犹太人的故事（2013）

'And just to make sure his building was taller than Cahan's,
为了让自己的银行大楼在气势上能压过报业大厦
'Jarmulowsky added a 12-metre cupola to his roof -
Jarmulowsky在大楼顶上加盖了12米高的穹顶
[cupola译穹顶在此似乎不妥.建筑业应该有专门的名词]
'such an American story.'
实在是非常地道的美式斗气。
Look,it's possible to think of these big boys,
看起来，貌似这两大巨头：
the socialist and the banker,
一个资本家，一个社♥会♥主♥义♥者
as locked in a battle for control
缠斗在一起，争夺的是
of the Jewish future in the Lower East Side,
对于下东区贫苦犹太人未来的控制权
but I don't really think of it like that at all.
不过， 我个人看法绝非如此。
I think both of them essentially embodied
我认为两方的基本观点和基本理念都包含了
the old Jewish principle right out of Hasidic Europe - tzedakah -
来自东欧哈西德教派的老式犹太道义观-即- tzedakah
柴(哲)达卡"(tzedakah)希伯来文中常意指"施舍救济,
公正或公义,正义".可以说代表犹太人的慈善观]
benevolence or charity,
这是犹太人对善行或者说慈善的认识和理解
the loving kindness of your fellow neighbour,
还有比如我们常说的邻里和睦友爱
planted in that other meaning of tzedakah - justice.
两方都在tzedakah的另一层含义--"正义"之中
植入了这种犹太道义观点
Both these tall,big boys were the embodiments of Jewish justice.
因此我看双方都是犹太正义的化身。
# And I found my inspiration
[《TENEMENT SYMPHONY》选自1941年喜剧电影
《大商店 The Big Store》米高梅出品.]
# On the East Side of New York City... #
[同上]
'Justice,charity,the community -
正义，慈善，社区
'words that had come straight from the shtetl,
这些词汇都直接源自东欧的犹太市镇
'hardly surprising in the world of the socialist newspaper,
对于社♥会♥主♥义♥者(亚伯拉罕.卡恩)办的报纸来说并无意外
'perhaps more so in the world of New York banking.
在纽约的银行业界也许更不新鲜
# All form a part
[继续《TENEMENT SYMPHONY》]
# Of my tenement symphony... #
[同上]
'But what's even more surprising is how shtetl idealism
更让人惊讶的是，隔都的某些理想主义
'would cling to the next generation of American Jews,
在美国犹太移♥民♥中得到一代代的继承
'who'd take it right into the brassy heart of American popular culture.
二代三代犹太移♥民♥们将这种精神直接带进了喧闹的美国流行文化之中
'Growing up in the pressure cooker
在纽约下东区高压环境里
'of the Lower East Side was a group of Jewish boys
长大的一群犹太男孩
'who'd go on to create the music that all America would sing.'
后来创作了一系列在美国脍炙人口的音乐作品
There was Israel Baline,who became Irving Berlin,super patriot,
比如超级爱国的Israel Baline，后称Irving Berlin，
the composer of God Bless America.
创作了《天佑美♥利♥坚♥》
[在美国内具有第二国歌♥的地位]
There were the Gershowitz brothers, shortly to become the Gershwins,
还有Gershowitz兄弟，即后来家喻户晓的格什温
[原名雅各布.格肖维茨(Jacob Gershowitz)]
who took the cool of the jazz age and injected romantic warmth in it.
他在爵士乐的冷静风格中注入了古典音乐的浪漫温情
And then there was someone some of you might not have heard of,
还有些人物对于不少人来说相当陌生
Isidore Hochberg, who became Yip Harburg.
比如Isidore Hochberg，后称Yip Harburg
[哈伯格 绿野仙踪里的over the rainbow就是他填词]
Now Yip had something entirely different in mind
Yip Harburg在为许多经典歌♥曲的填词中
for his great song lyrics.
都表现了完全不同以往的想法。
He wasn't interested so much in escaping from this world,
他在乎的可不是逃离下东区
the world of the Lower East Side,as taking its passions and its concerns
他要做的，恰是将下东区的激♥情♥与愿景
right slap bang into the heart of American show business.
