犹太人的故事（2013）

In the summer of 1476 in La Coruna,Spain,
西班牙.拉科鲁尼亚. 1476年夏
the scribe Moses ibn Zabara
誊经员(手抄员)Moses ibn Zabara
(这里两个人名都是摩尔人统治末期的西班牙犹太人.与阿♥拉♥伯人♥大♥量混居.导致名字阿♥拉♥伯化)
and the illuminator Joseph ibn Hayyim
和 画匠Joseph ibn Hayyim
(这里暂作"画匠".illuminator在此特指装点圣经的匠人，插画，描边，美工字体以及各种贴金银箔片等等.把纯文字的圣经装饰成华丽图文版.其实完整的应该讲illuminator of manuscripts )
put the last touches to a masterpiece.
正在为他们联手打造的一件杰作收尾---
One of the most exquisitely beautiful books ever made.
迄今所制的最精致华美的书籍之一
It's a Hebrew Bible.
这是一本犹太圣经
But not the austere black and white kind I grew up with.
与我从小看到大的那些朴实的白纸黑字版大相径庭的是：
This is a kingdom of glowing colour -
此经 用色之丰富已达熠熠生辉之境
lapis lazuli blue, gold,rose carnation,
满目的青石靛蓝，金色，玫瑰红， #
and vermilion.
和朱砂色 #
A book so enticing you want to live inside its pages.
这部图文版圣经看起来如此诱人，使你恨不能溶入书中
And you wouldn't be short of company.
有各种华彩的人物与动物为伴，你在书中也不会形单影只，
There's Jonah and his whale.
(你看)这有约拿与鲸鱼；
[圣经故事]
King David on his throne.
宝座上的大卫王；
There are musical monkeys...
使乐器的猴子；#
fire-breathing dragons...
喷火的巨龙；
..battling cats.
还有冲锋陷阵的大猫 #
[也许cats指猫科比如狮虎，而不是猫。而且这些看着像羊...]
And on the last page, a contortion of naked figures,
翻到封三，画匠还巧妙的用各种扭曲的裸体人形(和动物)
which make up the Hebrew characters of the illuminator's name.
写成希伯莱字母 来组成他自己的名字
[...就我觉得恶趣味吗...]
It's a Bible overflowing with life.
这部美丽的圣经 洋溢着生气满满 #
But just 16 years after the Coruna Bible was finished,
然而，问世仅16年后
[即1492年摩尔人被赶出伊比利亚半岛.
基♥督♥教西班牙人占领全境]
the Jewish world that had made it
此版圣经背后的整个西班牙犹太族群
was brutally snuffed out by royal decree.
即惨遭(西班牙)皇室下令铲除。
In 1492,all Jews were expelled from Christian Spain.
全体犹太人于1492年被逐出基♥督♥教势力下的西班牙
Isaac de Braga,the Bible's owner,
出重金订制这本圣经的Isaac de Braga
and hundreds of thousands like him were sent packing
与成千上万的犹太同胞一起不得不卷铺盖离开
from a country where they had lived for over 1,000 years.
这片寄居了逾千年的土地
Reduced at a royal hand clap to destitute wanderers.
皇室一声令下，犹太人即沦为无产游民
Perhaps,in his wanderings, Don Isaac turned to this page,
也许，我们的Isaac大人在颠沛流离之时，
曾试图从圣经中的这一页寻求慰藉
for,in times of trouble,
对犹太人来说，每逢世事艰难，迷途踟蹰之际
Jews recite the affirmation of God's uniqueness,
都需诵读 示玛篇 ---
[出自圣经申命记.内容简单说就是‘认主’.] #
[宗教盲继续无力...]
the Shema.
上帝赐下的唯一证言(来平复内心) #
[Shema希伯莱语原意=‘听着’.完整为Shema Yisrael---‘听着，以色列的子民...’具体全篇请wiki]
"Shema Yisrael adonai eloheinu adonai echad."
男声希伯莱语诵读 示玛篇
"Hear,o Israel,the Lord our God, the Lord is one."
"听着，以色列的子民，耶♥和♥华♥，我们上帝，是独一的主..."
It was the Jews who had first given the idea of one God
在多神信仰的异教纷乱世界里，正是犹太人
to a pagan world that believed in many.
首次引入一神概念
The idea was taken up by others.
随后就被其他人广泛接纳
First,Christians...
