犹太人的故事（2013）

further down the coast
用牲口车把他们运到离岸数英里的地方
and escorted to a camp
surrounded by barbed wire
再将他们"护"送进已经建好的难民营
where men were separated
from women and children
营地铁丝网环绕，并将男性难民与女人孩子分隔开
and everyone was directed
towards a shower block
英军指示所有人都要先进入
that dominated
the centre of the camp.
营地中心的"淋浴区"(强制清洁消毒)......
For Holocaust survivors,
对于难民中的大屠♥杀♥幸存者来说
memory wounds, barely scarred over,
opened again.
这无疑是再堕炼狱
One of them was called
Berele Wagner.
其中有个难民叫Berele Wagner
He'd survived the liquidation of the
Romanian ghettos and wrote this -
他从纳粹铲平罗马尼亚隔都的劫难中幸存下来
当时他写道:
"Arriving at Atlit detention centre,
"我们抵达Atlit收♥容♥所♥"
the British soldiers
stripped us naked,
"英军命令我们全部脱♥光♥"
"threw our clothes in the laundry
and then forced us into
a disinfection room,
"衣物全都丢去清洗，而后强迫我们进入消毒区"
"which was just like
the gas chambers
"那地方看起来和纳粹集中营
"in a German concentration camp."
的毒气室毫无二致..."
"I'd thought the struggle was over
"我曾以为噩梦已经结束"
"and I realised
that it had only just begun."
"但此刻我意识到，其实噩梦才刚开始..."
Of course,
Atlit was no concentration camp.
当然了，Atlit绝不是集中营再现
The inmates were humanely treated
营内的难民都得到人道援助
before being sent on
to internment camps in Cyprus.
而后才被陆续送往位于塞浦路斯的大收容中心
But how on earth
had it come to this?
可是， 对于种族屠♥杀♥的幸存者，
British squaddies forcibly deporting
Jewish survivors of a genocide?
英军这样看似毫无人性的强制遣返究竟为何？
At the end of the First World War,
其实事情本非如此。
the situation had been
very different.
一战之后
Then, Jews around the world
世界各地的犹太人
had blessed the name
of the British Empire
都对大英帝国感激有加
for an historic pledge freely
given by its political leaders,
原因: 《贝尔福宣言》---
the Balfour Declaration,
这是一份由英国政要慷慨允下的历史性的承诺
67 bland words that committed
Britain to support the creation
看似简短平淡的67字，宣告了英国对于
of a Jewish national home
in Palestine.
在巴勒斯坦建立一个"犹太民族之家"的承诺与支持
魏茨曼科学研究所 (以色列 雷霍沃特)
The man who did more than anyone to
bring this about was Chaim Weizmann,
此中贡献最大的，是Chaim Weizmann
"a Yid from Motol",
as he described himself,
他总是自称"Motol来的犹太佬"
[Yid是Yiddish的俚语.=说意第绪语的犹太人.多来自东欧]
a muddy hamlet in the Pripet marshes
between Pinsk and Minsk,
他老家Motol，是个Pripet河沼泽边上的泥泞村庄，
处于平斯克与明斯克之间
the usual combination
of isolation and persecution,
面对孤立和迫♥害♥，贫苦和屠♥杀♥，
poverty and pogroms.
逃难犹太人组成的村子大多都选在这种地点
Chaim Weizmann displayed all
the combustible elements
of a shtetl Jew -
在Chaim Weizmann身上，我们能看到
出身贫苦的犹太孩子的各种闪光品质:
passionately excitable,
tirelessly argumentative,
热情激昂；能思善辩；
earthily idealistic.
充满理想的同时也脚踏实地.
But he combined all this with
the cool analytical precision
Weizmann后来从事化学研究，在工作中锻炼得
and dogged patience
of his chosen metier - chemistry.
执着耐性且善于精准分♥析♥
His journey from yeshiva school
to laboratory
结合这些优良品质
Weizmann得以从最初级的犹太学校一路走向各种尖端的化学实验室
had been a remarkable one.
职业生涯极为成功
In the early 1900s,
20世纪初
he'd come to Manchester University
as a lecturer and researcher
Weizmann来到英国曼彻斯特大学担任讲师和研究员
where he was perfectly placed
to pursue his other passion,
对于他另一项热爱的事业，此地的条件令他如鱼得水---
as a dedicated and tireless
campaigner for the Zionist cause,
那就是Weizmann不知疲倦地投身其中的犹太复国运动。
ultimately becoming leader
of the World Zionist Movement.
