犹太人的故事（2013）

at the kibbutz of Yad Mordechai,
where a small group of Jews,
Yad Mordechai基布兹。
inspired by comrades who had fallen
in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising,
当地一小群犹太居民，秉承华沙隔都起义的牺牲精神
held out against Egyptian tank
divisions for a critical six days.
在这里死守6天，挡住了一支埃军坦克师。
For Yad Mordechai,
the heroic deaths in Warsaw
对于这个小小的农场来说
对比华沙慷慨赴死的英灵
had made their own battle to survive
in Palestine a sacred obligation.
他们自己的这一场巴勒斯坦求生之战更是责任非凡
After the war,
an armistice agreement
之后的停战协议
allowed Israel
to expand its boundaries,
让以色列可以沿着所谓的"停火线"
redrawing them along
the so-called Green Line
重划并拓展边界
and putting Israel in control
of nearly 80% of Mandate Palestine,
原先委任统治的巴勒斯坦土地，如今以色列实控区达到了近8成
including West Jerusalem.
其中包括西耶路撒冷
The biblical heartland
of Judea and Samaria
可惜，圣经时代的犹大国与撒玛利亚国的中心---
[古以色列全盛期后分♥裂♥为南北两国，北为撒玛利亚]
and the old city of Jerusalem,
site of the Western Wall,
耶路撒冷老城，包括哭墙在内
were not part of this new Israel.
都还不在以色列掌控之内。
But for secular Zionists,
只是对于世俗的复国运动者来说
this was an emotional, symbolic
issue rather than a practical one.
若能占领老城，更多的是情感化和象征意义上的丰收
而非实际考量
The centre of gravity of the new
Jewish state was not Jerusalem,
新生犹太国的重心，
burdened with the aura
of its history,
并非历史负担沉重的耶路撒冷
but Tel Aviv, which by the 1940s
而是地中海边的特拉维夫
had grown into a modern, secular,
breezy metropolis by the sea,
到了20世纪40年代，
海风习习的特拉维夫已经发展成世俗的现代大都会
a cafe-happy cultural
powerhouse of creativity,
充满各种美食文化， 成为各种创新之源
boasting the latest in modernist
architecture and modernist thinking.
还以其现代派建筑和摩登思想闻名于世
A new home for new Jews
in their new old land.
特拉维夫的一切都是新的:
新生的犹太人，崭新的家园，还有新时代的应许之地。
For the Arabs of Palestine,
以色列的独♥立♥战争
Israel's war of independence
had meant Nakba - catastrophe -
对于世居巴勒斯坦的阿♥拉♥伯人来说就是一场劫难
the displacement,
sometimes violently,
成百上千的阿♥拉♥伯人被迫离开原先的村镇
of hundreds of thousands of
Palestinians from towns and villages
过程有时候甚至充满暴♥力♥
like Lifta
on the outskirts of Jerusalem.
比如耶路撒冷郊外的Lifta
By the time of the 1949 armistice,
1949年的停火协定生效之时
around 700,000 Palestinians
had left, some fleeing in fear,
已经有大约70万巴勒斯坦阿♥拉♥伯人迁走
有些是恐慌出逃
some obeying the orders of
village elders or Arab guerrillas,
有些按照村里长者或者阿♥拉♥伯游击队的指示迁走
some driven out by force and terror.
还有一些，则是被暴♥力♥恐吓赶走。
Their towns and villages
became part of Israel,
他们祖辈的村镇变为以色列国土
and they have never been able
to return to their homes,
他们也只能一去不复返
except occasionally as visitors.
除了偶尔可以作为"游客"回来看看.
House door keys
are the icons of their loss
随处可见的钥匙形象，是对逝去家园的怀念
and their hope
of an eventual return.
也代表着他们对终将回归的企盼
It killed us,
"(背井离乡之时)就像死过一回..."
but this life outside Lifta
shaped our mentality.
"流离的生活令我们精神上极度痛苦"
They lost everything.
Only the hope to come back.
"对他们来说， 除了归乡的希望，其他都丢光了。"
So always I bring my son
to come to Lifta.
"这就是为啥我常带儿子回来看看"
I tell them,
"Here is my father's house,
"我要指给他们看，这里原先是你爷爷家..."
"here is your father's house,
"那里原先是咱家..."
"here, here, here, here."
"你看这，你看那..."
So they will never forget.
"这样儿孙辈才能铭记过往。"
But there are other memories
and other catastrophes
然而，还有一些犹太人的记忆中，建国和卫国战争
dating to these same fateful years.
