犹太人的故事（2013）

"Avinu"---我们之父
Tzevaot - God of Hosts.
"Tzevaot"-主神
Ehyeh asher eyah - I am what I am.
"Ehyeh asher eyah"-吾即真♥主♥ #
These are the names of power
to be uttered only in sacred places.
这些充满力量感的称谓仅用于宗教场合
In the profane world, he is known
simply as HaShem - the Name.
而在世俗世界里，祂只能是"HaShem"---圣名
With no divine images or sacred
statues to channel their faith,
既然没有杂七杂八的神像或雕塑可供致敬膜拜
the Jews of the ancient world
expressed their allegiance to God
古代犹太人对上帝表忠心的时候
with animal sacrifices
before an empty holy of holies,
就在空荡荡的至圣所之前宰牲献祭。
the smoke rising from the temple
to the heavens
香火烟雾从庙宇中冉冉升起
with nothing in-between.
直达万物之主，宇宙真神 .
But there would also be
another channel of devotion
open to the Jews.
不过，对于犹太人来说，还有其他途径来敬神
The Hebrew Bible.
那就是犹太圣经
Sefer Torah, the sacred scrolls,
即“Sefer Torah”，“妥拉经卷”-神圣的经卷
[犹太圣经主要以这种经卷的形式出现]
containing the first five books
of the Hebrew Bible,
包含最早的犹太五经
are central to Jewish worship,
经卷是犹太教礼拜仪式的核心
objects of respect, veneration,
even love.
受到敬奉与爱戴。
CONGREGATION SINGS
A high point in any
synagogue service
从法柜中取出TORAH经来宣读，历来是 #
comes when the scroll
is taken from the ark to be read.
所有犹太教堂的礼拜仪式高♥潮♥之一
But before the reading takes place,
there's a ceremony
为了使信徒与圣经更好的融为一体，在讲经之前，
designed to bring people
and their sacred book together.
要先走一段为此目的量身定做的仪式
ORGAN PLAYS, SINGING BUILDS
Now, there's much in this service,
in the Reform tradition,
(比如片中所见)的这支犹太教革新派的礼拜仪式里，(虽然)有不少新奇之处
[片中所见的是犹太教的一个支派，名为 "Progressive Judaism"。最早源于欧洲]
that more Orthodox congregations
would find, well, unorthodox.
在正统犹太教众看来...应该是挺不正统的...
Women and men together,
(比如)男女混杂
female rabbis and readers,
the choir and the organ.
(比如)女性拉比(犹太教神父称之为拉比)；(比如)合唱...(比如)管风琴伴奏
And then there's that peculiarly
English touch - top hats.
还有那看起来蛮怪趣的英伦元素---高帽...
But whatever your tradition,
但是无论表达形式如何
the respect paid to the Sefer Torah
is common to all.
对于TORAH经的敬意是四海皆准的。
And every reading is preceded
by a moment of pure, sacred theatre.
而且每次讲经过程都显得那么圣洁 #
ORGAN PLAYS, SINGING BUILDS
This is the moment when Jews,
I think, feel most Jewish.
每当此时，我觉得每一个犹太人都真正找到了归属
The ark opens, you stand up,
the Torah,
随着法柜开启，众人起立肃然，
the scrolls of the law, are held up,
TORAH经--那记载着各种犹太律法的卷轴被主持人高高举起
and you smile -
at least, I always smile -
大家微笑着...至少我每次都如此...
at the pure beauty of it all,
注视着眼前这各种的圣洁纯美，
and it is an absolutely
extraordinary thing, this,
通过圣化经卷文字来释义敬神与礼拜，
the definition of worship
through the sanctification of words.
这绝对是了不起的一件事。
And it is, and was, those words,
而正是由于族人世代对这些经卷文字
read, remembered, perpetuated,
不倦的宣讲，记载与长♥期♥保存
that would ensure the survival
of Jews and Judaism
through the generations.
才确保了犹太民族和犹太教义绵存于世，经久不衰。
SINGS IN HEBREW
The scrolls are so sacred
that, when you read them,
圣经卷轴已经神圣到了大家必须避免
you must avoid touching the words
directly with a finger
of flesh and blood.
在宣经的同时用手指直接触碰经♥文♥
Instead, they're read
with a silver or ivory yad,
你只能用银制或象牙的手状棒子来边指边读 ("yad"在希伯来语中即"手")
as if the writing finger of God
were moving through the text.
(喻义)仿佛是上帝执笔之手指在字里行间指点着一般.
SINGING CONTINUES
And these words are not meant
to be read silently,
而且圣经不能拿来默念
but publicly, out loud.
你需要在大庭广众面前高声诵读
SINGING CONTINUES
The Hebrew word to read, "krya",
means as it sounds, "to cry out".
“read”在希伯来语中是“krya”，闻音会意---即“大声喊出”
And so, whatever your tradition,
the words of your Torah
所以呢，不论你是犹太教哪个分支，在教堂里诵读TORAH经
will sound out in your synagogue
for all to hear.
