year while we did nothing about texture mapping.
后来我们制♥作♥了带有材质贴图的《墓穴3D》
And then, we made Catacomb 3D with texture mapping
比他们发布《创世纪: 地下世界》早了半年
half a year before they released Ultima Underworld,
卡马克在 SoftDisk 编写的第一款游戏是《墓穴》 所以我们知道关卡的样子等等
because John Carmack’s first game that he wrote at SoftDisk was Catacombs, we knew what the levels looked like and everything.
只需要制♥作♥材质 用3D重做一遍
We just had to make textures and just do it all in 3D.
从美工的角度看很酷 你可以画更大的图了
From an artist’s perspective, it was really cool, because you could do larger pieces of artwork
我很喜欢中间那只手 它真的是我的手 我的手模
I really liked the hand, which is actually my hand, my own hand model.
手的显示达成了两个目的 既是武器指示
Having the hand present, it serves dual purposes. It’s both an indicator of what your current weapon is,
又能显示屏幕中心作为不完全的瞄准辅助
and it’s at least showing you the center of the screen as a partial aiming help.
我们花了一阵子讨论是否要加入瞄准点或者十字线
You know, it took us a while to get, have the debates about whether you have an actual aiming dot or reticle on there,
争论“没有它们是不是更真实? 虽然会让人们瞄准更费劲”
and there were arguments about ‘Is it more realistic if you don’t have that? Even if though it's more frustrating for people to aim.’
有些讨论一直持续到今天
Some of those debates continue to rage to this day.
因为手真的像是你伸手进入这片空间 对吧?
Because it really is as though you’re reaching into this space, right?
它是你在这个世界中的一部分
And there’s a part of you that’s in that world.
我喜欢的另一个游戏机制是按住鼠标按键蓄力 它其实很好玩
And I also like the game mechanics of it where you hold down your mouse button for more power. It was actually a pretty fun game.
这两款游戏都没有像后来的游戏我那样达到让我引以为豪的完美境地
You know, in both cases, neither one of those games got to the absolute sort of rock solid perfection that I was very proud of in, in our later games.
不过我们还是在极大的时间压力下完成了它们 很好玩的
But, you know, we still got them out under the gun with really high time pressure and they were fun.
只有少数幸运儿可以边玩边工作 同时赚取收入
There are a lucky few who get to play at work and make it pay.
达拉斯附近的某处也许会发生类似的故事
Now, a similar story may be unfolding near Dallas.
1992年的圣诞节假期刚过 团队便回到工作岗位
At the beginning of 1992, we had just come back from Christmas vacation,
着手制♥作♥《指挥官基恩》的第七作
and we started working on Commander Keen 7.
那时我们刚花六个月
We spent six months
1991年的六个月 连续做了三款《指挥官基恩》
last year in 1991, we spent six months making three Commander Keen games
现在却要再花一年时间出新作 我当时想:
and now we’re going to, what, spend another year or something? I was like,
不行 不能这样 再做下去我要吐了
‘I can’t. I can’t do it. I am just sick of making Keen.’
我们应该做一款新的3D游戏 但这一次 要有枪
I was like, ‘We should make another 3D gun; this time, with guns in it.’
我向团队提议: “为什么不做一款3D版的《德军总部》呢?”
I said, ‘Why don’t we just make a 3D version of Castle Wolfenstein?’
他们的反应是: “对啊! 早干嘛去了!”
And they’re like, ‘Oh my god, that’s exactly the right idea.’
Apple Ⅱ上的《德军总部》为我们留下了非常美好的回忆
All of us had very fond memories of Castle Wolfenstein on the Apple II.
《德军总部》真的与众不同
Castle Wolfenstein was super unique.
当时即使算上Apple Ⅱ 也没有一款设定在纳粹巢穴里的游戏
There weren’t any other games, even on the Apple II, that were set in the Nazi dungeon.
它是最早的潜行游戏 你要悄悄地接近并劫持巡逻的守卫
It was the first stealth game. You’re trying to see if you can hold up guards without them making noise,
然后射杀他们 搜刮他们 穿上他们的防弹背心
shoot ‘em, search ‘em, put on their bulletproof vest.
你还可以拖动尸体 以防它们引起其他守卫的注意
Or you could drag bodies around corners, and guards could site on corpses and go into alert states.
但是 比这更有趣的
But, it was so obviously more fun to
则是直接拉出掩体 向敌人倾泻子弹
whip around a corner and just unload the machine gun.
我们做游戏时会马不停蹄地把游戏玩上好几百遍
While we’re making a game, we’re playing the game hundreds of times a day, like it is nonstop.
