流行病：如何预防流感大爆发（2020）

Hunting... I love hunting, myself,
我自己也很喜欢打猎
but that perspective of having this, like, live little creature is...
但拿着活生生的小动物 从这个视角出发…
They don't get that opportunity.
他们没有这种机会
They get the kill opportunity,
他们只有机会猎杀
but the live opportunity is always my favorite part
而每年春天来做这种研究时
when they come out in the spring to do it.
这种活的机会一直是我的最爱
I have a role where I can go out in the field,
我的角色让我可以来到野外
being part of the pulling of the birds and the swabbing of the birds,
参与捕捉鸟类 并且取样
and then taking those samples and being able to process them,
然后再对其进行分♥析♥处理
all the way to the end, to see the result.
直到最后 看到结果
That one sample you bring back and all the work that went into doing it,
你取回一份样本 需要投入很多工作
all the people involved in doing that, that one sample is so important.
会涉及到很多人 这一份样本非常重要
This knowledge gives the scientific community
这项知识让科学界有能力
power to predict and prepare.
进行预测和准备
（在黛布及其团队 从巴吞鲁日搜集的样本中）
（未检出新流感毒株）
（在秋季鸭群迁徙回来时）
（黛布将再对它们取样）
（越南北山县）
As the human population grows, we see an increased appetite for animal protein.
随着人口增长 对动物蛋白的需求也与日俱增
And in response, we are raising livestock at unprecedented levels.
因此 我们正以前所未见的规模 饲养牲畜
The problem with that is that the sheer number of animals in a confined space
问题在于让如此大数量的动物 生活在狭小空间里
elevates the risk for a virus to spread and mutate at a rapid pace.
也增加了病毒快速传播和变异的风险
While we can't predict where the next influenza pandemic is gonna come from,
虽然我们无法预测 下次流感流行会从哪里起源
there are certain places that need particular attention.
但有一些地方需要特别关注
And China is one of those.
中国就是其中之一
It's the place where we've seen the emergence
在过去半个世纪中
of virtually all of the deadly influenza viruses over the last half century.
实际上所有致命流感病毒 都是在这里出现的
And it's right across the border from Vietnam.
而越南就在边境对面
And so we set up across five different border markets
所以在流感季中
during the influenza season,
我们在五个不同边境市场中
a routine monitoring of what in fact was coming across.
都在进行常规监控 检查跨境而来的是什么
We know from recent history
我们已从最近历史中得知
the consequences of poorly monitoring the emergence and spread of bird flu.
监控不到位的后果 也就是禽流感的出现和扩散
We at WHO believe that the world is now
我们世界卫生组织相信
in the greatest possible danger of a pandemic.
世界正面临着最危险的流行病
In 2005, a new avian flu, H5N1,
在2005年 一种新的禽流感 H5N1
had spread out of China and across Southeast Asia.
从中国扩散到了东南亚
The Vietnamese government decided that
越南政♥府♥决定
they could not, um, coexist with H5N1.
他们和H5N1势不两立
They had to take draconian steps to really bring it under control.
他们不得不采取严苛手段来控制病毒
Vietnam began culling millions of chickens.
越南开始扑杀数以百万的鸡
The virus began to dramatically spread
病毒开始剧烈散播
beyond Southeast Asia, into Europe, and as far as Egypt.
从东南亚传播到了欧洲 最远到了埃及
In September, 2005, the World Health Organization
2005年9月 世界卫生组织估计
estimated that avian influenza pandemic
这次禽流感大流行
could kill up to 150 million people worldwide.
可能会在全球杀死1.5亿人
The national government essentially made a commitment
越南政♥府♥下定决心
to vaccinate virtually every chicken and duck, um, in Vietnam
要为国内所有鸡鸭进行接种
to try and break the back of the outbreaks.
试图阻止疫情传播
And within four months, they succeeded.
不到四个月 他们成功了
Every epidemic is an opportunity to learn.
每次疾病流行都是一次学习机会
We do this all the time.
我们一直都在这么做
We are constantly monitoring,
我们在持续监控
because you never know when something is going to show up in an animal
因为你永远不会知道 会有什么东西出现在动物身上
and then make the leap to humans.
然后就跳跃到人类身上
Karma?
卡尔玛？
Where is she hiding?
她躲哪里去了？
Little cat!
小猫咪
Come and say hi.
起来打招呼
Then let's sit outside in the garden.
我们去花♥园♥里坐坐
（埃及开罗）
Welcome, little cat!
欢迎 小猫咪
This is pretty much home now.
这里差不多算是家了
I've been here since 2008.
从2008年起 我就来到了这里
My wife, Marwa, we've been married for 16 years.
我的妻子 玛瓦 我们结婚16年了
She's, uh, from Egypt.
她是埃及人
I was born in Lebanon in 1975.
我在1975年出生于黎巴嫩
That's the year that the Lebanese Civil War started in Beirut.
正是那年 黎巴嫩内战从贝鲁特爆发
I was born in the city at its worst.
