犹太人的故事（2013）

The Story of the Jews S01E05

Part 9 Jan. 28, 2021, 3:49 p.m.

如今的以色列，数百英里的隔离墙
can be measured in hundreds of miles
of barbed wire and concrete.
和铁丝网隔开了现实与梦想
The separation barrier
was a response
10年前展开的各种人♥肉♥炸♥弹♥攻势
to a devastating wave
of suicide bombings
造成超过500名以色列人罹难
unleashed a decade ago,
给和平带来毁灭性打击
in which more than
500 Israelis died.
隔离墙就是以色列对此的无奈回应
Today, it cuts Israel off
from the West Bank,
今天，隔离墙将西岸地区从以色列分隔出来
except where it snakes deep
into the occupied territories
然而，为了保护一些大型定居点
to protect
some of the larger settlements,
蜿蜒的墙体不得不深入被占的巴人领土
shredding Palestinian territory
将巴人土地隔离的支离破碎
and making life for
the Palestinians a daily ordeal.
隔离墙下的各种关卡也导致许多巴人的日常生活苦不堪言
I don't know why, but walls are big
in Jewish history, aren't they?
不知道为何，"墙"在犹太历史中总是各种的重要.
Walls of lamentation,
walls of the temple, ghetto walls...
哭墙；圣殿围墙；隔都围墙；
this.
还有隔离墙...
Ze'ev Jabotinsky,
the militant nationalist
还有Ze'ev Jabotinsky
Jewish Zionist leader
in the '20s and '30s,
那位20到30年代的武装民族主义者和犹太复国运动领袖
talked about the necessity
for an Iron Wall
就一直念叨“铁壁”的必需性
as a condition of there being
any realistic chance
在他看来，一道铜墙铁壁是实际条件之一
of a Jewish state surviving.
没了它，犹太国家的生存难保。
Well, he got it in this, didn't he?
好吧，他算是得偿所愿了，对吧？
I want to say that nobody,
including me,
我想说的是，包括我在内的任何人
ultimately has the moral right
to say that shouldn't have happened,
在终极的道义层面上，都无权指责隔离墙
the wall shouldn't have happened.
别说隔离墙不该存在！
Before the wall happened,
没有隔离墙的时候
hundreds of people were dying
every year from terrorist attacks.
每年死于恐怖袭击的以色列人数以百计
After the wall happened,
very, very few.
引入隔离墙之后，恐怖袭击锐减
In some senses,
if you don't live in Israel -
从某种意义上来说，只要你不住在以色列
I don't live in Israel -
比如我就不是
you're morally obliged
to be nearly silent, nearly silent.
那么在道义上来说，你就该尽量闭嘴，你就无权对隔离墙说三道四
All the same,
不管怎么说
I also want to add to that
huge moral caveat this -
我希望表明我对这一沉重的道义告诫的看法 :
the Bible is full of encounters
between men and God,
圣经里充满了各种遭遇和冲突
包括人与上帝之间的接触
between men and other men,
人与人之间的遭遇
between even enemy brothers.
还有各种同根相煎的故事
It's very difficult for me
to sort of stand here
对我来说，站在这里说这样的话实非易事
and say that that kind of Judaism,
可我还是要说: 在接触与冲突中成长的犹太文明
the Judaism of openness,
of encounter,
开放包容的犹太教义
has a chance of a true life here.
都该有机会在此地，在现实生活中得到承继
This is a Judaism,
a Jewishness, that looks...
可是我们现在看到的，却是犹太文明和犹太性
scurries beneath the shadows
of these towers for safety.
在隔离墙，塔台和哨所的阴影和安保之下畏缩穿行
It's not ultimately
a Judaism of bravery.
这终究不是什么充满勇气的犹太文明
It's not ultimately
a Judaism of life.
也不是真正的犹太人想要的生活。
But there are gaps in the wall
where a little light gets in.
好在隔离墙并未封♥杀♥一切
At the Hand In Hand
school in Jerusalem,
在耶路撒冷的 "手拉手"学校里
Jewish and Arab students
are taught in Hebrew and Arabic
由阿♥拉♥伯和犹太人教师