你要在游玩过程中不断地体会 并且思考:
You’re, like, running it to see how it feels and,
我刚才做的内容在游戏里的表现如何?
‘Did this thing that I just made look good in the game?’
于是我们便把握住了游戏的核心循环
So, like, we’re used to the basic core loop,
也就是开枪打敌人 敌人倒地
just shooting people and making ‘em lay down and
然后开门 向关卡深处前进
opening doors and just, like, running through the thing
精妙的设计往往需要花费大量的心血
Designing something truly elegant is one of the hardest things to do.
当你将游戏打磨至只剩关键部分
Once you pare things down to only what needs to be there,
你的游戏也会变得更纯粹 更耐玩
it becomes something much purer and more enjoyable.
《德军总部3D》第一人称视角下的动作非常流畅
Wolfenstein 3D presented a first person perspective with a very fast action.
约翰将引擎调校得非常好
John had programmed the engine so well
只需一台 CRT 显示器和一张 VGA 显卡
that on a CRT monitor with a VGA card,
能让游戏的帧数达到 70
it went 70 frames a second.
运行起来非常流畅 接着我们加入鼠标操作
It was super fast, and then we put mouse movement in there
按住鼠标右键 你就能以惊人的速度转向
and, holding the second mouse button, you could strafe unbelievable fast
比其他游戏都要快 非常惊艳
faster than in any game. Still, it was insane.
让玩家四处剿灭纳粹 以及军犬这个设计
An idea that you were running around shooting Nazies, that there were guard dogs,
比如它们进食的动画和场景中的狗盆之类的物件
you know, eating and bowls of food and, like, all of this stuff
此前没人在游戏里见过
that nobody had really ever seen before in a game.
在当时 能够进行录音可太让人兴奋了
You know, actually being able to record sounds was exciting.
譬如德军死亡时的尖叫
The German death screams
或是敌人警戒时发出的惊呼
or alert screams of the people coming at you.
Apple Ⅱ上的《德军总部》属于最早一批带语♥音♥输出的游戏
Castle Wolfenstein on the Apple II was one of the first things that had any kind of voice output on the game.
那些刺耳 难听的纳粹语♥音♥
Those scratchy, awful Nazi voices
依旧很新鲜 并且给我们留下深刻的印象
But, it still made a difference, and it’s stuck in everyone's memory.
《德军总部3D》也一样
And then, very much with Wolfenstein 3D,
德军的语♥音♥大多由汤姆和约翰录制
having the German voices which was largely Tom and John
他们俩要对着麦克风怪叫一通
just kind of saying things into the microphone.
说个忧伤的故事: 我有过一本韦氏词典
Here’s the sad story: I had a Webster’s dictionary.
大学版的 它的附录里有几页很薄很薄的
college dictionary. In the back of it were, like, really thin
外语翻译词典
language translation dictionaries.
一页是西班牙语 一页是意大利语 还有一页德语
So, there’s one for Spanish, you know, Italian, and one for German.
我的妹妹在高中选修德语 我听她说过几句
My sister took German in high school, so I’d heard some of it.
把它们加起来就是团队当时的德语水平
That’s about all the German knowledge we had in the team.
然后我就开始翻词典 把感叹词都找出来
So, I just went through that whole dictionary, and I just found all the interjections.
“My life!”就是“Mein Leben!”“好 我们就用这句”
‘My life!’ Okay, ‘Mein Leben!' ‘Okay, they’ll use that one.’
我把所有感叹词都记下来 接着进行录音
And I just wrote all the interjections down, and we just recorded those.
真正有趣的是 他们没有用一根常规的
What really stood out was, instead of just showing just a conventional
能量条来显示角色的血量
energy meter at the bottom to show your health,
而是让角色在受伤时直接满脸是血
you’d actually see the character’s face starting to bleed and cause damage.
他的形象和基恩一样 很自然地出现在我的脑海里
He just popped into my head like Keen popped into my head.
他的名字是 “哔——B.J.布莱兹科维奇”“现在叫——威廉·乔瑟夫”
It was just like, ‘His name’s, bleep, B.J. Blazkowicz’ and now, okay, ‘He’s probably William Joseph,
“布莱兹科维奇”听着很炸 不觉得吗
Blazkowicz sounded blasty,’ you know?
射穿一堆纳粹其实挺爽的
It was fine to bloody up a bunch of Nazis. That was
还蛮酷的
That was kind of cool.
那些胸前顶着一把枪的僵尸看起来也很搞笑
Those zombie guys with the gun in their chest was pretty silly.
让人难受的是德国牧羊犬 因为我喜欢德牧
The hardest thing was the German Shepherds. I love German Shepherds,
我感到很难过
so that was really tough for me,
德牧被枪杀的画面让人感觉糟透了
drawing the German Shepherd getting shot and dying. Well, that sucks.
