流行病：如何预防流感大爆发（2020）

每天有超过三千个商业航♥班♥ 经过纽约市各机场
If a passenger arrives in New York City with a novel disease like H7N9 flu,
如果一名带着新型疾病的乘客
例如H7N9流感 到达了纽约市
it can very well begin to spread undetected.
疾病就能够开始扩散并不被察觉
This is an airborne virus,
这种病毒能够通过空气传播
so things like coughing and sneezing, mere fact of just breathing,
咳嗽、打喷嚏 甚至是呼吸
is a way of spreading this disease.
都是传播疾病的方式
Because there is no prior immunity...
由于没有事先免疫
the outbreak would proceed very aggressively.
疫情爆发会非常猛烈
There's 8.6 million people here in New York City.
纽约市有八百六十万居民
Every day, hospitals operate at over 100% capacity.
每天医院都在超负荷运行
In a matter of weeks,
只需要几周时间
a novel virulent influenza strain will incapacitate our city.
一种新型的强毒流感毒株 就能让我们的城市无力抵抗
（两周）
The demand for burials will become overwhelming
葬礼会变得供不应求
and morgues will begin to overflow, just like we saw in 1918.
停尸房♥都会容纳不下尸体 就像我们在1918年见到的那样
Within one month, the virus can spread throughout the country,
不到一个月 病毒就能传遍全国
（一个月）
and within a month after that, could be widespread throughout the world.
再过一个月 就能传遍全世界
（两个月）
And all it would take is just one person.
只需要一个人就能引起这一切
（民♥主♥刚果 戈马）
Eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo
民♥主♥刚果东部
are struggling to contain the second-worst outbreak
正在试图控制历史上第二严重的
of the deadly Ebola virus in history.
致命埃博拉病毒疫情
More than 1,100 people have died from the deadly virus
在与三国交界的两个省份中
in two provinces along the borders of three countries.
已经有超过1100人死于这种致命病毒
Experts fear the outbreak is increasing and that the virus could soon spread.
专家担心疫情将会加剧 病毒很快将会扩散
In Ebola, you miss one case, it can trigger six more and then multiply.
涉及埃博拉时 只要错过一个病例
就会再传染六个 然后再倍增
For us, it's the worst scenario.
对我们来说 这是最糟糕的情况
There's the ETC visit. Um...
这是去埃博拉治疗中心探访
There's also hopefully time to stop by an ITC training.
也希望能有时间做个简短的 埃博拉防控培训
Mmm-hmm. They want to know for the UN, what we are doing...
他们想要知道 对于联♥合♥国♥来说 我们在做什么
and what are the key challenges and how we address them.
关键挑战有哪些 我们将如何应对
（米歇尔姚医生 被世界卫生组织派来）
（控制目前的埃博拉疫情）
Goma is a very dense city.
戈马是个人口很稠密的城市
Because of population movement,
由于人员流动
the risk of Ebola moving towards Goma is very high.
埃博拉向戈马蔓延的风险很高
The outbreak started in a place called Mangina,
疫情开始于曼基那的一个家庭
with a family, and from there it moved to Beni city,
然后蔓延到了贝尼市
and from Beni people moved to Butembo, where the situation has exploded now.
然后又被人从贝尼带到了布滕博 在那里疫情发生了爆发
We are hoping that it doesn't reach Goma.
我们希望疫情不要蔓延到戈马
We have two million people.
这里有两百万人
With a high-density population, actually, Ebola can become incontrollable.
这么稠密的人口 会让埃博拉变得无法控制
And the risk that it can actually spread to other countries is very high.
蔓延到其他国家的风险很高
Hello, everyone, hello.
你们好 各位
（米歇尔在检查一处路障）
（为阻止埃博拉蔓延到戈马 而设置的检查点）
People with a high temperature.
体温高的人
A high temperature, we will direct them to here.
体温高的人会被带来这里
All right.
好的
Let's continue.
继续
To survive from this virus,
要在这种病毒面前幸存
the objective in Ebola is to move faster.
面对埃博拉时的目标就是要更快
-Detect the first case, -
发现第一个病例
isolate the case...
隔离病例
and then stop the chain of transmission.
阻断传播链
One patient moving from these Ebola-affected places to Goma...
只要有一位病人从埃博拉肆虐的地区 来到戈马
and it can easily be...
很容易就会…
a disaster.
酿成一场灾难
Ebola virus is one of those viruses
埃博拉病毒
that is largely spread by direct physical contact
主要靠人与人之间
between one person and another.
直接身体接触进行传播
When there is an outbreak,
所以当疫情出现时
it's largely contained within a defined geographic area.
很大程度上 会被控制在特定的地理区域内
Influenza and respiratory viruses are the ones that you're most concerned about,
在传播方面 流行性感冒 和呼吸道病毒 才是最被关切的疾病
in terms of being able to spread rapidly from one human to another
因为它们能够在人际间迅速传播
and spread around the world very quickly.
