犹太人的故事（2013）

正在向南面的穆♥斯♥林♥控制区步步逼近
While from the south,fundamentalist Islamic warrior tribes from Morocco
同时，来自摩洛哥的原教旨主义伊♥斯♥兰♥部落战士 (摩尔人)
supplanted the worldly Islamic rulers of El Andalus.
取代了西班牙原先温和的世俗伊♥斯♥兰♥政♥权♥
Caught between militant cross and fundamentalist crescent,
可怜的犹太人身陷其中， 不论是这边好战的基♥督♥徒诸侯，
还是那边的极端主义穆♥斯♥林♥
the Jews suffered from the intolerance of both.
双方都对犹太"异端"无法容忍♥
In the 13th century, Muslim rule in Andalucia collapsed.
穆♥斯♥林♥在安达卢西亚的统治于13世纪崩溃
The Mezquita in Cordoba was turned from mosque to cathedral.
科尔多瓦的大清♥真♥寺也被改为大教堂
[1212年，基♥督♥教诸侯联盟将穆♥斯♥林♥赶出西班牙中部。但在格拉纳达的摩尔人王国仍在伊比利亚南部得以残存近三个世纪]
The future for the Jews of Europe
欧洲犹太人的未来
now lay under the shadow of the cross.
从此只能任由基♥督♥徒摆布。
BELL TOLLS
For lessons in how to survive in Christendom,
关于如何在基♥督♥教世界里生存
the Sephardim would have been well advised to consult their cousins,
西班牙犹太人可算是久经考验，有许多生存秘诀
the Ashkenazi Jews of northern Europe.
本可以传授给他们后世的那些更往北的亲属们
[Ashkenazi Jews泛指寄居在欧洲中东部的犹太人.比如爱因斯坦,马♥勒♥,弗洛伊德,卡夫卡,门德尔松等人都是]
CHATTERING
The Jews of medieval Christendom could have told them
因为中世纪基♥督♥教世界里的犹太人"斗争"经验丰富
that while living among people who believed you to be devils
原来是可以提醒北边的亲戚们: 你周围的邻居都会认为你非恶即魔
was never going to be easy, it was possible.
因此混迹于"异"教人群之中绝非易事， 不过也并非不可能。
This is Lincoln,
这里是英格兰东部的Lincoln市
home to one of the most thriving Jewish communities
曾是中世纪英格兰最兴旺的
in medieval England.
犹太社区之一
The Jews had been first invited to England
最初来英格兰的犹太人，
by William the Conqueror in 1066,
是1066年由征服者威廉招来的
and some had made a pretty successful life for themselves.
其中一些人就此在英格兰扎根落户，活得相当滋润。
This is where one of the wealthiest money men lived -
Lincoln这地方还出了一个大富豪
Aaron of Lincoln.
---Lincoln的Aaron
Aaron was rich,
Aaron大财主的财富象征
and the proof of that can be found in the most unlikely of places -
说出来简直让人难以置信---
Lincoln Cathedral.
就是这---Lincoln大主教堂
A long tradition has it that construction of this spectacular church
长久以来大家都相信，是靠Aaron大财主的担♥保♥借款 #
was underwritten by loans made by Aaron.
才能建起这座宏伟壮观的大教堂。
The facts of his life are few and far between.
关于Aaron的史实记载稀少且散落于各处
What we do know for sure is that Aaron's dizzy rise to fortune
不过我们从现有记载中可以确定的是：Aaron眩目的发家史起于
began with a loan to King Henry II,
他对亨利二世的借款:
that his money built 16 abbeys
由他出资建了16座修道院
and that the Bishop of Lincoln here, Robert Chesney,
沿着Lincoln大教堂所在的这条路走下去，就是本地主教
Robert Chesney那座豪华的主教宅邸，
built his fancy palace just down the road with an Aaron mortgage,
也是依靠Aaron提供的按揭贷款来修建的。
secured with the cathedral treasury. Naughty,naughty bishop!
而这笔按揭还"碰巧"是由大教堂的金库来担♥保♥...你懂得...
For the mitred,the robed, and the crown,
不管借钱的是谁，主教，神职人员，还是皇亲国戚
Aaron's was the bank that liked to say yes.
Aaron大财主全都来者不拒
Yes to bankrolling new cathedrals, yes to abbeys,yes to palaces.
