犹太人的故事（2013）

ready to shout, "Death to the Jew!
早上准9时，一脸惨相的Dreyfus
"Traitor! Judas!"
被押进大院
as the sorry figure of Dreyfus
was marched in
围观群众兴奋的狂呼:
promptly at nine o'clock
in the morning.
"叛徒！犹大！犹太佬不得好死！"
He must have felt
a terrible sense of turmoil.
可怜的Dreyfus，必须面对一阵一阵的恐怖喧嚣
The Ecole Militaire, after all,
Ecole Militaire根本就是
[Ecole Militaire 法国♥军♥官学校]
was the place which stood most
for the honour and glory
法军的先贤堂
of France's military past,
军界丰碑林立之地
the place which must have meant most
to him in his life.
对于Dreyfus来说必定意味重大。
And here he was,
right in the dead centre,
可是，此时此刻，他只能屈辱的孤立中庭
ready for this formal,
ceremonious degradation.
准备接受对其降级的一系列颜面尽失的程序仪式，
At the critical point,
he stood absolutely stock-still.
临危之际，他表现得木讷僵硬
The commanding officer
read out loud to him,
呆呆的面对指挥官大声读出的判词:
"You are no longer worthy
of bearing the arms of France."
"你从此不再配持枪拱卫法兰西"
And then the really tortuous stuff
began.
而后开始的降级仪式过程才是真的难熬与亢长
His epaulettes and buttons
were ripped from his uniform,
先是扯掉他制♥服♥上的肩章与纽扣
a sword which had been
shaved through
而后一把佩剑
so that there would be no
comical mishaps
被一名军官当面折断
was broken
over the knee of the officer.
佩剑已经事先处理，以免发生(拗不断)的笑场事件
There was the sorry figure
at the centre of it all,
众人目光焦点的那人---可怜的Dreyfus
and then he did something, maybe
for the first time in his life,
此时不知怎地，有生以来也许首次
that broke the rules.
做出了破例之举:
He was supposed to remain silent
while the mob howled.
他本该默立接受群众的"怒吼"
But Dreyfus did not.
然而，正相反的是
He said,
"An innocent man is being degraded,
Dreyfus抬头说道:"今天，无辜之人惨遭降级"
"an innocent man
is being dishonoured."
"无辜之人受尽羞辱"
And then the most tragic things
而后，他口中喊出
that could have come out of his
mouth,
两句对他来说可悲至极的口号♥:
"Vive La France!" -
long live France.
"法兰西万岁！"
"Vive L'Armee!" -
long live the army.
"军队万岁！"
And then he stepped over the debris
被押送离场之时，他跨过满地的碎片---
---那些被扯掉的肩章和破碎的佩剑
of what was not just
his own personal career,
一同破碎的，既有他的职业生涯；
but the debris of a noble dream,
和他的远大理想；
the possibility of being
a patriotic citizen,
当场梦碎的，不仅是一个爱国公民Dreyfus；
Frenchman and a Jew.
而且是一个法国人Dreyfus和犹太人Dreyfus！
More was at stake than just
Dreyfus's personal tragedy.
被这场闹剧推上风口浪尖的不只是Dreyfus个人悲剧
Whether the Jew was a traitor or was
the victim of atrocious prejudice
犹太人到底是恶毒偏见的牺牲品还是真叛徒
became the touchstone for the entire
fate of democratic justice.
这一问题已经成为一块试金石
从中可以窥见整个民♥主♥公正体系的命运走向
And there were other,
equally troubling questions.
同时，还有其他同样棘手的问题浮上台面:
Not everybody in the crowd at the
Ecole Militaire that January day
比如说，寒冷的一月那一天，军官学校外的
那群围观者---
was baying for Dreyfus's blood.
并非人人皆欲致Dreyfus于死地
There were some among them
他们中不乏有人
who were acutely moved
by his plight, his torment,
敏锐的察觉到Dreyfus的苦痛与困境
并为之深深触动
and that was because
they were themselves Jews.
----因为这些人自己也是犹太人
And one of those Jews was
a young journalist from Vienna,
其中之一，是来自维也纳的年轻记者
Theodor Herzl, acutely conscious
犹太人 Theodor Herzl, 他敏锐而清醒的意识到
that perhaps the assimilation route
也许当代欧洲的犹太人
of being a Jew in modern Europe
was never going to work out.