还能快速蔓延到全世界
By way of example,
举例来说
the Ebola virus that spread in West Africa from 2014 to 2016,
在2014年到2016年间 蔓延西非的埃博拉疫情
the worst Ebola outbreak in history,
是史上最严重的埃博拉疫情
largely stayed within the three countries in West Africa.
主要蔓延在西非三国中
One traveler went to Nigeria, one traveler went to Dallas, but they never spread.
一名旅客去了尼日利亚 一名去了达拉斯 但都没有蔓延
And 30,000 to 50,000 people were infected,
约有三到五万人被感染
as opposed to H1N1 pandemic influenza virus,
相对来说 H1N1大流行性流感病毒
sometimes referred to as swine flu, that emerged in the spring of 2009.
有时也被称作猪流感 出现于2009年春季
Within 12 months, it had spread around the world and infected two billion people.
在12个月内蔓延到了全世界 感染了二十亿人
The 50,000 versus two billion
五万对二十亿
tells us the challenges of dealing with an influenza-like virus,
在应对流感类病毒时 挑战在于…
simply by virtue of how easily and rapidly it can spread.
病毒传播有多么容易和迅速
It was just a matter of luck
还真算运气好
that the swine flu variant of 2009 wasn't more lethal.
2009年的猪流感变种没有更加致命
Had it been, hundreds of millions of men, women, and children would have died.
不然的话 可能会死亡上亿的 男人 女人和儿童
（美国亚利桑那州图森）
We were traveling along with the Honduran caravan,
我们跟随着洪都拉斯移♥民♥队伍北上
and...
然后
we crossed over a fence that was in the way
我们穿过了放在路上的围栏
and we ran into an officer further up the road.
我们沿路继续前进时撞见了一位警官
He caught us.
他逮捕了我们
We were taken to...
我们被带到了…
it was like a prison.
一个像是监狱的地方
We were kept there for two days and transferred to a different one,
我们在那里被关了两天 然后被转到了另一个地方
until we finally got here.
直到最后我们被送来了这里
It's hard for me to listen to them tell about how they walked, and walked,
听到他们的经历我真是太难过了 他们一直跋涉
and how some of the Mexicans took advantage of them
又被墨西哥人占了便宜
and stole their money, and how the women were badly treated.
偷走了他们的钱 女性还被虐待
I can't get in my head what they've been through.
我真是无法理解他们的经历
All I can do is make them feel better now.
我所能做的就是让他们感觉好些
Hey, little one.
嘿 小家伙
Boom!
嘣
Boom, boom, boom...
嘣嘣嘣
Here, you've gotta watch where you're going.
你得要看路才行
How's that? Better?
怎么样？好点了？
Well, see ya.
好吧 再见
You've got a little one.
还有个小家伙
Good afternoon, how are you?
下午好 你们好吗？
Please come with me this way.
请跟我来 这边走
Hi! Say hi to me, how are you?
你好 你们好吗？
Come stand here with me, come.
很好？各位请跟我来
These papers that you have here are the most important thing you have now.
这些文件是你们现在最重要的东西了
This is your legal status in the US, okay?
这是你们在美国的合法身份
With this, you can take your kids to school.
好吗？因为有了这个 你才能送你的孩子们上学
You can take them to the doctor if you need help.
在需要帮助时 你才能带他们去看医生
I want to make it clear, you are no longer detained.
我想要说清楚 你们不再被羁押了
You are free.
你们自♥由♥了
-We are free, right?
我们自♥由♥了 对吧？
I think we are... -
好的 我觉得是
Now, you're okay here...
你在这里会没事的
You're good, okay?
你没事了 好吗？
Please, try to relax, I know you're still very tense.
我知道你们依然很紧张
But not anymore, okay?
请放松一点
You're all from Honduras?
你们都是从洪都拉斯来的？
Yes, all of us.
-是的 所有人 -是吗？
How much time did you spend at the ICE center?
你们在移♥民♥及海关执法局中心 待了多久？
-Two weeks. -Two weeks.
-两周 -两周
How many days were you traveling?
你们跋涉了多少天？
-Twenty-two days. -Twenty-two days?
-22天 -22天
Does she want any ibuprofen?
她想要点布洛芬吗？
When people have been experiencing adverse circumstances
当人在经历逆境时
such as inadequate food and water, dehydration and particularly stress,
例如食物不足、脱水 特别是还有压力时
all those factors would increase risk in terms of getting flu
所有这些因素会增加
and other illnesses as well.
感染流感和其他疾病的风险
Is it getting better? Is she able to eat right now?
有好转吗？她现在能吃东西了吗？
We knew that these refugees had been kept all together
我们知道这些难民