by Arab and Jewish teachers.
向两族学生同时教授两族的语言
The kids here are
no starry-eyed Utopians.
这里的孩子们可不是脱线的空想社♥会♥主♥义♥者
Bitter divisions,
long inherited and deeply felt,
对于长久的无情隔离，他们都有切身体会，
crowd in on their teenage lives.
几乎填满了他们青春期的日常生活
"反正天一黑气氛就开始紧张..."
"一旦有更多阿♥拉♥伯人压马路，(气氛)就更民族主义..."
"然后大家就开始各种的干蠢事了..."
"大家老觉得阿♥拉♥伯人一来就要惹麻烦..."
"其实并不总是阿♥拉♥伯人的错，有些犹太人也乱来..."
"然后就是各种扭打斗殴神马的..."
But growing up together
must do something
不过一同成长的经历
to immunise them
against the habits of hatred.
的确有助于让他们远离惯常的敌意
Where others see enemies,
they see friends.
别人眼里的敌人，在他们这里都是朋友。
"不满18岁就没地方找乐子..."
"不光是不能喝酒..."
"而是没其他事可做..."
"耶路撒冷闷死了..."
"没有海边..."
"对啊，耶城的市政委员会该去弄个海来..."
"有沙滩玩，咱就不闹，呵呵..."
The duel between raw power
and ethical idealism
数千年来，犹太人故事的核心，
has been at the heart of the Jewish
story for thousands of years.
总是充满了民族理想主义与强权的对决
It's what the historian
Josephus meant
第一集提到的那位历史学家Josephus
when he said that Jews had become
就提过这个点，他曾说:
the teachers of men
in the greatest of things.
犹太人在大是大非上可以为人师表
我辈于大是大非处可为世人师表" ### [师者，大节不亏也]###]
It's what flowered in medieval Spain
正是这种精神，让中世纪的
when Jews and Muslims shared
the same space and culture.
西班牙犹太人得以与穆♥斯♥林♥和谐共处，共享文化
It's what enabled Moses Mendelssohn
to use thought and language
也正是这种精神，激励这摩西.门德尔松用思想和语言
to build a bridge between
the Jewish and non-Jewish world.
沟通犹太人与外部世界
It's what made the songwriters
plant a conscience
还是这种精神，让纽约的犹太音乐人
into the hard-bitten money-makers
of Tin Pan Alley.
在金粉世界中也能创作出饱含清醒与良知的作品。
# Once I built a railroad
# Now it's done
# Brother, can you spare a dime? #
Ultimately, it's about
the victory of humanity over force,
归根结底，这是人性对强权的胜利
a victory enshrined
in this copy of the Talmud,
在犹太人的黄金屋---这部《塔木德》里
that bottomless treasure house
of all things Jewish.
该胜利被铭记其中，供后人膜拜
It was printed in Heidelberg
in 1947 on German presses
我们看到的这个版本，是当年美军治下的德国出版社
under the authority
of the liberating American army,
于1947年在德国海德堡印制出版，
to whom it's movingly dedicated.
本书是由集中营幸存的犹太人
But it was produced
and published by Jews,
饱含深情制♥作♥出版并献给
who, having survived
the death camps, wanted to proclaim,
解放死亡营的美军士兵。他们希望通过此书宣告:
"Like us, our culture
has survived destruction too,"
"犹太人活下来了，犹太文化也活下来了！"
which is why it's known
as the Survivors' Talmud.
因此该书被称为《幸存者的塔木德》
This is a vision of the eternal
dialogue of the Jewish story,
此书就是一副美妙图景，
展示的是犹太历史上永不停息的各种交流对话
the dialogue between
lament and rejoicing,
这里汇聚着喜悦与哀愁
between history and hope,
汇聚着历史与希望
between the earthly world
and visionary possibility.
现实世界和远见机遇在此重合
It's an argument
as well as a dialogue,
此书既有意见争论，也有对话思考
an argument which no-one
is supposed to win,
争论的目的也不是谁输谁赢。
because if we know one thing
for sure about the Jewish tradition,
犹太传统中有一点是无疑的:
it's that the chapter is written,
我们的故事就像一部书，章节虽然早已拟定
but the book is not finished.
内容却永无止境。