犹太人的故事（2013）

"带着诗意与激♥情♥的政见"
The first line of their song runs,
歌♥词的第一句写道:
"They used to tell me I was building a dream."
"过去他们常对我说--咱为美国梦奋斗，"
We all know who "they" are -
我们都知道这里的"他们"指的是
the fat cats who were surviving the slump - and what is this song doing?
成千上万突然间生活无着的人们
那么这首歌♥的意义何在呢？
Saying that American dream no longer survives?
难道就是要告诉我们美国梦完了？
You bet it was,
没错！
and it only got tougher still in Yip Harburg's lyrics.
而且哈伯格的歌♥词还只会变得越来越刺耳
'The song was a potted history of the American dream
这首歌♥承载着美国梦的历史
'fallen into the ash can, a song about American heroes,
在歌♥词里，我们看到的是美国梦的破灭， 看到的是
'the railway and construction worker,
那些平民英雄们包括那些曾经的产业工人
'the veterans of World War I reduced to begging
和那些曾经的一战老兵都沦落街头，
'and it took two new Americans,
这首歌♥的词作者和剧作者
'two Jews immersed in the ideas of justice,
这两位美国新一代犹太移♥民♥，带着周身的公义精神
以歌♥为刺
'to prick America's conscience.'
狠狠的戳醒了美国公众的良知
And above all,tragically,it's a dagger pointed at the heart
最重要的是，歌♥曲中还反映出一个直指内心的问题
of what had become of buddydom,that deep American ideal of friendship.
因为大众悲催的发现，原先引以为傲的美式路人互助精神
在人人自危的大萧条之下几乎荡涤无存
[buddydom一词找不到解释]
"Don't you remember, I was your pal,buddy?"
"你忘了吗？ 咱是哥们啊？！"
For the first time, that word brother becomes,
在歌♥词中，brother一词首次以buddy的形式出现
"Buddy,can you spare a dime?"
"哥们，好歹给点吧..."
# Say,don't you remember?
# They called me Al
# It was Al all the time
# Say,don't you remember
# I'm your pal?
# Buddy,can you spare a dime? #
PIANO CHORD PLAYS
It's not a bitter song,it's a man
哈伯格:"你看，这不是催泪歌♥， "
who was proud of what he did.
"这是某人在自豪的说那些‘想当年...’"
Now,you would think the audience
那么，观众的反响呢
out for a night out in Broadway would be horrified,be walking out.
是不是根本听不下去，触景情伤，以至退场？
They did nothing of the sort.
当然不是！
They stood every single night for an ovation,
实际上场场爆满，掌声雷动
cheered till they were hoarse.
观众们欢呼直至声嘶！
Harburg and Gorney had not only written a song
哈伯格与Gorney不只是写了首歌♥而已
that was an American history, they'd made American history.
他们联手写下了一段新的美国历史！
The election was just a few weeks away.
在总统大选开始前短短几周之内
Suddenly every crooner, Bing Crosby,Rudy Vallee,
陡然间，全美各大男歌♥手，比如Bing Crosby,比如Rudy Vallee,
wanted to record this confrontational anthem
都争相录唱这曲激♥情♥洋溢的
of the Great Depression.
“大萧条之歌♥”
The Republicans were terrified that it would elect Roosevelt
共和党人觉得此曲根本就是专门为罗斯福写的战歌♥
and attempted to ban it, and maybe it did.
害怕之下，他们试图禁止发行此曲。
也许此歌♥真的有助于罗斯福得胜，谁知道呢，
He was swept to power.
总之他大胜掌权
Looking back on it, Jay Gorney said,
后来回顾此事， 作曲的Jay Gorney说:
"That was the song of the American soul."
"这首歌♥代表的是美国魂！"
MAN SINGS
'Jewish soul, with its minor key melodies
再来看犹太灵歌♥，好用小调 #
[降调？]
'and plaintive but defiant vocals,
声乐部分忧伤，但充满反抗精神
'finds its musical kin in that other great family of American song -
与另一大支美式演唱派别极有异曲同工之妙
'Black soul music.'