他最终成为世界犹太复国运动的领头人
福克斯新闻: 发自安大略.多伦多
世界犹太大会总干事Weizmann博士收到数千名犹太人的夹道欢迎
He never disguised his conviction
他在所有场合都明确无误的表示
that a Jewish homeland could exist
only in one place - Palestine.
犹太人的"民族之家"只能存在于巴勒斯坦
His insistence on this point
他对于这一点的执着
would come as a revelation
to British politicians
也最终启发了英国方面的相关人物
like Arthur Balfour
or David Lloyd George,
比如阿瑟.贝尔福 ； 还有David Lloyd George
who'd imagined Argentina
or East Africa
这些英国政客原先曾设想阿根廷或者东非某地
might be more practical solutions
to "the Jewish question".
作为"犹太人问题"的更实际的解决方案
What the establishment
couldn't resist
让英国主流社会难以抗拒的
was someone who brought
the human reality of the Jews -
是Weizmann摆出来的犹太人♥权♥现实情况:
their terror, squalor, righteous
anger and craving for Zion -
遭受恐怖对待，生活悲惨，满腔义愤，还有对复国的渴求
right into the corridors of power.
这些事实让英国的权利核心必须正视犹太问题
When Weizmann spoke,
it was "Hear, O England",
你听Weizmann的演讲，"英格兰啊，请听我说..."
and, having heard,
the movers and shakers felt
在他充满激♥情♥的演说中，闻者动容
mysteriously compelled
towards an act of moral salvation.
仿佛一股神秘的力量催动着大家采取行动，促成道义上的救赎
What was the point, after all,
of having the British Empire
毕竟对于 堂堂的 大 英 帝 国 来说
unless you did something grand?
不成大事，怎为帝国？
"Are we to have no more adventures?"
asked Balfour.
就像贝尔福说的:"我们已经不思进取了吗？"
And even hard-headed men
like Lloyd George
即便是一向冷静的David Lloyd George
felt good about giving the Jews
what they wanted and needed.
也为能够帮犹太人实现梦想而感觉大好.
When the world went to war in 1914,
1914年一战爆发
the other side of Weizmann's
extraordinary character
came to the fore.
Weizmann的科研成果生逢其时
His discovery of a technique
for synthesising a vital ingredient
他为高爆♥炸♥药的一种重要成分
for high explosives
kept the British war machine turning
合成原料而研发的新技术
使得英国战争机器得以顺利运转
and cemented his alliance
with the great and the good.
也为他赢得英国上层的坚实同盟
David Lloyd George would later claim
that the Balfour Declaration
David Lloyd George后来曾说，《贝尔福宣言》
had been a reward to Weizmann
for services rendered.
是在回馈Weizmann提供的服务
"I only wish it had been as simple
as that," was Weizmann's response.
Weizmann回应说:"要是真的这么简单就好了..."
(我也不用费那么大劲儿搞什么复国运动，直接技术换宣言)
As the minutes of Weizmann's
Zionist committee made clear,
从Weizmann领导的复国运动委员会备忘录里可以清楚看到
the negotiations were long and hard,
各种相关的谈判艰苦漫长
the lobbying
from Jewish anti-Zionists intense,
伴随着愈演愈烈的犹太人 反 建国团体的游说
the outcome always in doubt.
事情的结果本来就很难预料
When the civil servant brought
Weizmann a copy of the declaration,
据说公务员将《贝尔福宣言》交给Weizmann的时候
he said exuberantly, "It's a boy!"
他欣喜大呼:"是个儿子！"
Weizmann later wrote
in his autobiography,
后来Weizmann在自传里写道
"Well, I did not like the look
of that boy very much.
"对我来说，这个'大胖小子'的‘长相’没那么好"
"He was not what I expected.
All the same, I knew it was
a great departure."
"不是我所希望的那样... 尽管如此，这依旧是一次巨大的突破"
Why his slight reservation?
为啥Weizmann没有100%满意呢？
Well, the wording that
Weizmann had wanted
好吧， 你看Weizmann要的表述是:
talked about
the reconstitution of Palestine
"将巴勒斯坦重建 成 为-- "
as a Jewish national home.
"犹太人的民族家园"
The wording he got talked about
a Jewish national home in Palestine,
而到手的《宣言》里写的是:
"在巴勒斯坦地区-内-建立壹个犹太人的民族家园"
maybe in a very small piece
of Palestine.
那就可能只是一小块地皮而已
They were not the same at all.
两者有别云泥
All the same, this was so much more
不过无论如何， 结果都已经完全