犹太人的故事（2013）

than Weizmann or his colleagues
could possibly have hoped for
超出Weizmann团队的最高期望值
even a few years before.
几年前他们甚至都不敢这么想。
At that very moment,
the moment of the declaration,
《宣言》诞生之时
Jews in Weizmann's old home, Russia,
were being assaulted and massacred,
Weizmann老家的犹太同胞，俄♥国♥犹太人，正遭受
pogrom after pogrom.
一波又一波的各种袭击和屠♥杀♥
Now, courtesy of
British imperial interests,
如今，多亏了"英帝国利益"
but also of genuine
British enthusiasm,
当然，还有实实在在的英式热忱
they would have some sort of home
in Palestine to go to.
犹太人总算可以向着巴勒斯坦 ---有"家"可归了。
The word "miracle" gets horribly
overused in Jewish history.
在犹太历史上，几乎被滥用成灾的"奇迹"一词
For once, it seems like
the right word.
用来描述《宣言》那是正经没错的。
But the Jews weren't the only ones
being promised miracles.
不幸的是，犹太人不是唯一被许以"奇迹"的...
Fired by the same spirit
of idealism and adventure
孕育出《贝尔福宣言》的
that had inspired
the Balfour Declaration,
同一种理想主义与冒险精神，也激励着其他民族
and directed, in some cases,
by the very same people,
在同一类人的指导之下，#
the British had simultaneously been
making undertakings to the Arabs
英国人也同时向阿♥拉♥伯人做出类似承诺
about their national independence.
许他们以民族独♥立♥的期望。
They'd even sent a British officer
called Lawrence
他们甚至派出一名叫劳伦斯的英国♥军♥官
to help the Arabs plan
their revolt against Turkish rule.
前往协助阿♥拉♥伯人策划反对土耳其的统治
It's easy to be cynical
about these British strategies -
如今要嘲讽英国当年的那些战略很容易
duplicitous, delusional, doomed -
take your pick.
什么两面派啦，妄想啦，没戏啊，随便你说
Even so, by the war's end,
there was reason to believe
即便如此，在当年，战后的英国人看来，
that the aspirations of Jew and Arab
在英国"大家长"的托管之下
could both, somehow,
be accommodated
一个逐步现代化的中东地区里，
in a modernised Middle East
犹太人和阿♥拉♥伯人两边的期望
under the paternalistic eye
of the British Empire.
似乎都不难达成...
You don't have to take
my word for it.
如果不信我的话
Listen to the words
of Prince Faisal,
你可以来听听当事人的说法
比如 后来成为伊♥拉♥克♥Faisal国王的
later King Faisal of Iraq.
Faisal王储
Well, here's what the
military leader of the Arab Revolt
作为阿♥拉♥伯抵抗运动的军事领袖
felt about Zionism in 1919.
Faisal王储对于犹太复国主义的看法如下
Faisal writes to Felix Frankfurter,
这是他1919年写给美国资深锡安分子---
senior American Zionist,
Felix Frankfurter的信
in the following way.
信里这么说的:
"Dear Mr Frankfurter,
"Felix Frankfurter先生迳启"
"I want to take this opportunity
of my first contact
with American Zionists
"这是我首次联♥系♥美国的犹太复国主义者，"
"to tell you what I've often been
able to say to Dr Weizmann
"借此机会，我想告诉你，
"in Arabia and Europe.
我在阿♥拉♥伯和欧洲都常对Weizmann博士说过的: "
"We feel that the Arabs and Jews
are cousins in race,
"阿犹两族本就系出同门"
"have suffered similar oppressions
"各种强权加诸于两族"
"at the hands of powers
stronger than themselves.
"人♥民♥头上的压♥迫♥也是类似的"
"We Arabs,
especially the educated among us,
"我们阿♥拉♥伯人，尤其是我们中受过教育的人"
"look with the deepest sympathy
on the Zionist movement.
"打心眼里对犹太复国主义运动感同身受"
"We will wish the Jews
a most hearty welcome home."
"吾等将全心欢迎犹太人重返家园！"
Now, that, to me,
is incredibly moving.
不论如何，读起来极为感动
Yes, the historian in me knows
Faisal had an interest
作为历史学家，我当然看得出Faisal
in recruiting Jewish influence,
是为了己方利益在向犹太人示好
even Jewish money,
to the Arab cause.
看中的是犹太人在世界各地的影响力，当然还有犹太人的资金...