先是 基♥督♥徒
and then Muslims.
而后 穆♥斯♥林♥跟上
[俩剽窃...]
New religions that saw Judaism as an unwanted grandpa religion,
可是，后浪都希望前浪赶紧死在沙滩上...
too old,too obstinate in its ways
犹太教对后学来说，就像歩履蹒跚，碍事的老者
to accept a new messiah or a new prophet.
固执地根本不愿意接受"后辈们"
关于新先知或是新弥赛亚的说法
[伊♥斯♥兰♥教尊默♥罕♥默♥德♥为先知. 基♥督♥教尊耶稣基♥督♥为救世主
希伯莱语'弥赛亚'=救世主]
And while the followers of Christ and Muhammad would have the force
所以，对于基♥督♥的信众和默♥罕♥默♥德♥的教♥徒♥们来说
of military empires behind them,
当他们有朝一日帝国♥军♥力强权在握之际
it was the fate of the Jews to be exiles
届时，在十字架与新月旗下的国度里，
in the lands of the cross and the crescent,
犹太人就注定要流离失所...
struggling to find a foothold on the narrowing ground
他们夹缝求生，找寻的立足之地，不过是立锥于
between grudging toleration and murderous hostility.
世人那目露凶光的敌意 与 捏着鼻子的容忍♥ 之间
It's a familiar Jewish story, but it's not the only one.
这(西班牙犹太人的故事)听起来在犹太历史上既耳熟能详，
亦屡见不鲜
Look at this Bible again.
再仔细看看这部圣经
Some of its most beautiful pages come spontaneously
其中某些最出彩的页面，都自发的取材于外界，
from Muslim patterning,
比如穆♥斯♥林♥风格的图案；
from the human drama of Christianity,
比如基♥督♥教风格的戏剧化人物造型
even from the mythic bestiary of the ancient pagan world.
甚至于带有古老神话色彩，异教气息浓重的动物寓言
Like Jewish experience itself,
这些都是犹太人根据(在外部大世界里)自身的经历见闻
it's a weave of different threads.
汇聚各种素材编织而成的。
What this Bible says to me is that even amidst torture and grief,
这部圣经要传达给我的是: 即便身处逆境，伤筋骨，苦心志，
even on the eve of destruction,
乃至于命悬一线之际
Jews took to heart what's on this page -
犹太众人依旧心怀圣训，
a verse from the Book of Deuteronomy,
牢记这一页圣经的教诲--即《申命记》上的这段：
"I have set before you life and death,blessing and a curse.
“我将生死祸福陈明在你面前，”
"Therefore choose life."
“所以你要拣选生命”
[以上抄自"福音中国.申命记 三十章 30:19
This is the story of how Jews lived amidst Muslims and Christians,
这里的故事， 是关于犹太人如何在穆♥斯♥林♥与基♥督♥徒的世界里挣扎求生
and how they tried to stay Jewish by opting for life.
以及他们如何曲线救"国"，顽强坚持着自己的民族特色。
犹太人的故事 第二集
RECITES PRAYER
Every year,on the fast day of Tisha B'Av,
每年的Tisha B'Av斋戒日
[纪念第一和第二圣殿被毁的日子.可以说是犹太人最伤心的纪念日]
Jews around the world dim the lights,
世界各地的犹太人都调暗灯光
light candles and mourn the loss of their high temple with prayers,
(一片昏暗中)在烛光与泪光中开始诵念祷词，
tears and lamentations.
哀悼毁于战火的犹太圣殿
2,000 years ago,Roman soldiers destroyed the temple in Jerusalem,
两千年前，罗马士兵摧毁了耶城的圣殿
the heart of Jewish worship, teaching and life.
也摧毁了犹太信仰，学习和生活的中心
In the wake of the calamity, the Jews were banned from Jerusalem,
为杜绝后患，罗马人宣布所有犹太人禁入耶城，
and displaced from Judea,
并命令所有犹太人异地安置，全部离开犹太省 #
severing the link between a people and their ancient sacred capital.
意在斩断犹太民族与其神圣古都之间的联♥系♥
A Judaism stripped of its temple should have withered away and perished,
将犹太信仰从其圣殿基石上拔除，希望看着它枯萎凋零
but Judaism survived.
但是犹太民族和犹太教却顽强的挺了过来，存活至今。
How?
