犹太人的故事（2013）

SIMON SCHAMA: This is a Jew.
这是个犹太人
And so is this.
这也是...
This is a Jew.
犹太人...
And this.
犹太人...
And this.
犹太人...
And so am I.
还有我也是
So what, if anything,
do we have in common?
那我们犹太人的共性何在(如果有的话)？
Not the colour of our skin.
(我看)与肤色无关
Not the languages we speak.
和语言无关
The tunes we sing.
不在我们唱啥
The food we eat.
不在我们吃哪些食物
Not our opinions.
We're a fiercely argumentative lot.
也不在于我们的观点意见如何---我们犹太人历来能为各种事情面红耳赤的争论不停
Not even the way we pray,
assuming we do.
甚至与我们怎么做宗教仪式怎么祈祷都无关 #
What ties us together is a story,
连接着各地犹太人的---是故事...
the story kept
in our heads and hearts.
那常存于心的故事
A story of suffering and resilience.
故事里有我们历受的苦难...和我们如何一次次从苦难中崛起
Endurance and creativity.
故事里充满坚忍♥不拔...还有创新进取...
It's the story that made me
want to be an historian
in the first place,
我想当历史学家的初衷既源于这些故事
for I understood
when I was quite small
自幼时起
that there were two special things
about the Jews -
以我所知，犹太人有两点特别之处:
that we'd endured
for over 3,000 years,
我们犹太人在风雨飘零中历经各种磨难
despite everything
that had been thrown at us,
起起落落逾3千年;
and that we had an extraordinarily
dramatic story to tell,
且我们怀揣非凡精彩的故事向后世讲述；
and, somehow, that these two things
were connected,
谁能想到，颠沛流离的历史与充满戏剧性的非凡民族故事二者环环相扣
that we told our story to survive.
由是，我们靠着讲述自身的故事(记录本民族的历史)而延存于世，绵延不"熄"
We ARE our story.
我们犹太人即故事本身
In the summer of 1938,
an eminent, elderly Jew -
1938年夏，BBC采访了一位来自维也纳，
recently arrived in London
from Vienna -
初抵伦敦的
was interviewed by the BBC.
声名显赫的犹太老者--西格蒙.弗洛伊德
Dying of a cancer
that had eaten away half his jaw,
老人罹患绝症...口腔癌已经夺去他的半个下颌...
driven from Vienna by the Nazis
at the age of 82,
以82岁高龄逃离纳粹魔掌下的维也纳，
his daughter, Anna,
interrogated by the Gestapo,
其幼♥女♥安娜还遭盖世太保审讯
his life's work demonised
as Jewish science.
毕生学说被妖魔化.污为"犹太教科学" (参考及类似基♥督♥教科学.边缘化教派学说.最知名的就是不吃药不打♥针♥信上帝治百病.估计当时大众不怎么待见.当然区别也有-比如犹太科学教派信上帝也信医学...)
But Sigmund Freud
was now safe in England.
但此时，这位杰出的犹太老者-西格蒙德·弗洛伊德已经安抵英伦
Lovely, free, magnanimous England,
as he called it.
如他所言:"怡人，自♥由♥，包容的英格兰"
And he could return to the questions
that had haunted him for years -
脱离险境的他，得以回头继续思考那个纠结了多年的问题:
where did the distinct identity
of the Jews come from?
即: 犹太人如此鲜明的民族特性(征)究竟
And how, in spite of everything,
had it managed to survive?
从何而来？又因何能历尽苦难依然顽强不息，生生不灭？
Among Freud's collection
of ancient figurines and sculptures
在弗洛伊德的藏品中有各种属于早已逝去的宗教文化
from religions and cultures
long dead
塑像与雕刻品
was an artefact
that told a different story
其中一件与众不同，它蕴含着独特的故事，
about endurance and survival.
有关坚忍♥不拔与顽强求生
An ancient Hanukkah lamp,
这是一个古代光明节祭祀用烛台(九枝) 【请见维基Hanukkah词条】
a commemoration of the temple light
that tradition said kept burning.

It mattered supremely to Freud,
这对弗洛伊德来说意义重大
this little object
with its Hebrew inscription...
这支小烛台，以及其上镌刻的希伯来文...:
HE SPEAKS HEBREW
(说希伯来语ing...)
.."for the commandment is the lamp
and the teaching the light".
"因为诫命是灯，指教是光"
The Menorah is the most ancient and
enduring symbol of Jewish identity,
(7枝/9枝)烛台是最古老也最历久的犹太身份符号♥与象征
even for someone
who called himself a godless Jew.
这即便对于弗洛伊德这样自称"不信神的犹太人"也不能例外。
Godless he may have been, but Freud
never gave up on his Jewishness,
也许弗洛伊德曾经持无神论.但他从未(忘本)离弃自己的犹太特性
and as the dark stain of Nazi
anti-Semitism began to spread,
随着纳粹的反犹主义阴影开始逐步向全世界扩散
he proclaimed it
publicly and loudly.
