犹太人的故事（2013）

Yes! ..in the south end of base,
as though it is, um...
女声：“是啊”
男声：“位于盆地南端，看起来就像...额...”(背景两人持续交谈)
And there's the wonderful picture
of the place of assembly,
这张照片就是"聚集之地" (‘place of assembly’应该有专门的译法，可惜我是宗教盲...待指正) #
thought to be of the Israelites
gathered to witness Moses
coming down from Sinai
被普遍认为是西奈山脚的以色列众人聚集之处，在此目睹摩西
with the Ten Commandments
hot off the press, as it were.
带下那神赐的的律法，看起来"墨"迹未干的十诫。 #
What they're looking for
is a kind of theatre
男声：“考察团和测绘员们要找的大致类似于露天剧场”
or arena-like space... Yes.
..because they say,
“或者是个像圆形剧场那样的空间”
女声：“是啊”
男声：“...因为他们觉得--你看，圣经上说”
"Well, the Bible says there are
600,000 Israelites..."
“...至少有60万以色列人聚集于此...”
Yes, and they had to go somewhere.
"...and they all need to see Moses"!
女声：“没错，所以他们需要场地...”
男声：“这么多人都要看着摩西...”
Yeah. They've got to see him
coming down
女声：“...是啊...”
男声：“...这么多人都在注视着摩西手持刻着十诫的石板...”
looking angry
with the tablets of the law.
“怒形于色，从圣山顶上缓缓步下...”
It's not a bad contender,
this one, is it?
女声："所以要说照片上这地方就是当年的‘聚集之地’还挺靠谱，对吧"
No, it's fantastic.
Look, there it is!
男声：“对啊，看着就像，这地方挑的太棒了。”
Actually, it'd make a great...
“事实上，我觉得这地方看起来”
You know, the biblical rock concert.
Cecil B DeMille would be proud. Yeah.
“根本就是个圣经时代的伍德斯托克...”
女声：“没错，Cecil B DeMille也会喜欢这地方的”
(导演Cecil B DeMille, 55-56年曾在西奈半岛取景拍摄电影《十诫》，叫好又叫座，当年奥斯卡最佳视觉，吉尼斯世界纪录说即便考虑通胀因素，此片是影史第7卖♥♥座,前3甲是飘，阿凡达和星战)
DIGGING AND SCRAPING, PEOPLE CHATTER
各种考古动作声响...人们交谈中。
But the archaeologists who followed
in the century and a half since
然而之后的一个半世纪，后继的考古者们
have had to tell a more sober story.
却需要更清醒客观的看待事这些圣经故事
Despite a lot of digging,
尽管做了大量的挖掘工作，至今
no hard evidence has yet come
to light to make the Exodus,
在出土文物中仍未找到确凿证据来支持《出埃及记》和
or the wandering in the wilderness,
an historical reality.
‘40年荒野游荡’这一连串的故事的历史真实性。
Not a stone, not a clay fragment,
not a scrap of papyrus or parchment.
--不管是石头，陶片，纸莎草书，甚至是残片羊皮文稿...什么证据都没有
To find some of the first solid
archaeological evidence
要寻找某些最初的关于犹太历史的考古实证，
for the Jewish story, you have to
fast forward a couple of centuries
我们得快进几个世纪
from the traditional date
of the Moses epic
从传统上界定的摩西时代跳入现代以色列，到Elah谷地
and come here,
to the Valley of Elah,
in present-day Israel.
现代以色列，到Elah谷地。
According to the Bible, this
was where a giant called Goliath
按圣经记载，小羊倌大卫在此地
was brought low
by a shepherd boy called David,
仅凭手中的投石器(投石弹弓)
armed only with a slingshot.
KO了巨人歌♥利亚
The valley lies on what was once
an unquiet frontier
Elah谷地的位置，在古代并不平静.算是乱象频仍边界冲突区，
between the coastal people,
whom the Bible calls Philistines,
夹在铁器时代的山地居民--古犹太人与沿海住民之间--
and the hill people, the Judeans,
the Iron-Age ancestors of the Jews
圣经称之为Philistine人(腓力斯丁人)#
with their capital in Jerusalem,
a day's march northeast from here.
当时古犹太人的首都耶路撒冷在此谷地的东北方，仅一天的行军路程
And commanding the valley
was the Fortress of Elah.
在谷地负责领导防御的则是Elah要塞。
It was excavated by the Israeli
archaeologist, Yossi Garfinkel.
以色列考古学家Yossi Garfinkel发掘了此要塞。
And here, for the first time,
you have a heavily fortified city.
Yossi:"对，根据发掘结果，这地方我们首次发现了防守森严的城市"
Some stones are up to eight tonnes.
“城墙上有的石头重达8吨♥”
In just one layer,
it was suddenly destroyed,
“而被摧毁的城墙残骸全部堆积在一个层位面上”#
so it's a biblical Pompeii. Yeah.
“看似毁于一旦，可以说是个圣经时代的庞培...”
Yossi concluded early on
that this stronghold
Yossi不久前推断说，此要塞
must have belonged
to the Judean hill people,
必定属于当年的山地住民-古犹太人
not to the pig-eating Philistines
from the coastal plain.