我们怎么做到的？
By setting down rules for living
通过为日常生活的方方面面制订规则
[根据犹太教规定，除了安息日和节日外，13岁以上的
犹太男子在每日晨祷时必须佩带“塔夫林”-Tafflint
全套经♥文♥护符匣.就是这个片段里的各种手臂缠绕，
佩戴在额头等等动作。]
that would allow Jews to keep their identity intact
使得犹太人可以在耶城以外的处处敌意的世界里
in the often hostile world beyond Jerusalem.
完整地保持自己的犹太身份识别。
This is Sepphoris in the heart of Galilee,
这里是加利利区中心的Sepphoris遗址
[现以色列北部，该地有各时代古文明的大量遗址. 基♥督♥教还有部分人相信此地是玛丽亚老家]
one of the places where the bold reinvention
其中有一处保存着 当年古代犹太人
of an ancient people took place.
的一项大胆创造
It might look Roman but,in fact, this was a Jewish town.
此遗址看起来像是罗马式的，可是，实际上这是一座当年的犹太镇子
And around every corner, you would have come across buildings
(在这个镇子里，)几乎每个转角，你都有机会路过那种神奇的建筑物
that were giving Judaism its new lease of life
正是这种建筑，令犹太教在后圣殿时代
in the post-temple world.
重续生机
The synagogue.
这就是犹太教堂
[希伯来语=聚集处，聚集所，祈祷所. "synagogue"
是希伯莱语的英文音译.这套纪录片里所有的涉及犹太教
的专有名词皆如是]
And this is what that new Judaism looked like
在早期纪♥元♥里， 再生的犹太教
in those early centuries.
就以这种新面目示人
The temple is still here,
圣殿是还在
but it's a poignant memory depicted in mosaic tiles
可那只能是地面(石子贝壳)马赛克拼砖上所描绘的痛苦回忆而已
surrounded by the objects of temple worship.
你看那地上的圣殿图案，被各种仪仗和供奉环绕 #
The menorah ready to be lit.
有待燃的烛台
[menorah=希伯莱语的英文音译. 原意灯座/烛台 犹太人专用款.已经成为现代以色列的国家标志之一. 第一集也提过]
The bull waiting for sacrifice.
待宰的献祭公牛
The basket of fruit about to be offered to God.
还有供奉上帝的整篮的果品...
The Jews would never let go of these memories,
全都是犹太人刻骨铭心的记忆
but this was far more than a place of longing and regret.
不过，此地远不止是伤心流泪追悔之所
Just look at the zodiac that dominates the centre of the floor
就看地板中心那些天大地大的12宫图案
with its frankly pagan imagery.
和图案上面的那些不加掩饰的异教形象
Beautifully dressed calendar girls representing the seasons.
还有那些代表各季的盛装日历女郎们
Wintry Tevet.
你看有北风凛冽的Tevet月姑娘
[犹太历Tevet月.大约对应公历12月下半月与1月上半月]
Blooming,fertile Nisan for spring.
还有预示丰饶与万物复苏的Nisan月的春姑娘
[犹太历Nisan月.大约对应公历3月下半月与4月上半月]
[原来如今的日历女郎是古已有之...]
Clearly,the Jews of Sepphoris chose to live life
显然，Sepphoris的犹太人明智的选择了
in the here and now.
与时俱进
But if you're thinking,well,
不过呢， 如果你据此以为:"好吧，这地方"
this must have been a pretty relaxed place
"的犹太人生活看起来还蛮轻松惬意的嘛..."
where liberal laid-back rabbis would wink at a picture or two,
"也许那些自在的拉比们闲暇之余还曾对着这些乱七八糟的图案偷笑呢..."
you'd be absolutely wrong,
如果你真这么想，就大错特错了
because Sepphoris was a place of intense devotion and study,
因为实际上，Sepphoris的宗教气氛和学习精神是极端虔诚和严谨的
where every religious discussion came back to the critical issue
每一个讨论信仰的话题都会牵涉到"关于怎么做一个合格的犹太人以及
of how to be Jewish and how to stay Jewish.
如何保持自己的犹太个性不堕"---这一类至关重要的议题
Leading the discussion were the Rabbis,
牵头讨论的是拉比
[Rabbi 希伯来语 "老师".尤指传授圣经的师长]
the teachers with one eye on the past
他们一手抓规章制度，
with its pious veneration of the laws