直接插入美国娱乐业的核心
PIANO INTRO PLAYS
Ladies and gentlemen, Mr EY "Yip" Harburg.
女士们先生们，掌声欢迎EY "Yip" Harburg先生！
APPLAUSE AND CHEERING
Thank you all.
谢谢大家
'Yip Harburg was born on the sixth floor of a walk-up on Allen Street
Yip Harburg生于下东区Allen街一幢无电梯楼六楼的一户犹太家庭
'to two Yiddish-speaking immigrants,
父母是Louis和Mary Hochberg .都说意第绪语
'Louis and Mary Hochberg from Minsk in the Pale.
都是来自明斯克栅栏区隔都的犹太移♥民♥
'She was deeply Orthodox.
老妈是极端正统派
'He was a little bit less so,
老爹则要活络一些
'taking work in the sweatshops whenever it was on offer.
只要来钱什么活儿都干---即便是血汗工厂
'Their grandson, Yip's son Ernie Harburg,
他们的孙子，也就是Yip Harburg之子Ernie Harburg
'still lives on the Lower East Side.'
至今依然住在下东区
They were all desperately poor.
"我爷爷奶奶都穷得叮当响..."
They worked six days a week and then the mother used to work on Sundays.
"一周干6天，奶奶还经常周天干活"
I think she made,er...some kind of hats for people,all right?
"我记得是说奶奶给人家做些帽子神马的..."
And it was all work. You had to work all the time
"总之起早贪黑，没日没夜..."
and the parents spoke Yiddish.
"而且他们不懂英语"
They never spoke English,so Yip was the intermediary between them
"只能说意第绪语，所以我老爸算是纽带"
and the outside world, no matter what it was -
"沟通父母与外部世界的纽带"
the landlord,the postman,anything.
"你要和房♥东，邮差，各种人打交道(都要说英语)"
They had to get Yip to play the man of the house,see,right?
"在家里，我爸小小年纪就成了家里的'话'事人，懂吧..."
So,you know,he grew up pretty fast.
"所以，他比较早熟"
And the one thing that startled me a little bit was to know,
"我老爸曾经说过一件蛮让我吃惊的事："
because it was an Orthodox,or, at least,a moderate Orthodox family,
"因为是正统教派家庭...哦，或者说，至少算是温和的正统教派"
that the father actually told the mother
"所以每次我爷爷要带儿子出去放松一下，
都只能骗我奶奶说"
that he was taking Yip to shul,
"他们要去教堂"
to the synagogue, and they wouldn't go there,
"其实他们压根没去教堂"
they went to the Rialto musicals along on Second Avenue there.
"而是跑去第二大道看Rialto音乐剧"
[啥是Rialto？]
'It was a household immersed in the sweatshop socialism
哪里穷，哪里就有社♥会♥主♥义♥，哈伯格一家身处的环境正是如此
'of the Lower East Side,
下东区的各种血汗工厂是滋生这种社♥会♥主♥义♥思想的大温床
'which sent Jewish America into a fever of unrest
1909和1910两年间，当地有超过8万名犹太制衣工举♥行♥罢♥工♥，
'in 1909 and 1910,
这种底层社♥会♥主♥义♥思想也伴随其中
'when over 80,000,mostly Jewish, garment workers went on strike.'
令各种美籍犹太人都躁动不安
"剧中台词: 兄弟们都要工作是吧，挥汗如雨，为养家糊口是吧 "
"有点像给法老做奴隶吧?"
The father was,er...read the socialist daily paper to them,
听说我爷爷每天晚上都给罢♥工♥的工友们读报纸，
the Daily Forward,I think it was, every night,and read them poetry
我估计就是Daily Forward， 还给他们念诗歌♥
and I think the left-wing leaning of the fathers
所以我觉得，思想左倾的父辈们
was handed down to the sons and the daughters.
也一定在某种程度上把思想传给了子女们
'Desperate to get his parents out of the tenements,
哈伯格一心想让父母搬出廉租♥房♥♥，过上好日子，
'Yip gave up his dreams of becoming a songwriter
他毅然放弃了写歌♥的梦想
'and set up a company selling home appliances to New York housewives,
自己打拼开了家公♥司♥，专门向家庭主妇推销各种家电
'which,by 1929,was worth a quarter of a million dollars.