我出生于那个城市最糟糕的时刻
And since then, it never really bounced back and always had trouble.
在那之后也一直没能恢复 一直有问题
Lebanese people, we tend to migrate a lot,
我们黎巴嫩人很倾向于移♥民♥
simply because there are no opportunities.
因为在那里没有机会
So for me, I was lucky,
对我来说 我很幸运
because I had the chance to go and get educated out in the West.
因为我有机会在西方接受教育
The kids have been born here.
孩子们都出生在这里
Adam who is 14, and Karma, who's gonna be turning five.
亚当14岁了 卡尔玛就要满5岁了
What are you going to play at the concert?
你准备在音乐会上演奏什么？
"Back in Black."
《回到黑暗》
You didn't learn any Arabic songs whatsoever?
你就没学点阿♥拉♥伯歌♥曲吗？
Where we are here, it's a little bit quieter than the rest of Cairo.
我们这地方比开罗其他地方要安静点
So, we get to enjoy a little bit of peace,
所以我们能享有一点安宁
but the hustle and bustle is always accessible.
但喧嚣气氛离这里也不远
Cairo's a big city.
开罗是个大城市
It's about 25 million people, so it's quite large.
有两千五百万人口 所以非常大
Very, very extensive.
非常非常广阔
My work focuses on avian flu and Egypt is a hot spot for that.
我的工作重点是禽流感 而埃及正是禽流感热点
2005, 2006, the avian influenza virus started moving out from China to Egypt.
在2005年 2006年 禽流感开始从中国传来埃及
So we have been struggling with it ever since.
从那之后 我们就一直在挣扎
It comes back every year.
每年都会卷土重来
And this is what motivates us to continue our work in Egypt.
这也是我们继续在埃及工作的动力
Karma?
卡尔玛？
My kids, they know in general what I do.
我的孩子们大概知道我在做什么
But I tend not to bring work back home, because I like to really dedicate
我不想把工作带回家 因为我想把在家的大部分时间
most of my time when I'm at home to the family.
都留给家人
He's away a lot, actually.
他实际上在家时间不多
But, uh, we learn to cope with it.
但我们在学会克服
Shall I tickle you?
要你挠你痒痒吗？
It's tough on Karma because she's a little girl
这对卡尔玛很艰难 因为她是个小女孩
and she asks a lot about him when he travels.
他爸出差时 她经常问起他
When she wakes up in the morning and asks, "Where's Daddy?" she's always sad.
她经常在早晨起床时问 “爸爸在哪里？”
I never spend more than two to three weeks here in Cairo.
在开罗的家里 我从未连续待过两到三周以上
I spend half of my time in Lebanon
我有一半的时间都在黎巴嫩
and then either the United States, or somewhere in Europe,
然后不是在美国 就是在欧洲什么地方
or somewhere in Africa, depending on what's going on.
或是在非洲什么地方 视情况而定
It's hard, but that's the nature of the career.
很难 但这份职业就是如此
These viruses are circulating all the time.
病毒随时都在流通
I'm trying to keep up.
我得要跟上
（第五章 了解你的驱动力）
（印度拉贾斯坦邦斋浦尔）
This morning, through a call from the control room...
今天早上猪流感防控室 来电♥话♥通知我们
I got to know about your two children who are positive.
我得知你有两个孩子被确诊了
（梅娜阿胡贾医生 是斋浦尔快速反应小组成员）
（负责控制流感扩散）
What happened to the five-year-old child?
五岁的孩子怎么了？
Only cough and fever.
只有咳嗽和发烧
-Since when he is sick? -Since January, he was sick.
-他是什么时候得病的？ -他从1月起就病了
This medicine, Tamiflu, is given to treat swine flu.
这种药 达菲 给你用来治疗猪流感的
You too, from today onwards will start taking medicine with them.
你也是 从今天起跟他们一起服药
You know how swine flu spreads?
你知道猪流感是怎么传播的吗？
When we're sneezing, coughing?
通过打喷嚏和咳嗽
Look on his face. Need to keep this clean.
看他的脸 得要保证清洁
These are my children, this much I will definitely do.
这是我的孩子 这些我肯定会做的
In the beginning, it was not spreading so much,
一开始时 传播不那么严重
so the government did not pay much attention.
所以政♥府♥也没留意
But now prevention care has increased.
但现在预防工作加强了
For that, we have implemented this strategy.
为此 我们执行了这种策略
Which pregnant lady were you talking about?
你说的孕妇是谁？
-Nasira! -Come up.
-纳西拉 -上来
We'll go down.
我们下去
-Let's go downstairs. -Call her. What's her name?
-我们下楼去 -叫她 她叫什么？
This is a very densely populated area. Many families.
这里人口非常稠密 有很多家庭
One germ can multiply into thousands
一个病菌能增殖到成千上万
and spread rapidly and continuously, so the whole community is affected.
并且迅速持续的传播 所以整个社区都被影响了
When did you learn about the pregnancy?
你什么时候知道自己怀孕了？