都必须是高声唱颂，以便众人皆闻。
The Bible started to be written down
around 2,700 years ago.
约2700年前，犹太人开始笔录圣经
What a moment in literature
that was.
那基本就是文学史上的惊天之举
What stories were delivered
to the world!
想想那些华丽丽的圣经故事给当时的世人带去怎样的震撼！
(90%以上的世界人口都是文盲...)
Adam and Eve,
Cain murdering his brother, Abel,
亚当夏娃，该隐轼弟(亚伯)
Noah and his Ark,
诺亚与他造的方舟
Abraham called to sacrifice his son,
亚伯拉罕向上帝献子
Jacob wrestling with the angel,
雅各与天使摔跤
Joseph and his coat of many colours.
约瑟和他的斑斓彩衣
(以上全是耳熟能详的圣经故事。我就不啰嗦了)
And that's just volume one,
上面这些林林总总的奇妙故事才只是圣经卷一
before Moses even makes an
appearance in his basket
of bulrushes.
比传说中的"江流儿"摩西的故事还要早。(用"江流儿"也是我一时冲动，后来倒觉得这样用也不见得不好，大家见笑了)
SINGING AND CHANTING
And these stories
from the sacred scrolls
这些源于TORAH经的各种圣经故事
are not the museum pieces of some
carefully preserved folk tradition -
不属于那种需要被精心保存，珍藏于博物馆的那种民俗藏品-
they still matter to people
in the here and now.
TORAH经其实与犹太人的生活息息相关，而并非高高在上不可触及
The arrival of a new scroll
from the scribe
就像现在看到的这种场面---人们载歌♥载舞地欢庆
is a cause for celebration.
一幅新缮制的TORAH经到来。
Embroidery artist, Aviva Rahamim,
刺绣艺人Aviva Rahamim
is a Jew living
in the Israeli city of Lod,
现居以色列Lod市，是个犹太人
but originally she's from an ancient
Jewish community in Ethiopia,
她来自埃塞俄比亚的古老犹太人族群，
known as Beta Israel.
即我们所知的“贝塔以色列人”
(请wiki搜索"Beta Israel"词条，有非常详尽的解释)。
But life for the Jews there
became perilous
随着埃塞俄比亚陷入内战与严重饥荒， 这一支犹太人的
when Ethiopia was plunged
into civil war and terrible famine.
生活开始滑向无休止的杯具...
In 1982, aged just 14, Aviva
and a small group of companions
1982年，年仅14岁的Aviva和一群小伙伴们顶着各种艰难险阻，
set out on a perilous journey on
foot to the Promised Land of Israel.
从埃塞俄比亚启程，向着以色列-那心中的应许之地 的方向步行
Her embroidery designs, which draw
on the imagery of the Bible,
她的刺绣作品基本取材于圣经故事
also reflect
her own personal exodus story.
同时反映的也正是她本人那堪比“出埃及记”的逃难故事
Call it the Book of Aviva.
我们不妨称之为“Aviva之书”，
AVIVA SPEAKS FOREIGN DIALECT
“Aviva在用外语讲述”
TRANSLATION: When I left for the
road, it was very difficult.
同声译:"我们一行人离家上路之后，实在是非常艰难"
There were predatory animals,
“荒野间野兽出没...”
there were robbers, bad people,
“盗匪横行...”
and there wasn't anything to eat
and there wasn't anything to drink.
“我们忍♥受饥渴...”
It was very hot.
“头顶烈日，不断跋涉...”
On the road, when people died,
they covered them with dirt,
“途中有同伴不幸过世，我们也只能哭着草草掩埋”
and they covered them with leaves
and cried.
“坟头盖上浅草落叶以蔽之”
It's painful, difficult, very grave.
“(想起来)既痛心，又难过，心情非常沉重...”
One leaves behind young men,
children who have died,
"我们留下同伴的尸体，其实年纪都很小，孩子而已" #
and then we continued with the tears,
with the pain, continued to walk on.
"然后我们含泪忍♥痛继续赶路"
For me, Jerusalem to the end.
"而我...最终得见圣城耶路撒冷"
On Shabbat, we did not walk,
we would wait.
“路上每逢安息日，我们都停下等待”
When Shabbat was out, we walked.
“直到安息日结束才继续上路”
At Passover, we ground flour
on the spot, cooked it and ate.
“到了逾越节，我们就地停下，和面(做无酵饼),生火烹煮分食”#
We observed kosher completely.
“我们可是一路严格遵守犹太教食规！”
(kosher基本就是犹太教《膳食法令》,吃啥不吃啥怎么吃各种明细规定。具体请wiki。懒得看英文也可以百度kosher)
If we were to make mistakes, we will
not reach Jerusalem, land of Israel.
“如果我们犯了错(在犹太教规方面)，我想是到不了耶路撒冷和以色列的”
God Almighty helped me. In spite of
all the bedlam that had affected me,
“在各种混乱艰险令我们手足失措中，全能的上帝帮我们渡过难关”
thanks to him, to God,
I reached Israel.