而不是那些居住在沿海平原上的食用猪肉的腓力斯丁人
So, you found bones of goats and...?
SIMON:"那么你在此发掘出了山羊的骨骸和..."
Thousands and thousands
of animal bones were found
in this site altogether.
YOSSI:"...对，在这个遗址上发现了数以千记的动物骨骸"
Thousands? Goodness!
Thousands, yes, it's very common,
SIMON:"这么多？天哪..."
YOSSI:"对啊，非常的多，而且都是常见的牲口" #
and we have sheep, goat and cattle,
but we have no pigs at all.
"各种动物骨骸都有，绵羊，山羊，牛只牲口...全有...但就是没有猪骨"
So, the people here
didn't consume pork. Right.
"所以我说是这里的住民不吃猪肉" (犹太教禁猪肉)
SIMON:"是吧..."
Things got more intriguing
when the site was carbon dated
更有趣的是，经碳14年代测定，
to around 3,000 years ago,
a period traditionally associated
此遗址的时间约为是3000年前，正好与大卫王的统治时代吻合。
with the reign of King David, that
shepherd boy with the deadly aim.
也就是我们的小羊倌大卫---凭一手弹弓绝技逆袭，当了以色列国王
For many archaeologists today,
the Bible is a distraction
圣经于当代♥考♥古学家看来，毫无益处只会添乱，
with nothing useful to say about
what actually happened and when.
上面记载的时间线与发生的事件全都语焉不详
But Yossi Garfinkel
takes a more nuanced view.
不过YOSSI对此(圣经故事)颇有些自己的看法 #
So, it's not really important
if David and Goliath
are historical figures,
YOSSI:"我觉得大卫和歌♥利亚真实存在与否并不重要..."
but they are representing a process,
“重要的是他们所代表的整个一过程，透过这两个对抗的人物”
200 years of struggling
over the border.
"我们看到的是犹太部落与相邻部落逾200年的边境矛盾冲突与领土争夺"
This is, I think,
the biblical tradition,
“这，才是传统的圣经故事”
trying to tell us... Yeah.
“所要告知我们的东西”
..and not people taking,
you know, the story literally.
"而不是说大家就要把圣经故事句句当真"
You have metaphors here
about a much longer
“这些故事其实就是各种隐喻”
and much more stronger
historical processes. Yeah.
“其背后是一段远比我们所知要来的更久远且激烈的历史进程”
That's the way I understand it. Yes.
“我觉得应该是这样理解的。”
No, the Bible as an echo of some
sort of reality is a wonderful
way to put it.
SIMON:"是，我同意你这种看法，圣经就是与事实遥相呼应的。"
But the most intriguing finds
at the Fortress of Elah
而Elah要塞出土的最令人着迷的东西
give us our first glimpse
of a figure
令我们得以初窥那位在犹太人故事里无所不在的形象#
who looms very large in our story -
犹太一神教的核心--
the Jewish God.
犹太教上帝
This is really the earliest example
that we have of purification
YOSSI:"这是关于犹太人进入朝拜场所之前需要沐浴洁身”
before you enter a holy place. Yeah.
“(迄今出土的)的最早的证据"
'In cult rooms, complete with
their own purification basins
YOSSI指出的这个沐浴洁身处，位置在宗教礼拜室里
'and sacred vessels,
里面还备有沐浴盆和洁身用的圣水容器 #
'Garfinkel's team discovered a
little altar for sacred offerings,'
YOSSI的考古队在此发掘出了一处用于献祭的小型祭坛
and two model shrines, or arks.
外加两尊神龛，或者是法器(法柜) #
Tantalisingly, they are empty,
当然...神龛是空的...你懂得...
prefiguring the empty holy of holies
in the high temple,
这是唯一真神选中的地上居所
the chosen dwelling place on Earth
of that extraordinary
religious innovation -
对空膜拜，象征着犹太教圣殿中供奉的上帝，无影无形，万物之主。
这是犹太人在信仰上的非凡独有的创造---
the faceless, formless God
of Jewish monotheism.
犹太一神教！
That singular God was slow to emerge
一神信仰从古代世界的其他各文明
from the crowd of rival gods adored
in the rest of the ancient world.
及其诸神中缓缓浮现
And from the abundance of fertility
deities cupping their breasts
而且各种有关犹太人的遗址上也出土
found at many sites,
it's clear that it took centuries
为数众多的双手托乳的生育女神形象...
因此，很明显犹太祖先们接受一神信仰
for the ancestors of the Jews
to accept their God
绝非一朝之功，
as the one and only God.
而是历时漫长，逐渐形成的。
When he did emerge,
he would have neither face nor form,
一俟信仰确立，那唯一真神将既无面亦无形
but many names.
只是有众多称谓：
He was Elohim - God.
祂被称为"Elohim"-上帝
El - the Mighty One.
还有"El"-强大者 #
El Shaddai - the Almighty.
或者"El Shaddai"-- 全能的上帝
Adonai - Lord.
"Adonai"--我主
Elyon - the Highest.
"Elyon" - 至高无上的主 [貌似El是字根，难怪当时坐以航 叫El Al,看来沾上El的都必须高大上 ;-)]
Avinu - our Father.