同化之路根本就是死路一条
Something snapped in Herzl
就像那把啪嗒一声断在军官膝上的佩剑一样
as that sword was broken
over the officer's knee.
Herzl脑中也如当头棒喝 恍然醒悟
Something which told Herzl
there had to be another future,
他意识到现代世界的犹太人
another way for Jews
to survive in the modern world.
生存之道与未来出路都只能是另有所指，
而不在此间(同化于寄居国)
Weeks after the degradation,
降级礼毕之后数周
Herzl left France and returned to
Vienna, sunk into a deep pessimism.
离法返回维也纳的Herzl，陷入深深的悲观情绪之中
'As a boy, young Theodor Herzl
had been taught to believe
Theodor Herzl打小受教就接受了
'the axiom of the
Jewish Enlightenment -
犹太启蒙运动宣讲的公理之一:
'that a wholehearted commitment
to secular society
即 "只要犹太人全心归化融入非犹的世俗社会中去"
'would sweep away
all the old prejudices.'
"那么所有旧偏见都将一扫而空"
All his life, Herzl had abided
by the conventions -
Herzl成年至今都遵守约定
don't make too big a deal
of your Jewishness,
以为只要不过分张扬自己的犹太背景
and Vienna will open
its arms to you,
那么维也纳必对你张开双臂
embrace you, give you a career
or a reputation.
承认你，给予你职业与名位
In Herzl's case, that of a lawyer
比如Herzl当时就是个执业律师
who was also an aspiring author,
a journalist, a playwright.
同时还是个业余作家，记者和编剧
But now, in the middle of the 1♥8♥9♥0s,
然而，时至19世纪90年代中期
Vienna was becoming
a very different place.
维也纳开始变脸了
Anti-Semitism was a toxin
at the centre of municipal politics.
反犹主义毒素从地方政♥治♥中心蔓延开来
The mayor, very popular Karl Lueger,
当红市长Karl Lueger
was an intensely demagogic
anti-Semite.
极力煽动反犹情绪
Vienna regularly sent anti-Semitic
deputies to the parliament.
维也纳还定期向议会派驻反犹代表
So Herzl was having
a profound change of heart.
目睹此景的Herzl开始彻底的改变观念
He was coming to the conclusion
他得出的结论是
that anti-Semitism
could not be cured or defeated,
你根本无法击败或纠正反犹主义
you just had
to get out of the way of it.
唯一出路就是躲得远远的。
And the problem for the Jews
而犹太人的问题根结
was that they were a nation
without a home.
在于他们是无国之民
So, in 1♥8♥9♥5,
he wrote his little book,
于是在1♥8♥9♥5年， 他写了一本小册子
a booklet, really,
called Der Judenstaat -
名曰 《Der Judenstaat》
The Jewish State -
and this is what he said in it.
---《犹太国家》
如下是他所陈述的观点:
"We have sincerely tried everywhere
"我们犹太人，不管寄居在哪一国"
"to merge with the nations
in which we live,
"一直都在全力尝试融入当地民族"
"seeking just to preserve the faith,
the religion, of our fathers.
"与此同时，我们寻求的，只不过是保持祖先的信仰与宗教"
"But this has not been allowed
to us.
"然而，即便这样基本的请求也从未被各国允许"
"It's been in vain
that we've tried to enhance the fame
"在艺术与科学上，不论我们如何尝试为'国'争光"
"of our countries in arts
and sciences.
"均于事无补"
"It's in vain that we've tried
to increase
"在商业与贸易领域，不论我们如何尝试为'国'增财"
"its wealth by commerce and trade.
"其结果也都是徒劳"
"We are still, in the place
where we've lived for centuries,
"即便寄居数百年之久"
"decried as aliens, and often
by people who were not even here
"我们仍被斥为异族，
我们的祖先数百年前在此地隐忍♥劳作之时"
"when the sighs of our fathers
had been heard for centuries."
"那些现在叫骂者中，好多还不知道身在何处呢"
Now thus was born Zionism.
由此，犹太复国主义诞生了！
Now Zionism has become
a heavily-loaded term,
如今，"犹太复国主义"一词已经承载了太多太多东西