弗洛伊德公开并大张旗鼓的表明自己的犹太人身份.
He was also driven to begin
his own exploration
同时也驱使他开始其个人对于
of the roots of the Jewish story,
犹太人故事根源的探索
work that would dominate
the final years of his life,
其生前最后数年时光基本沉浸于此类探索与研究工作中
first in Vienna and then in London.
研究始于维也纳，而后移至伦敦继续
Psychoanalysis,
Freud's great discovery,
弗洛伊德最伟大的学术成果--精神分♥析♥学
was driven by the belief
that in our origins
即源于他深信人类的一切行为
lay the explanation
of everything that followed.
皆可从人类历史之初觅得合理的解释
Dismayed by the dark hatreds
unleashed by the Nazis,
由于纳粹刻意散播的反犹种族主义歧视，弗洛伊德的精神分♥析♥学大受挫折，(倍受抵♥制♥与冷落.在当时欧洲主流学界等同异端邪说，比如恋母情结理论神马...)
Freud applied his theory
to the Jews.
于是弗洛伊德将其所创的精神分♥析♥学理论用来分♥析♥犹太人自己
At the heart of their story
was an old obsession of Freud's,
在犹太人的故事核心，是摩西--
Moses, the domineering father figure
这位长久以来令弗洛伊德痴迷研究的高高在上的犹太父辈形象；
who'd led the Jews
out of slavery in Egypt,
摩西带领犹太人出埃及逃离法老的奴役；
and had placed on their shoulders
为犹太人带来神赐的礼物---十诫，
the gift and the burden
of the Ten Commandments.
亦令犹太人从此肩负(上帝选民的)重托
As the Nazi horror closed in,
Freud came back to Moses in earnest,
随着纳粹恐怖临近，弗洛伊德自热而然的(从精神上)回归到对摩西的研究
and to ask the question
why, how and when
并提出问题: 犹太人离奇的命运
the peculiar destiny of the Jews
got started,
究竟因何而起？如何起源？又是始于何时？
and how was it
that the rest of the world
而且到底是什么使得世上其他人
so often had decided
to make them pay dearly for it?
如此屡次三番的要定犹太人为其命数(和鲜明的民族特性)付出惨重代价？
Freud's theory was outrageous.
弗洛伊德研究得出的理论(假说)骇人听闻
The ancient Israelites had rebelled
against Moses and murdered him.
(他认为)古犹太人反抗摩西并谋杀了他
But then,
consumed by guilt and remorse,
而之后出于内疚和自责
had adopted the laws
he'd carried down from Mount Sinai
犹太人方才全心意的接受并采用了
with an obsessive devotion
that had endured,
摩西从西奈山顶带下来的全套法典，
despite millennia of suffering,
exile and persecution.
纵然历经千年的苦难，流放和迫♥害♥，始终笃定无悔。
When it was finally published,
it caused a scandal
弗老的该理论一经出版即引起轩然大♥波♥，惊世骇俗的假说令大众震惊
which cast a shadow over Freud's
last few months of life.
也为弗老生前的最后数月蒙上一层阴影...
Something supremely important
had been lost
同时某些至关重要的东西(议题)也被淹没在
in all the yelling and shouting,
(由该假说而起的)各种声嘶力竭的争议之中---
and that was Freud's
passionate conviction that,
大家似乎都忘了，弗洛伊德一门儿心思的坚信：
by preserving their religion,
犹太人对于本民族宗教信仰的维护与传承
whether consciously
or unconsciously,
不管是有意还是无意的
the Jews had given themselves
an extraordinary possibility
已经使得他们有非凡的能力来尽一切所能
of enduring, not just as a faith,
but as a people,
令他们在国破家亡几乎一切丧尽的情况下
when everything else had been lost -
land, kingdom and power -
依然顽强存在，不仅作为一支宗教信仰独树一帜，也作为一支坚强的民族屹立于世
and that was the meaning
of the travelling Menorah
而这些正是弗洛伊德珍藏的这件便携烛台
and why Freud had kept it,
代表的意义所在(犹太人不管到哪都不忘本，正如他们随身携带光明节祭祀用烛台那样.)
the idea of sustaining an identity
犹太人总在想方设法地从知识上的，文化上的，或者宗教上各方面-
around things intellectual,
cultural and spiritual.
来保持犹太民族的身份识别与特征
下面是一段女声用希伯来语念有关逾越节祷词：(宗教知识为零。不敢译这段。请达人援手)
WOMAN SPEAKS IN HEBREW:
MEN AND WOMEN: Amen.
阿门.
BUZZ OF CONVERSATION
各种交谈背景音
Like Freud, every Jew, godless,
devout or anywhere in-between,
像弗洛伊德类一样，所有犹太人，无论有神论无神论，或在前两者间摇摆不定的
must find their own Moses and
their own place in the Jewish story.
都必须求索自己(心中)的(那个)摩西，找到自己在犹太人本族历史故事中的位置