即黑人灵歌♥
SOUL SINGING
'This is Joshua Nelson,a Jewish African-American singer,
这是Joshua Nelson, 犹太裔美籍歌♥手
[犹太/非裔美籍歌♥手 ?]
'who's married up "chazzanut", traditional Jewish cantorial music,
他将一种传统的犹太宗教颂唱音乐"chazzanut"
'with African-American spirituals in what he calls "kosher gospel",
与非洲裔美国黑人灵歌♥相结合，创造出被他称为"犹太福音歌♥"的音乐形式
'a fusion of kindred souls.'
算是同类灵歌♥的结合吧。
So,Joshua,is there something about the structure of the music,
Joshua, 在你看来， 从结构
the sound of the music, the insides of the music,
乐声，和内涵上来说
which is common between Black and Jewish experience?
黑人音乐与犹太音乐之间是有共同之处的对吗 ？
Kosher gospel music is experiencing that...
我所说的犹太福音乐曲，是一种多方面的集成
that shtetl experience in a way.
比如其中有对于隔都生活的感受和体验
You know,when the old cantors would...
你可以试着去感受旧时教堂里领唱的歌♥声
Nowadays,a lot of cantors,
当然，如今大多的领唱
the chazzanut,is not as intense as it used to be.
都不再激♥情♥澎湃，没有那么"带感"了
No,when I heard you sing it, it was absolutely electrifying.
对啊，我听你唱这些，绝对的触电HIGH翻！
Oh,thank you. It was like being in the 19th century.
呵呵，谢谢。 我的歌♥唱，希望能唱出19世纪的感觉
希望大家能感受到那个受苦受难的年代
And that's what soul is. Yeah.
因为感知那曾经的苦难，才是灵歌♥的意义
Soul is the neshama -
灵歌♥的灵字，在希伯莱语里就是neshama 灵魂或者精神，
it's the spirit inside of the body crying out from suffering.
因此这种灵歌♥就是你痛苦的心灵在大声疾呼！
Um,you take,for instance...
你比如说这样:
HE SINGS IN HEBREW
[希伯莱语颂唱]
HE REPEATS THE LINE
[加入灵歌♥唱法]
HE REPEATS IT MORE SOULFULLY
[用多的用灵歌♥风格来渲染]
..and,you know,it sounds very similar to... Yeah.
...所以...这种唱法，这样的声音表现
# When Israel was in Egypt's land
就像你在感受埃及之囚那样...你懂的...
# Let my people go. #
"容我的百姓离去"
[这类歌♥词在黑人礼拜合唱中极为常见.]
Hebrew,English,but the same spirit, and it's something like,
所以说， 不管是英语灵歌♥还是希伯莱语灵歌♥，
要表达的心灵感受并无差别
I always wondered how African-Americans and Jews,
就好象我总在琢磨为啥黑人与犹太人
who lived two worlds apart,
相隔万里的两个民族，两个世界
wind up both in ghettos at some point in history,
在历史上都遭受过"隔都"待遇--不管是什么形式的隔都
the shtetl and the ghetto,and expressing themselves musically.
而他们也都通过音乐来表达自己遭受的一切
These are all songs that were about social action.
因此， 这一类歌♥曲，重心在于其表达的社会行为
Yeah. It's very powerful
是一种极强有力的表达
and I think it's not necessarily a Black or a Jewish thing.
在我看来， 这样的音乐，无关肤色与种族
I think it's a matter of humanity.
这是人性的音乐！
'What America had taught the Jews is that the dream that they could be
在美洲的土地上， 犹太人学到了这样的道理:
'both Jewish and part of the wider culture in which they lived,
他们既可以做犹太人，也可以和谐融入当地的文化大圈
'a dream that was impossible in the old world of Russia,
这种在旧世界和沙俄的土地上无法实现的梦想，
'did actually have a chance of working out.