我这辈子就画这一次吧
I only have to draw that once
对于希♥特♥勒♥ 我们想把他设计成一个多阶段的敌人
With Hitler, we wanted to have a multi-stage character.
至少要让他比其他杂兵更厉害才对
We wanted him to be, like, tougher than just one of the other guards in the game.
于是我们想: 让他穿一身机甲怎么样? 让他双持加特林
So, ‘Well, why don’t we put him in a mech suit? Like he’ll be gunning you down with
向玩家开火 这样玩家就要一个劲地躲
two Gatling guns at the same time, and now you’re going to be hiding most of the time.
然后我们又想: 在这上面再加一层怎么样?
And then we thought, ‘You know what? Let’s add another layer to this.
让玩家先杀几只幽灵希♥特♥勒♥
Let’s make ghostly Hitlers that you see beforehand.’
你要去杀这些浮空的 穿着长袍的希♥特♥勒♥
So, you’re trying to shoot these other Hitlers that you see kind of floating above the ground with the robes on,
它们死的时候会像欧比旺·克诺比那样死不见尸
and, when you shoot them, it’s like Obi Wan Kenobi just falling into a pile of nothing, right? He disappears.
那么你要先清理掉这些幽灵希♥特♥勒♥
And so, you’re basically destroying all of these ghost Hitlers that are around
在决战中再见到本尊 他会大喊“去死吧 同盟军的杂种!”
until you finally see, you know, ‘Die, Allied Schweinehund!’
“去死吧 同盟军的杂种!”
Die, Allied Schweinehund!
击破他的机甲外衣以后
At the very end. And then, when you shoot all the mech stuff off of him,
他便会正常地跑来跑去向你开火
now, he’s running, shooting at you, you know, because his suit just, you know, just came apart,
这时你才能取他性命 他会在死时化作一摊烂肉
and then you finally kill him there, and he just dissolves in a pile of gore.
“永别了”
Auf wiedersehen
我当时决定: 我就把希♥特♥勒♥画成
I decided, ‘Alright, I’m just gonna turn Hitler into this
一坨恶心的肉泥吧
disgusting pile of goo.
他的血肉和内脏直接化成浆糊
You know, intestines and everything just pfft.
“永别了”
Auf wiedersehen.
我们觉得这个结局不错 你会在结局“耶!”地跳起来
And we thought it was a really good ending and, plus, you’re like, ‘Yeah!’
“耶!”
Yeah!
耶 真的很爽
Yeah, that was good.
我们设计狼堡的关卡的时候 一边删减一边想:
When we were making the levels for Wolfenstein, and we’re blowing stuff up and, like,
为了让游戏更好玩 我们删掉了很多东西
‘Okay, well, guess what? We removed all this stuff to make this game really fun
玩法循环也都正常 但好像还缺点什么
and to focus on the core but, now, it’s missing something.
然后我们就想起做《指挥官基恩》的时候
And, when we had made all these Commander Keen games,
那些游戏里有彩蛋 有秘密 狼堡缺的就是这个
These games had Easter eggs in them. They had secrets, and it was missing that.
游戏在开♥发♥过程中最令我印象深刻的
What I really most in those guys was the fun and the,
是带有“局中局”色彩的地方 就比如那些能推的墙壁
the kind of games within the games like, for example, about the push walls.
你能在某些墙壁的后面找到彩蛋
You know, this little Easter egg that you could walk up to a wall and,
你只要走对位置就能进入秘密房♥间
if you pushed in the right spot, it would reveal a secret room.
然后他就和约翰说: “有没有办法让玩家推墙”
So, he told John, like, ‘Is there any way that we could push the wall
“然后在墙后放一片隐藏区域 那样会很好玩”
and it reveals a secret area? That would be really cool.’
约翰起初不想这么做 因为他给渲染引擎编的代码非常简洁
John didn’t want to do it because, the way that he had written the rendering engine, was, like,very clean,
这么做会破坏完美
and to do that would be a hack.
新加入的代码和原始代码不会很兼容
They wouldn’t work well with the code that he wrote.
一名系统架构关卡程序员能做的最难得
One of the most valuable and hardest things for a
同时也是最艰难的决定之一是向某个特色说不
systems architect level programmer to do is say no to features
到最后 你不会再去钻研更简洁的代码或是更高的帧数
In the end, it’s not about having a clean code base or having high frames per second.
而是追求向用户传递更多的体验
It’s about delivering value to the users.
如果结果是好的 那我愿意糟蹋代码
I’m willing to go make a mess in the code if it’s gonna really pay off.