借钱修新教堂--没问题
借钱修新修道院--没问题
借钱盖豪♥宅♥--没问题
And the reason Aaron said yes
至于点头的原因：
was because Christian theology said no.
是因为基♥督♥教的教义不允许
No to usury - the sin of lending money at interest.
"印子钱咱不干"---那是原罪！ 所以基♥督♥教♥徒♥没人干高♥利♥贷♥的买♥♥卖♥♥
Which is why the Jews were so convenient.
这也正是犹太人主导这一行业的原因
They were willing to dispense the cash
他们非常愿意到处"撒"钱
and take the sin on themselves.
反正再多一条"原罪"对咱犹太人来说也是虱子多了不怕痒...
A theological sweetheart deal.
说起来就是有神学背景的私下交易 #
[喜儿没钱又馋驴包。找杨白劳借，
末了还说杨白劳糖衣炮弹腐蚀清白的无产阶级.
画面里这塑像好猥琐，好像是做了注解一样]
That's how Aaron got started.
这就是Aaron的发家轨迹
By the time he'd finished, in terms of liquid assets,
到他要收手的时候， 其流动资产显示
which is to say,hard cash, he was the richest man in England.
从硬通货的储量来说，他已经是英格兰首富。
And as you bankers out there know,
不过呢， 就像我们今天的银行家都心知肚明那样
a source of fortune can also be a source of great misfortune,
钱太多也很有可能惹火烧身
because it makes you a big fat target.
因为人怕出名猪怕壮，不是吗
Especially so when religion straps on its armour
尤其是当对方披上宗教外衣，全副武装的
to wage holy war.
挑起"圣♥战♥"
The coronation of England's crusader king,
到了11♥8♥9♥年，狮心理查-那位十字军东征的大明星
Richard the Lionheart,in 11♥8♥9♥,
加冕的时候
was the perfect pretext for mobs
一帮暴徒们找到了完美借口
to carry out their own murderous crusade
借着东征的名义蓄意行凶
against Jewish communities all over England.
对英格兰全境的犹太社区大打出手
And if the paperwork recording the debts that everyone owed
如果你冲进犹太人家里烧毁各种欠条字据
to these demon moneybags went up in smoke,
那么马上就有更多人有更多理由加入屠♥杀♥与劫掠
well,all the more reason to join in the carnage.
因为这些"魔鬼守财奴"人人得而诛之
Some Jews were offered the choice of conversion or death.
有些犹太人被迫在改宗与赴死之间做出选择
Horrifyingly,many chose suicide and the death of their own children
令人毛骨悚然的是，还有许多犹太人自己动手先杀子嗣，而后自尽--
rather than submitting to the mob.
也绝不屈从于暴徒。
The authorities - Church and Crown - were supposed to protect the Jews,
王权与神权本该在此时保护犹太人---
but that rarely prevented the poisonous spread
然而他们却无力阻止大众的反犹敌意
of popular anti-Jewish hatred.
像毒素般蔓延。
In Lincoln Cathedral, you can still see today
在今日的Lincoln大教堂，
the remnants of that medieval anti-Jewish folklore.
中世纪的反犹传说遗毒依旧处处可见
A stained-glass window shows a Jew,
你看教堂彩窗图案里， 一个犹太人---
identifiable by his red pointed hat,
戴着标志性的红色尖顶帽
[中世纪欧洲各地犹太人的标识性穿戴，意在区别犹太人与普通民众。
带有极大的侮辱性]
putting his own son in an oven for taking Christian communion.
因为亲生儿子参加过基♥督♥教圣餐仪式，就将他丢入火炉
And around the corner are the chilling remains
教堂里某拐角处，还有一处恐怖的牌位遗迹---
of a 13th-century shrine
牌位的主人是一名叫Hugh的8岁男童，
dedicated to Hugh, an eight-year-old Christian boy

生于１３世纪，而且是个基♥督♥徒。
who in 1255 was, according to popular report,
1255年， 根据"双眼雪亮的群众"报案
obscenely tortured and murdered by Lincoln's Jews
"可怜"的男孩被"Lincoln本地犹太人残忍♥虐杀"
in a black re-enactment of the Crucifixion.
