犹太人的故事（2013）

the insistence that you were
either for us or against us.
以及固执的非黑即白的论调。
Jabotinsky died in 1940,
Jabotinsky1940年去世
but his intransigent spirit did not.
但他那种极端不妥协的斗争精神传了下去。
But for some, Jabotinsky's
Iron Wall was a negation
对于另一些人来说，Jabotinsky的"铁壁"思路
of what Zionism
was supposed to be about -
是对真正锡安主义的否定
the realisation
of spiritual and cultural ideals
真正的犹太复国运动，应该是精神与文化理想主义的双丰收
and a rebuttal of crude power
politics and petty nationalism.
而非简单粗暴的拳头政♥治♥和狭隘的民族思维
The most thoughtfully tortured
of the idealists
比如哲学家Martin Buber,
was the philosopher Martin Buber.
就是因此饱受精神折磨的理想主义者
Buber had known
Weizmann and Jabotinsky
when they were all young Zionists,
此人与Jabotinsky和Weizemann一样，也是锡安主义者
3人从青年时代起就互相认识
but unlike them,
he didn't think Zionism
只是Buber眼中的犹太复国运动
had to be mostly
about matters of power.
不该只是拳头与力量
On the contrary, if Zionism
ended up merely reproducing
相反的是， 他认为如果复国运动
the power plays
of the rest of the world,
最终变得与其他的世俗角力别无二致的话
all of its achievements
would be merely self-defeating.
那么复国运动的所有功绩都只是自我拆台而已。
For Buber,
a true Jewish national revival
在Buber看来
真正的犹太民族复兴
had to be based on Judaism,
只能依托于犹太教义
and the principal of Judaism that
mattered most to him was simple -
Buber眼里犹太教义中最要紧的原则就是：
do not do unto others
what is hateful to you.
己所不欲 勿施于人
Now, the acid test of that
fundamental Jewish principle,
对于这一信条的炼金真火---
for Buber, was how Jews
treated the Arabs of Palestine.
用Buber的话来说，就是看你犹太人怎么对待巴勒斯坦的阿♥拉♥伯人
For decades afterwards,
whatever happened,
往后数十载，每逢阿犹冲突
Buber would insist
on the importance of that.
Buber就要站出来强调这一信条的重要性
大卫 本 古里安 住所 (特拉维夫 . 以色列)
Chaim Weizmann
was the diplomat-statesman,
刚才说过的各位名人:
Weizmann着眼于政♥治♥与外交
(Weizmann走的是高端路线)
Jabotinsky was the ideologue,
Jabotinsky则有些偏执理想
(Jabotinsky走的是极端路线)
Martin Buber a moral philosopher.
而Buber只是埋头于道德与哲学思考
What was missing if Zionism
was really going to work
那么，锡安主义和锡安运动要想行得通
as a concrete, successful movement?
要想成为一股强有力的成功的运动
The answer is
organisational politics,
还缺的就是 行之有效的组织政♥治♥
and no-one was as good at that
as David Ben-Gurion.
而这方面，没人胜得过 本.古里安
Ben-Gurion was the vital force
of hard-headed politics.
他是以色列务实政♥治♥的活力所在
He came from Plonsk in Russia,
本古里安来自俄♥罗♥斯♥的Plonsk
but he always said he'd never
really suffered very much
虽然身受过反犹攻击
from anti-Semitism
directed at him personally.
他却总是说自己没遭什么罪
So it gave his vision,
which he certainly had,
因此，使得他的眼界与众不同
a Bible-saturated vision,
他的远见卓识来自于对圣经的饱读
a kind of flinty optimism,
其人冷静，乐观
a sort of element of rejoicing in it
自然的带着一股子欢欣情绪
as well as a fierce sense
of political calculation.
另一方面，他的政♥治♥风格迅猛且工于心计
And it was this kind
of complex moral decency
正是这种内在的正统与道义情节
inside this human machine
of political cunning
辅以外在的冷静与精明的政♥治♥运作
that won David Ben-Gurion respect,
在以色列建国前后
both before and after
Israel's independence.
都为他赢得了广泛的尊敬
But the decades that lay
between the Balfour Declaration
从《宣言》之后到以色列建国之前的数十年间
and the Declaration of Independence
proved to be bloody ones.