在美洲的土地上的确有机会成为现实
'And not just working out.
事实是，这一梦想不但得以实现，
'The success of their songs would take Yip,
而且， 随着音乐上的成功，
'the Gershwins and Irving Berlin
哈伯格，格什温与Irving Berlin等人得以横跨美国
'across America into the dream factory of Hollywood.
进入好莱坞梦工厂
'Of all the American industries that the Jews had been involved in,
在犹太人涉足的各种行业中
'this was the one that made the most powerful imprint on American life.
他们在娱乐界的成功最令美国人印象深刻。
'In the 1930s,all the big studios had been created
20世纪30年代，犹太人创建和经营着
'and were run by Jews -
各大电影厂
'Paramount and 20th Century Fox...
比如派拉蒙和20世界福克斯
'..Warner Brothers, run by Harry and Jack Warner.
还有Harry 和 Jack Warner经营的华纳兄弟
'And the big daddy of them all, MGM,
当然了，还有当时的业界老大---
'under the iron fist of Louis B Mayer.'
Louis B Mayer铁腕治下的米高梅
Those Jews had pretty much the same story to tell.
这些犹太人的成功故事大致相同
Their fathers,who'd been the immigrants
父辈都是移♥民♥
from the shtetls and Eastern Europe,
来自东欧各地的隔都
from the bad part of Germany,
或者是从已经变"色"的那部分德国逃出
had pretty much all been failures in the scrap metal business,
在美国要不都干过废品回收，后来都关门大吉
selling stuff off barrows on Hester and Delancey Street,
或者是在下东区的Hester 和Delancey街卖♥♥杂货
but their boys,their boys were hungry
不过呢， 儿子们的胃口就大多了
for something bigger and more spectacular
他们要的是做大做强
and,very often,they took time off,
而且，他们工作之余，经常给自己放个"假"
especially time off from Jewish observance,
暂离犹太传统和犹太守则
to come to places like this, to vaudeville shows.
溜号♥到这样的地方， 来看vaudeville show (美式杂耍剧)
[大约1880-1930之间在美加很红火，一票制娱乐大集成，
包括明星模仿秀，魔术，喜剧，名人讲座等等]
JAUNTY PIANO MUSIC PLAYS
Between the dog and pony acts and the busty sopranos
这种大秀里面啥都有， 有马戏；有女高音演唱；
and the flat-footed comedians telling slightly off-colour jokes,
单口相声黄段子什么的应有尽有，
there they saw the future.
在这些形色各异的杂烩之中，犹太人看到了一种新的艺术形式
一种未来：
They saw little picture palace shorts,
比如各种电影短片 #
news of the day,mini documentaries,
比如每日新闻，微型记录片
but sometimes little,tiny biopics.
还有各种微型人物志
And they saw how America would change through the movies.
他们认识到，电影这种艺术形式将会大大改变美国的面貌
'And it wasn't just about swashbuckling romances
他们制♥作♥的电影并非只局限于神马浪漫英雄主义
'or making huge sums of money, though they'd certainly do that.
或者只是一心钻钱眼---虽然赚钱的事也没耽搁
'They wanted the movies to be a school for working-class America,
在他们看来， 电影还应该致力于对美国劳工阶级的教育
'such a Jewish idea.
多典型犹太人的想法
'They'd exalt it with history,with the noble epics of world literature,
他们从历史和世界名著里取材制♥作♥电影
'creating on screen an ideal America.'
以期在银幕上创造一个理想化的美国
No wonder,out of all the possible birth dates
所以难怪Louis Mayer
that were claimed for Louis Mayer,
在各种可能的关于自己出生日期的说法里，
the one he chose was, of course,the 4th of July.
理所当然的选择了7月4日。
'In 1938,Louis Mayer would give Yip Harburg Hollywood's dream ticket -
1938年， Louis Mayer向哈伯格发出邀请