的那些决定性的年头，对他们来说也同样是大祸临头
Hundreds of thousands of Jews,
成百上千
living in Muslim countries
for centuries,
世居穆♥斯♥林♥国家的那些犹太人
discovered suddenly their home
was no longer their home.
一觉醒来发现自己已无立足之地
This is the Eliyahu HaNavi,
这是埃及 亚历山大港 的Eliyahu HaNavi
Elijah the Prophet's synagogue
in Alexandria.
---先知Elijah犹太教堂
In its day, it could swallow
1,000 worshippers without blinking.
鼎盛时期此地可轻易容纳千名信徒
This was a deeply rooted community
with clans of families,
教堂与周边社区共同繁荣，枝繁叶茂，
许多大家族世代礼拜于此
inevitably some richer, some poorer,
一样米养百样人，他们中间也是贫富有别的
the older of them sitting
in their family pews.
各家各门在教堂里甚至都有专属座位
椅子背面都贴着家族的姓氏铭牌
You showed up on Shabbat
安息日礼拜上
and you knew exactly
where the Shamas would be sitting.
大家长幼有序，尊卑有度，照着家族的姓氏就坐。
比如你看牌子就知道Shama家要坐哪。
But all of that
became suddenly irrelevant
只是随着1948年以色列建国
following the establishment
of Israel in 1948
以及接踵而至的卫国战争
and the war that followed.
所有这些也都突然变得无关紧要。
It hadn't always been easy to live
as a Jew in a Muslim country,
居住在穆♥斯♥林♥国家的犹太人本来就不容易
and long before Israel was created,
早在以色列建国之前
it was getting harder
to avoid charges of Zionism
在埃及和伊♥拉♥克♥，犹太人就很容易
in countries like Egypt and Iraq.
被扣上锡安分子的罪名
But after 1947,
the gloves came off.
不过1947年之后， 这些国家干脆撕破脸皮
Assaults, riots, murders,
对犹太人从袭扰，暴♥动♥，谋杀
arrests, show trials,
到恶意逮捕和各种走过场的审判
public hangings, expropriations,
公开吊死 ，抄家
expulsions.
直至最后的驱逐
Did you have any sense
that there might be trouble?
Simon:"当时你感觉到事态有变吗？"
I knew nothing.
I was only ten years old.
"我当时才10岁，我能懂啥？"
被采访人: Levana Zamir (原开罗居民)
So all of a sudden, at midnight,
"某天半夜，突然之间"
ten Egyptian officers in our house,
searching everywhere.
"家里闯进10来个埃及警员，大肆搜查..."
I don't know
what they were searching after.
"我都不知道他们要找什么..."
They opened closets, drawers,
"他们翻箱倒柜"
they cut mattresses.
"连床垫都割开..."
I didn't know what they wanted,
and they left.
"完全不知道他们要啥，然后他们就走了"
They found nothing, they left.
"啥也没翻到."
They did the same
to my uncle upstairs,
"他们也搜查了楼上我叔叔家"
but they took him to prison.
"末了还把我叔叔带走关了监"
For me, it was a trauma, a shock,
"对我来说，实在是震惊，心理打击很大"
because prison, for a child
ten years old, is a criminal.
"对一个10岁的孩子来说，监狱是坏人呆的地方"
My uncle was a criminal?!
"可是我叔叔咋就变成坏人了？"
I asked my mother if that's true.
"Is he a criminal?"
"我问妈妈，这是真的吗？ 叔叔干了坏事？"
She explained to me that he went
to prison because we are Jews.
"我妈解释说，抓他就因为他是犹太人..."
The same story was repeated
all over the Muslim world,
同样的故事在穆♥斯♥林♥世界里到处上演
not just in Egypt, but in Iraq,
Yemen, Syria and Lebanon,
除了埃及， 还有伊♥拉♥克♥，也门，叙利亚和黎巴嫩
Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya.
以及摩洛哥，阿尔及利亚，突尼斯和利比亚
At least 700,000 Jews
left or were expelled,
逃离或者被逐的犹太人至少有70万
many reduced to destitution,
由于随身带不了多少东西
taking with them
only what they could carry.
其中许多人都因此跌入赤贫
Some went to America,
逃出穆♥斯♥林♥世界的犹太人，有些去了美国
others in the North African world
to France, Iraqis to Britain.
原来在北非的去了法国，原来在伊♥拉♥克♥的则去了英国
But many came to Israel,
剩下的多数都回归了以色列
most of them Zionists by necessity
rather than choice.
对于他们中的绝大多数来说，完全 就是逼上"锡安山"