"虐杀手法还恶意模仿了基♥督♥受难"
The Chronicle of Mathew Paris is still considered
我们都认可Mathew Paris的编年史
one of our best sources for the history of medieval England.
对中世纪英格兰的历史记载是最可信的资料之一
And he gives some of the poisonous flavour
即便是他，对于犹太人特立独行于基♥督♥教社会的种种"怪行"
of the fictions that fed into this gruesome tale,
也无法理解， 进而在记录历史之时， 大量夹带私货
playing with devilish virtuosity on the suspicions generated
曲笔之下，对这宗荒诞不经的传说加入个人臆像
by Jewish separateness from the rest of Christian society.
终于凭借他的精湛笔法，把一件捕风捉影之事
写成鬼影朣朣，恐怖阴森的"纪实文学"。
MAN'S VOICE: "A great number of Jews assembled in Lincoln,
Mathew Paris的编年史是这样记载的:
"Lincoln市乌泱泱的聚集了一大票犹太人"
"and with the concurrence of all,
"在他们喧嚣的各种附和声中"
"the boy was subjected to various tortures.
"那个男孩被处以各种酷刑"
"They scourged him until the blood flowed.
"他们鞭笞那无辜的男孩致其鲜血淋漓"
"They crowned him with thorns.
"还恶毒的给他套上荆棘冠"
"Each of them also pierced him with a knife,
"而且人手一刀无情的扎刺受害者"
"calling him 'Jesus,the false prophet.'
"一边叫嚣着'基♥督♥， 你这伪先知'"
"And after tormenting him in diverse ways,
"将其百般折磨之后"
"they crucified him and pierced him to the heart with a spear."
"他们把男孩钉上十字架，并且用一根长矛刺穿他的心脏"
[包括荆棘冠和长矛在内都是基♥督♥教圣经里基♥督♥受难的描述]
This libel received royal endorsement
这种恶意中伤甚至受到当时皇室的背书---
when King Henry III visited Lincoln
亨利三世为此造访Lincoln
and personally ordered the execution of the supposed ringleader.
并御笔亲断处死所谓的"元凶"
91 of Lincoln's Jews were sent to the Tower.
Lincoln市有91名犹太人被送往伦敦塔
18 were hanged.
其中18人遭绞刑。
Though never officially canonised,
"受害"男孩Hugh虽从未得到官方列圣
Hugh became known as Little Saint Hugh,
却也被大众称为"小圣人Hugh"
and his elaborate shrine in the cathedral
并因此位列"仙"班，为他在大教堂里精心竖起的神龛牌位
a place of popular pilgrimage.
也成为一处颇受欢迎的朝圣所在
It wasn't until 2009
直至2009年
that the shrine was re-dedicated and it was explicitly stated
重修该神龛并在其上面清楚的注明：
that the story was a "shameful libel and a fiction".
"此事迹纯属可耻的恶意中伤且完全虚构，"
An evil corner had been turned.
这真是邪恶势力的又一次突破
Not only were the Jews held hostage
在此事件中， 一贯将犹太人污为弑主之徒的
to the demonology that portrayed them as Christ-killers,
妖魔学说，不仅令犹太人深受荼毒
but the institutions that should have protected them from harm
还将教会和皇室也一并拖下了水
and which profited from their presence -
---而他们，已经通过犹太人捞够好处之后
the Church and the Crown -
却没有在危难之时保护犹太人
now endorsed the libel when it suited their purpose.
反而为了一己私利为谎言背书，对犹太人落井下石
On July 18th,1290,
1290年七月18日
King Edward I expelled the Jews from England,
爱德华一世下令从英格兰驱犹
relieving everyone of the inconvenience
所有债务人都"松"了口气...
of paying back their debts.
偿还犹太借款的"烦恼"全都一笔勾销
It took 700 years for the Jewish community to return to Lincoln.
直到700年之后， 犹太人社团才得以重返Lincoln市
Today,they worship
今天，他们终于可以再次自♥由♥的做礼拜
in what is believed to have been the medieval synagogue.
地点： 据信曾是一处中世纪犹太教堂。
PRAYING
Still reading from the same books,
念的经书没变
perhaps singing the same songs as their medieval counterparts
也许连唱颂的词曲都没变---就像他们的中世纪同胞那样
whose presence was no longer welcome in Christian society.