犹太人的故事（2013）

'the job of lyricist on The Wizard Of Oz -
给了他一份令人艳羡的工作--让他担纲为《绿野仙踪》填词
'a fantasy about munchkins and witches
这童话故事讲的是munchkin人与女巫
'and a magical Utopian land in the sky,
还有天上的奇迹乌托邦
'not too far removed from the Hasidic tales.
听起来好像和哈西德派的各种神奇传说有点相像对吧
'This time,his composer was Harold Arlen,
这次，与哈伯格合作的作曲人是来自水牛城的Harold Arlen
'the son of a synagogue cantor from Buffalo
Arlen的父亲是个犹太教堂领唱
'who'd started his career in the vaudeville theatres
Arlen的职业生涯始于下东区的
'of the Lower East Side.
那些上演杂耍秀的剧院
'Together,they'd write the song
这两人合作写下的歌♥曲
'that would come to define the golden age of Hollywood
夺得1940年的奥斯卡最佳音乐和最佳歌♥曲2项金像奖
'and which would win them the Oscar at the Academy Awards of 1940.'
定义了好莱坞的黄金年代
To Harold Arlen and EY Harburg, for the year's best song,
奥斯卡最佳歌♥曲 : Harold Arlen 和 EY Harburg
Over The Rainbow from The Wizard Of Oz.
来自《绿野仙踪》的----《跨越彩虹》
# Somewhere over the rainbow
# Way up high
# There's a land that I heard of... #
'It was a long way from the shtetl,or was it?
说到这里， 我们离隔都似乎很遥远了，
是这样的吗？
'For who could write this universal song of hope better
但是让我们想想， 除了这些来自犹太下东区的孩子
'than a Jewish boy from the Lower East Side?
又有谁能写出如此正能量的传世金曲呢 ？
'And what is Oz,other than America
(对于犹太人来说)美国不就是童话里奥兹国的现实版吗？
'or any place where dreams of a better life really do come true?'
只要能够安居乐业，美梦成真，又何处不是奥兹国呢？
# And the dreams that you dare to dream
# Really do come true. #
It's amazing to think that the song which pretty much everybody believes
有趣的是，这首世人皆知的传世电影歌♥曲
is the greatest movie song of all time almost never happened.
差点就半途夭折了
It wasn't in the book for The Wizard Of Oz.
因为原著里头没这曲子
The producers of the movie complained that it wasn't right
当时的制片人也抱怨这曲子不对路
to come out of the voice of a little girl in Kansas,
因为1个堪萨斯来的小妹嘴里唱出这样的曲子怎么听都别扭
but Yip Harburg and Harold Arlen believed in it passionately.
不过词曲两位作者对它饱含激♥情♥，深信不疑(能够被大众接受)
Why? Well,because it summed up all of the history
原因？ 因为此曲背后是整个犹太苦难历史
of Jewish yearning for deliverance from oppression.
是整个犹太民族对于脱离苦海的向往
All that back history of their own families,
这里面包含的还有他们逝去的家族史
but what they did was actually to channel
哈伯格 和 Harold Arlen 实际上
that specifically Jewish American sensibility
将这种特有且敏感的美国犹太人的感情
and marry it up with something authentically American -
与美国人强烈的乐观主义信仰----这种我们熟知的正宗美国特产
the intense American faith in optimism - and,by doing that,
完美的结合在了一起
they made Somewhere Over The Rainbow a universal treasure.
结果我们也都看到了： 《跨越彩虹》得以传唱全球！
'I wish the story could end there
面对美国犹太人♥大♥把的成功故事，
'with the collective success of America's Jews
还有刚才故事里令人神迷的童话世界
'and the dream world of Oz, but it didn't.
我多希望我的故事可以见好就收。 可惜我不能
'Remember the date of that triumphant night at the Oscars?
还记得刚才说的奥斯卡之夜和两个犹太人的巨大成功吗？
'1940.
是1940年对吧？
立陶宛北部
'What American Jews saw when they looked across the oceans
在美国犹太人眼里，大洋彼岸
'at their old homelands
那些曾经的家园
'were nationalisms inflamed by war
正陷于战争引发的一片民族主义烈焰之中
'that had grown ever more violently racist,
种族歧视的情绪也日益高涨
'and not just in Germany.
而且不止在德国一地
'And this was not good for the three million Jews who'd stayed behind.
留下来的3百万东欧犹太人的日子愈发艰难
我叫Jakovas,姓Bunka
1923年生于Plunge
的一个犹太人家庭
'In the 1930s,
1930年代
'the small town of Plunge
立陶宛北部，也就是我母亲那边家族的居住地，
'in northern Lithuania,the land of my mother's family,
有个叫做Plunge的小镇，
'was like any other shtetl community in what was once the Pale -
这里和栅栏隔都里的其他犹太市镇一样
'half Jewish,half Lithuanian,
犹太和立陶宛人口各半
'and where life for the water carriers,
这里的生活没有太多变化
'merchants and Jewish grandmas
送水工，商人和犹太老奶奶
'still revolved around the old-world institutions
依旧来往忙碌着，照着旧有的体制运作
'of market and synagogue.
生活里除了柴米油盐，就是教堂和信仰。
'But in 1941,the shtetl was engulfed in tragedy.
