转折点：原子弹与冷战（2024）

Turning Point: The Bomb and the Cold War S01E06

Part 4 March 18, 2024, 3:47 p.m.

determined to follow the trail west.
一夜之间的总人数...
The overnight total...
他们陆续到来
They're constantly arriving.
我想大概有二百人吧差不多吧我们也不知道到底来了多少人
I think 200 probably, something like this. We don't know exactly how many are coming.
匈牙利人在那一刻迈出了大胆的一步他们打开铁丝网
Hungarians took a bold step at that moment and opened the fence,
准许数百名所谓的"难民"
and allowed hundreds of these "refugees"
从东德向西德而去
from East Germany to go west.
在履行华沙条约义务...
Faced with a choice between its Warsaw Pact obligations,
（1989年9月11日）
...和改善与西德的关系之间匈牙利选择了西德
and better relations with the West, Hungary has chosen the West.
匈牙利意识到要使其经济改革取得成功
Hungary realizes that for the success of its economic reforms,
他们确实需要西德的财政、经济和政♥治♥支持
it really needs West German financial, economic, and political support.
尤其令我震惊的是这些年轻人的无畏精神...
It was astounding to me how fearless the young people were,
（丹尼尔·比斯卡普摄影师）
...以及他们在这条路上找到的快乐
and the joy they found in taking this path.
（东德难民抵达西德）
这一路历尽艰辛尤其是经过匈牙利到达奥地利
You have a hemorrhage coming out, particularly through Hungary at Austria,
后来又有走捷克斯洛伐克的
but then through Czechoslovakia.
东德当局迫于巨大的压力
And the East German authorities are coming on immense pressure
不得不对此有所行动
to do something about this.
与此同时东德人正在鼓起勇气
Simultaneously, the East Germans are gaining their courage,
许多人说："我不想离开
many of them saying, "I don't want to leave."
我不想住在西德
"I don't want to live in West Germany."
我是撒克逊人或者图林根人我想留在这里"
"I'm a Saxon or a Thuringian. I want to stay here."
（艾森纳赫）
人们开始举♥行♥小型示♥威♥游♥行♥
And you start getting small demonstrations,
尤其是在莱比锡和德累斯顿口号♥是："我们要留在这里
particularly in Leipzig and Dresden, with people saying, "Wir bleiben hier."
我们要留在这里我们不走"
"We're staying here. We're not leaving."
（圣尼古拉斯教堂德国莱比锡）
莱比锡市中心的圣尼古拉斯教堂
The Church of St. Nicholas in central Leipzig,
是日益壮大的异见人士运动的聚集地
focus of the growing dissident movement,
从当天早些时候起就聚集了很多教堂会众
drew together its congregation from early in the day.
他们从东德各地来到这里
They had traveled here from all parts of East Germany.
到了晚祷时间
By the time of evening prayers,
这里和全市其他四座教堂的过道都挤满了人
the aisles were packed here and at four other churches across the city,
这表明新教神职人员在寻求更大民♥主♥的过程中
a sign of the central role the Protestant clergy are playing
发挥着核心作用
in the search for greater democracy.
对此一直存在争议
This has always been debated.
教会或神职人员能在多大程度上涉足政♥治♥呢?
How political is the Church or the clergy allowed to be?
（罗夫·迈克尔·图雷克莱比锡牧师 1984-1997）
耶稣说："你必须慷慨地发挥自己的才能
Jesus said, "You have to be generous with your talents."
你应该加以利用而不是将之埋葬"
"You should use them, not bury them."
这意味着我们的电♥话♥
Which means our telephone
可以供通讯小组使用
can be used by the communications group.
我们的印刷机可以用来印传♥单♥
With our printing machine, leaflets are printed.
（圣尼古拉斯教堂展出的政♥治♥传♥单♥）
教会给了我们一个栖身之所
The church gave us a roof over our heads.
每逢星期一教堂里都会举♥行♥祈祷和平的仪式
On Mondays, there was a prayer for peace in the church.
祈祷完毕再去街上
And after that, going on the street.
对我来说莱比锡一直是一个非常国际化的城市
To me, Leipzig has always been a very cosmopolitan city
因为这里一年举办两次博览会
because two times a year, they had a fair.
国际博览会
An international fair.
国际媒体云集
There was the international press.
（1989年9月）
他们设法组织几百人直接走出教堂
And they managed to go to the street with a few hundred people,
到大街上去
straight out of the church.
（开放的土地自♥由♥的人♥民♥）
这条横幅只展示了五秒钟
This banner was shown for five seconds,
然后就被史塔西抢走了
then the Stasi took it away.
蠢猪!
Pigs!
史塔西滚出去!
Stasi out! Stasi out! Stasi out! Stasi out! Stasi out!
这类示♥威♥活动正在逐渐增多
These demonstrations, they're gradually building up.
来自柏林卡尔·马♥克♥思♥大街的观众朋友们大家好
Good day, spectators from Berlin's Karl Marx Avenue.
10月7日已过去十小时...
The tenth hour has ended on this 7th of October,
（国♥庆♥日东柏林 1989年10月7日）
...德意志民♥主♥共和国的公民
which citizens of the German Democratic Republic
将以各种方式庆祝这一天
will celebrate in a variety of ways.
在成千上万绝望的东德公民
Against the backdrop of thousands of its desperate citizens
逃往西德的背景下
fleeing to the West,
年事已高的东德共♥产♥党领导层
the aging leadership of the East German Communist Party
今天举办了一场庆典庆祝他们执政40周年
threw a party today to celebrate their 40th year in power.
在受邀嘉宾中最能代表东欧国家变革的人物