可以说是充满了流♥血♥冲♥突♥
Despite the high hopes expressed
in Prince Faisal's letter,
Faisal王储的高端期盼只存在于纸面
opposition to a Jewish national home
among the Arabs of Palestine
现实中，巴勒斯坦阿♥拉♥伯人对于
在自己土地上冒出的犹太人家园充满抵♥制♥
had quickly turned violent.
并迅速向暴♥力♥升级
Arab attacks on settlements
and towns were met
阿♥拉♥伯武装对犹太城镇和定居点的袭击
with swift Jewish counterattacks.
换来的也只有犹太人马不停蹄的反击
Hunkered down in pillboxes
and fortified barracks,
英军依据着碉堡和层层防御的兵营
the British had brutally
suppressed Arab revolts.
对阿♥拉♥伯人的暴♥乱♥进行毫不留情的弹压
But at the same time,
同时，
they were slamming the door
on Jewish immigration to Palestine
他们也挨家盘查犹太移♥民♥
in the hope of appeasing
Arab opinion,
英军这种讨好阿♥拉♥伯人的做法
provoking mass protests
from the Jews already there.
只能在当地的原有犹太人群中激起大规模抗♥议♥。
横幅 "圣经说了算，英国人说了不算"
And at the same time,
同时期
[应该指的是纳粹掌权到欧战高峰期]
all over the rest of the world,
巴勒斯坦以外的世界
other escape routes
were being closed,
逃亡之路被逐条堵死
condemning to death
the Jews trapped in Nazi Europe.
被困在纳粹欧洲的犹太人只有死路一条
The Protestant cemetery in Jerusalem
耶路撒冷的新教♥徒♥陵园
[英格兰主要是基♥督♥教新教]
bears testimony
to the human cost to Britain
见证着托管时期英军方面的人员损失
of the "adventure" begun
by Balfour and his colleagues -
从贝尔福与他的同事们开始的"探险"
赔上了不少英国人的性命
soldiers and policemen
who died on active service,
包括执行任务时丧生的士兵与警♥察♥
some of them victims
of Jewish terrorism.
其中一些死于犹太恐♥怖♥分♥子♥之手
By the time the last man died,
英国最终无力承担更多的本国人伤亡
Britain had handed
responsibility for Palestine
退出托管巴勒斯坦，
over to the United Nations.
并将其交由联♥合♥国♥处理
In November 1947,
the UN recommended partition.
1947年11月， 联♥合♥国♥提议阿以分治
A viable, independent Jewish state
covering 56% of Palestine
通过国际社会投票 一个占了巴勒斯坦56%土地面♥积♥
had been voted into existence
自主自足的犹太国家
by the international community.
成为现实。
On May 14th, 1948,
1948年5月14日
at a hastily arranged ceremony
at the Tel Aviv Museum,
在特拉维夫博物馆举♥行♥了一场仓促仪式
David Ben-Gurion turned
the United Nations vote
大卫 本 古里安宣布建国，
into an historic reality.
坐实了联♥合♥国♥的投票决议。
TRANSLATION OF DAVID BEN-GURION:
The land of Israel was the
birthplace of the Jewish people.
大卫 本 古里安: "以色列的土地是犹太民族的诞生地"
Here, their spiritual, religious
and national identity was formed.
"犹太精神，信仰和民族身份都成形于此"
Exiled from their land,
"尽管被逐，千年离散"
the Jewish people
remained faithful to it
"流散世界各地的犹太人"
in all the countries
of their dispersion,
"依旧对祖地虔诚向往"
never ceasing to pray
and hope for their return
"日夜祈求重归故里"
and for the restoration in it
of their national freedom.
"只有在这里，才能重塑自主自♥由♥的犹太民族！"
But national freedom
had to be fought for.
当然了，民族自♥由♥不是请客吃饭
The Arabs rejected
the UN partition plan
分治决议，一如以往所有划分巴勒斯坦的尝试那样
as they had rejected every previous
attempt to divide Palestine.
遭到阿♥拉♥伯人的拒绝
The bitter civil war between
Jews and Arabs in Palestine
原先局限于巴勒斯坦的血腥阿犹内战
now became a war between
Jewish and Arab states in 1948
到了1948年升级为犹太国与周边阿♥拉♥伯诸国的战争
when armies from Egypt, Jordan,
Syria, Lebanon and Iraq
埃及，约旦，叙利亚，黎巴嫩和伊♥拉♥克♥
simultaneously attacked Israel.
同时发兵进攻新生的以色列
One of the crucial
battlegrounds was here
其中一处关键战场就是此地