但是到了1941年，灾难降临
'Aged just 17,Jakovas was conscripted into the Red Army
时年17岁的Jakovas老人应征入伍，
'to fight the Nazis,
参加红军 与纳粹作战
'which saved his life.
这反而使他逃过一劫
'But on his return to Plunge after the war,
可是他战后返乡之时
'he found a shtetl emptied of Jews.
却发现Plunge的所有犹太人已经不见踪影
'His father,brother and grandfather all disappeared.'
父兄以及祖母都消失了
How many...how many people were killed here,Jakovas?
"Jakovas，当时有多少人遇害 ？"
"Plunge这里杀了大概1700名犹太人"
"周围地区和其他镇子加起来有2134名犹太人遇害"
"几乎96%的犹太人口罹难"
'Jakovas is now the last Jew in Plunge.
如今，Jakovas是本地的最后一个犹太人
'A carpenter,he's devoted his life to rebuilding its Jewish memory,
做木匠的他，一生都致力于重建这里的犹太记忆
'carving a memorial in the woods
用木雕来铭记往昔
'and surrounding himself with the shtetl characters of his youth.'
他将入伍之前记忆中的所有乡亲都雕成了木像，摆满了一屋子
"你看这是个典型的犹太鞋匠"
"这个是裁缝，你看他手里还拿着针"
"这是个正统犹太教♥徒♥，他有很特别的发式"
"他正准备去教堂礼拜"
"这幅是关于大屠♥杀♥的..."
'In the end,it wasn't the gas chambers of Auschwitz
其实残害Plunge小镇犹太人的，
'that killed the Jews of Plunge.
并非奥斯威辛的毒气室
'The Holocaust had barely got into its stride by the summer of 1941.
因为41年夏天， 大屠♥杀♥几乎还没起步
'Instead,Plunge's Jews were rounded up
实际上，协助纳粹，将Plunge小镇的犹太人赶到一起
'and their wooden synagogues destroyed
将他们的木质犹太教堂付之一炬的
'with the active participation
是当地的"积极分子"
'of some of those who'd been the Jews' neighbours for generations.'
其中不少原来都是犹太人几十年的邻里邻居
And as the grandchild of a Lithuanian Jewish family,
我的祖父母辈也是立陶宛犹太人
I need to tell you what happened.
让我来告诉你,
What happened was this.
当时发生了什么！
Those Jews who'd been rounded up were hermetically sealed
此地的犹太人被赶到一起
inside a synagogue -
牢牢的锁进他们自己的教堂
locked up with no air, no water,no light for two weeks.
教堂四周和各种缝隙都被封死，
没有空气，光线和饮水，就这样过了两周
People died in their own filth. They were not even allowed
里面的犹太人倒毙在自己的便溺之中，
to throw the dead bodies of the old people,the children outside.
连死去的老人和孩子的尸体都不许丢出来
'When they were finally allowed out,
后来倒是把他们放出来了
'they were forced to defile and burn the heart and soul of their faith,
接着强迫他们当众践踏焚毁Toral圣经
'the Sefer Torah - the scrolls of the law -
逼着犹太人亲手销毁其信仰的核心与灵魂
'before being led into the forests where they had worked for centuries,
再然后，犹太人被赶进他们劳作经年的林子里
'but where they were now forced
强迫他们自掘万人坑
'to dig their own mass graves before they were shot.'
最后，在坑前枪杀所有犹太人...
So I suppose I should tell you...
也许我该告诉你:
..that the Jewish idea that the ethical spirit,that moral force
在犹太人看来，善念与德行
could vanquish physical force,
可以抵御邪恶屠刀
that the Shecinah,the divine presence fills the entire world,
还有比如 神与世间万物同在
[Shecinah 在希伯莱语也可以译为 神在世间的存在]
came to an end in those stinking pits of broken bodies and horror.
可是，万人坑的尸臭和恐怖残肢似乎击碎了上面所说的这一切理想....
But it didn't end.
不过，犹太理想不会就此消亡
It never does end.
它也永远不会消亡
It moves...elsewhere.
它只是逃往别处
The Jews pick up their old,battered suitcases and find somewhere else
犹太人拾起残破的行囊，另寻乐土
where there's a possibility of the decency
他们所求的，只是做一个体面
and the nobility of an ordinary life.
和有尊严的普通人！
I remember something said by the Hasidic Rabbi,Shlomo of Karlin,
我记得哈西德派拉比 Shlomo of Karlin曾说过:
who said that the worst thing the evil urge can do
他说:"在魔障与邪念之下，恶人的恶行之首"
is to make us forget that men are all the sons of a king.
"莫过于逼着我们犹太人忘掉祖先，忘记先王"
Even in a place like this, thinking of a time like that,
若非尝试牢记这一警句，
那么，此时此地，面对这样的屠♥杀♥遗址
I wouldn't be Jewish if I didn't at least try and remember that.
我也许很难再坚持自己的犹太本性，也许很难做一个真正的犹太人！
[Simon明显哽咽...]
YIP HARBURG: # Somewhere over the rainbow
哈伯格演唱《跨越彩虹》
# Bluebirds fly
# Birds fly over that rainbow
# Why then,oh,why can't I?
# If any little bird can fly beyond the rainbow
# Why,oh,why can't I? #