Among the honored guests was the man who most symbolizes change in East Bloc nations,
就是苏联♥总♥统米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫
Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev.
10月7日东柏林举♥行♥了盛大的庆祝活动
On the 7th of October, there were celebrations in East Berlin,
庆祝东德成立40周年
40 years of the GDR.
在东德成立周年之际
On the occasion of the anniversary of the GDR,
埃里希·昂纳克和米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫终于有机会
Erich Honecker and Mikhail Gorbachev have the opportunity
继续就两国社♥会♥主♥义♥建设问题
to continue their exchange of views
交换了意见
on questions of socialist construction in both countries.
一位发言人说："他没有特别提到难民危机
"He did not specifically mention the refugee crisis," said a spokesman,
但他鼓吹改革
"but he preached reform."
这是一位领导人发出的友善警告
"A friendly warning from a leader who knows all too well
他非常清楚那些抵♥制♥变革的人的下场"
what happens to those who resist change."
我相信危险正等着那些对现实世界毫无反应的人
I believe danger awaits those who do not react to the real world.
昂纳克听后回答说
Honecker listened and responded
他正在努力深化自己的革命理想
that he is working to strengthen his revolutionary ideals.
翻译过来就是 "我还是按自己的方式来吧谢谢"
Translation, "I'll just keep doing it my way, thanks."
埃里希·昂纳克和戈尔巴乔夫最终陷入冲突
Erich Honecker and Gorbachev end up in conflict,
这让东德政♥权♥十分尴尬
and it's embarrassing to the East German regime
因为本国国民纷纷走上街头高呼："戈比! "
because its own citizens are going on the street chanting, "Gorby, Gorby!"
戈比!
Gorby! Gorby! Gorby! Gorby! Gorby!
他们想要更多这种精神他们想要改革
They want more of that spirit. They want reforms.
而他们的领导人埃里希·昂纳克却不想兑现这些
And their own leader, Erich Honecker, doesn't want to deliver those.
戈尔巴乔夫离开柏林已有四小时
It's now four hours since Gorbachev left Berlin,
警方仍在努力控制街上的人群
and the police are still struggling to control crowds on the streets.
他说戈尔巴乔夫想给我们指明道路但昂纳克拒绝了
He said Gorbachev tried to show us the way, but Honecker rejected it.
整个周♥年♥庆♥周末警♥察♥和示♥威♥者之间冲突不断
The entire anniversary weekend has been marked by clashes
后者呼吁建立一个更加自♥由♥的社会
between police and demonstrators calling for a freer society.
10月7日国♥庆♥日那天
October 7, the Day of the Republic,
到处都是国旗和游♥行♥什么的
there were flags and demonstrations and so on.
然后我突然大哭起来
And I burst into tears.
我哭得很伤心心想："总得有人做点什么吧"
I had a crying fit and thought, "Somebody has to change something."
然后我意识到我必须参加10月9日的游♥行♥
And then I realized I have to go to this demonstration on October 9th.
关键时刻是10月9日的莱比锡
The crucial moment is on October 9th in Leipzig,
那里的气氛非常紧张
where the tension was enormously high.
（西格伯特·谢夫克东德卧底记者）
我为西德电视台做过大约25篇报道
I made around 25 reports for Western television.
（阿♥拉♥姆·拉多姆斯基谢夫克的合作伙伴）
齐吉·谢夫克和阿♥拉♥姆·拉多姆斯基
Ziggy Schefke and Aram Radomski,
他们基本上是与西德的一位朋友合作
they're basically working together with a friend in the West.
他们的朋友会偷运摄像设备和录像带给他们
Their friend would smuggle them camera equipment and videotapes.
他们的朋友在新闻频道工作
Their friend worked at a news channel,
然后他们会把录像带偷偷运回去再由他们的朋友播出
then they would smuggle the tapes out and their friend would broadcast them.
（东柏林）
（西格伯特·谢夫克的公♥寓♥ 东柏林）
10月9日我们开车去了莱比锡
And on the 9th of October, we drove to Leipzig.
我们从军方车队旁驶过
And we passed military convoys.
我们从士兵旁驶过
We passed soldiers.
那是一支由20辆装满士兵的卡车组成的庞大军方车队
A huge military convoy with 20 trucks with soldiers.
阿♥拉♥姆说："他们也要去莱比锡"
And Aram said, "They're also going to Leipzig."
东德政♥权♥曾考虑过上演德国版的天♥安♥门♥广场
The East German regime thought about carrying out a German Tiananmen Square.
1989年10月在莱比锡
In Leipzig in October 1989,
政♥府♥准备屠♥杀♥抗♥议♥者
it made preparations to slaughter protesters.
（不再容忍♥敌视国家的行为）
国♥家♥安♥全♥部门的人明确表示
Members from state security made clear
他们已被迫使用武器
they had been pressed to use weapons.
有一支庞大的军队驻扎在那里
There was a huge military presence.
当天我对我的女警♥察♥邻居说
And that day I said to my neighbor, who was a policewoman,
"我今天要去那里"
"I'm going there today."
然后她说："你是笨蛋吗? 我听说他们今天会开枪"
Then she said, "Are you stupid? I know they are shooting today."
我吓坏了
I was totally scared.
（莱比锡）
我们得给摄影机找一个位置
We need to find a camera position.
朋友告诉我们："去找归正会牧师
Friends told us, "Ask the pastor of the Reformed Church
他会让你们进教堂的"
to let you into the church."
管♥理♥员♥把我们带到了屋顶
The caretaker brought us to the roof.
屋顶的最高处
To the very top of it.
然后我们躺在鸽子的粪便里
And we were lying there in the pigeon droppings.
对于个别东德人来说