Weizmann and the Zionists
in their turn
在Weizmann和锡安分子这边，
had an interest in keeping
people like Faisal happy
为了确保犹太人顺利移居巴勒斯坦
for the purposes of
Jewish immigration to Palestine.
取悦Faisal这样的阿♥拉♥伯高层的做法也绝对有益无害。
All the same, the cynic in me is
banished at this particular moment.
总的来说， 我心里的各种阴暗面在此刻都只能烟消云散
This is a document,
with all the reservations
在复杂的阿犹问题面前，这样的文件
and understanding
of the complexity of the issue,
饱含着当时双方的异同与互相理解
this is a document
of what might have been
可以说它记录的是差点得以实现的民族和解
and, do you know,
what might still be.
或者说，也许日后真有这么一天，谁知道呢...
Chaim Weizmann
never stopped believing
Chaim Weizmann从未放弃
that Jews and Arabs
could be reconciled
对于阿犹和谐的信念
through the benevolent power
of modernisation and progress.
他认为在现代化和进步的善意力量驱使下，
这一天总会到来。
But in the meantime,
he got on with the hard slog
不过同时，他也埋头苦干，
of building a Jewish homeland
in Palestine.
全力投入建设在巴勒斯坦的犹太家园
Land was bought, farms established,
买♥♥地，圈农场
Jewish immigration increased,
引入犹太移♥民♥
but always strictly controlled
by the British.
一切都被置于英国托管的严格控制之下。
They were realising far too late
只是英国人此时还不知道的是，
that the Arab nationalism
they had once encouraged
自己曾经鼓励支持
and thought could be managed
by the likes of Faisal
并以为可以通过Faisal那样的阿♥拉♥伯贵族
来掌控的阿♥拉♥伯民族主义思想
had fostered a local
Palestinian nationalism
已经孕育出了一批本土的巴勒斯坦民族主义分子
that saw in the Jews
the alien usurpers of their land.
在这些人眼中，犹太人就是鸠占鹊巢！
Those Palestinians would find their
opposite number in Ze'ev Jabotinsky,
与之对应的，是个来自奥德萨的犹太复国主义者
a pugnacious, articulate Zionist
from Odessa.
此人名叫Ze'ev Jabotinsky，既好战又雄辩，
While Chaim Weizmann was schmoozing
当Weizmann在英国主流社会
the great and the good
of the British establishment,
大走上层路线的同时
Jabotinsky was putting guns
into the hands of Odessa Jews
Jabotinsky先生正在向奥德萨的犹太人送去枪♥支♥
so they could defend themselves
against the repeated savagery
of the pogroms.
让他们可以自卫抵抗那一波又一波的野蛮屠♥杀♥
He'd fought for the British
in World War I,
Jabotinsky作为英军参加过一战
but, unlike Weizmann,
he was no Anglophile
不过他可不像Weizmann那样亲英
and he rejected
as sentimental delusion
在他眼里， 阿犹和谐的概念
the idea of harmony
between Jews and Arabs.
根本就是温情幻想
These bleak, hard views
he expressed in 1923
1923年， 他在一份简短尖刻的论述文章里
in a short, sharp essay
called The Iron Wall.
表达过这种悲观看法
文章题为《铁壁》
"Apparently," he wrote,
他在文中说道:"显然..."
"I'm considered an enemy
of the Arab people
"大家都觉得我刻意与阿♥拉♥伯人为敌"
"and a proponent of their expulsion.
This is not true.
"说我支持驱逐阿♥拉♥伯人， 这不是真的。"
"Expulsion in any form
is impossible.
"任何形式的驱逐都无可能"
"There will always be
two nations in this country,
"这地方将是长♥期♥的两族共存"
"and that's good enough for me,
provided we are the majority.
"对我来说， 只要我们占多数就够了"
"Conflict is inevitable."
"冲突本就不可避免！"
Jabotinsky's brand
of so-called Revisionist Zionism,
Jabotinsky鼓吹的是其所谓的锡安运动修正派
born in the dark valley
between the two world wars,
这样的观点与派别诞生于两次世界大战之间的混沌时期
took on many of the trappings
of the militant nationalism
of that period -
从服装徽标上都与同时期的其他武装民族主义看似一脉相承，
the uniforms, the marching,
the salutes,
制♥服♥啦，行军方式啦，还有敬礼的手势都看着眼熟对吧？