生意很成功，到了1929年公♥司♥市值已达25万美元
'But then,on the 29th of October, 1929,came the Wall Street Crash,
不过当年10月29日厄运来袭，华尔街股市崩♥盘♥
'which brought his business and America to its knees.
包括哈伯格在内的无数美国人瞬间梦碎
'Four million unemployed almost overnight.
几乎4百万人一夜间就失业了
'The industries that had built America -
曾经造就美国的各种现代产业:
'railways,mines,steel plants -
铁路，矿产，钢铁产业等等
'all put into what seemed like an eternal deep freeze.'
全都跌落谷底，看似再难翻身
NEWSREEL FOOTAGE: When do we work?
"咱啥时候才能有工作？"
There's nothing wrong with me.
"问题不在咱们身上，"
I can still work,I'm OK.
"咱能干活！"
'By 1932,the Great Depression
到了1932年，大萧条的背景下
'had become the battleground for a new election.
新一轮选战爆发于百业凋敝之中
'President Herbert Hoover
一边是现总统胡佛争取连任
'versus Franklin Roosevelt,
对手是纽约州长
'the Governor of New York,
富兰克林罗斯福
'who put the blue collar working man
他的竞选纲领从头到尾
'at the heart of his campaign.'
都紧紧围绕着蓝领工人阶级展开
ROOSEVELT: These unhappy times call for the building up of plans
罗斯福:"危机当前，我们需要的是一个稳步的计划"
that build from the bottom up and not from the top down,
"从底层而非顶层 开始重铸经济和民生"
that put their faith once more in the forgotten man
"帮助这些被遗忘的人重拾信念"
at the bottom of the economic pyramid.
"因为他们才是经济金字塔的基石"
'But if it was America's nightmare, it was Yip Harburg's salvation.
不过这场美国梦魇在另一方面却成就了哈伯格的个人救赎
'Yip had written enough songs to land a job
他的作词资历已经足够丰富，在百老汇谋了一份职业
'on a new satirical show on Broadway called Americana,
为一出名为《Americana》的新讽刺秀作词
'which was to centre on Roosevelt's forgotten man.
该剧反映的就是失业大军的情况，
也就是罗斯福所说"被遗忘的人"
'And it was with an unknown Tin Pan Alley composer,
和他一起参与该剧创作的，是当时乐界另一位籍籍无名的作曲家
[Tin Pan Alley 锡盘巷 原为纽约市音乐出版业的集中地,泛指音乐出版界]
'another Jew,Jay Gorney, that he wrote the song
也是个犹太人，名叫Jay Gorney.他在剧中写下了
'that would become the anthem of the Great Depression.
一曲传世经典，成为大萧条之歌♥
I didn't want a song to depress people.
哈伯格:"我不是想写那种伤感的歌♥"
I wanted to write a song
"我只希望我写的歌♥词"
to make people think.
"能够发人深省"
In other words,it isn't a hand-me-out...a hand-me-up song
"或者说，这不是什么求施舍，求扶助的悲情歌♥曲"
of,"Give me a dime, I'm starving,I'm bitter."
"不是说 '给点钱吧，几天没饭吃了，我好惨...' "
It wasn't that kind of sentimentality.
"不是那样的眼泪歌♥"
# Once I built a railroad, made it run
《Brother,Can You Spare a Dime?》(Buddy, Can You Spare a Dime?)
词:E.Y."Yip" Harburg
曲:Jay Gorney
# Made it race against time
# Once I built a railroad, now it's done
# Brother,can you spare a dime?
# Once I built a tower to the sun
# Brick and rivet and lime
# Once I built a tower, now it's done
# Brother,can you spare a dime? #
'The melody was based on a Yiddish lullaby
曲调其实来自一首意第绪语的摇篮曲
'that had been sung to Jay Gorney
对作曲的Jay Gorney来说耳熟能详
'by his grandmother back in the Pale.
在栅栏隔都里，祖母就经常给襁褓中的他哼这曲子
'And onto a song of suffering and hope
在弥漫着苦难与希望的原曲调中
'Yip laid the poetry and passion
哈伯格作的词为其注入了犹太区那种
'of Lower East Side politics.'