与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S04E08

Part 2 April 19, 2021, 2:54 p.m.

So we'll be able to see what's underneath the pigment,
是否存在某些东西位于染料
if there's something between the pigment
和石膏雕塑本身之间
and the plaster bust itself.
在他位于亚利桑那大学的实验室中
In his laboratory at the university of Arizona,
查尔斯的实验设备可以用从可见光
Charles had exotic instruments that can examine objects
到不可见光所有波长范围的光
at resolutions across all ranges
检测物体
of visible and invisible light --
比如X射线、紫外光、红外光等
x-rays, ultraviolet, infrared,
这类仪器比人眼敏锐
and machines that see millions of times sharper
上百万倍
than human eyes.
这台电子显微镜可以看到雕塑上，看似光滑的红色染料中的
This electron microscope can read the rough molecular surface
粗糙的分子表面
of the bust's seemingly smooth red paint.
而他所有“收藏品”中的御宝
The crown jewel of his collection
是一台可以检测原子间空隙的仪器
is a machine that reads the space between atoms,
这可以帮助物理学家以完全不同的方式
giving physicists a completely different way
观测分子是如何构建的
of looking at how molecules are constructed.
如果你只用自己的眼睛
If you only have your eyes,
看一些东西，你认为你已经了解它了
you look at something, you think you understand it.
可当你用更多的工具来观察它
Turns out that the more tools you have to look at something,
你就又能得到更多的信息
it reveals much more information.
所以真实是一个远比我们想象的
So reality is a much more complex thing
更为复杂的东西
than we think about.
我们用越多的手段研究真实
The more ways we have studying of reality,
就越能体会到真实是一个
the more we realize reality is a bigger picture
比我们能够理解的范围更宏大的图景
than we could possibly have understood before.
并没有一种进化压力
There is no evolutionary pressure
促使某种生物进化到可以看清现实
to create an animal that sees reality as it really is.
我们只进化出了我们需要看到的“真实”
We have evolved to see the reality we need to see.
当我们看到什么东西时，我们的大脑
When we see something, how our brain interprets it
并不会按照进入我们眼球的情况进行说明
isn't usually what exactly is imprinted on our eyeball.
我们不是摄像机
We're not a camera.
我们的视网膜后面还有一个大脑
We have a brain behind our retinas.
这个脑可以处理信息
And the brain processes the information
告诉我们它想看什么
and tells us what it wants us to see.
我们身边的世界中
There is so much visual information
有太多的视觉信息
in the world around us that it turns out
而大脑给了我们有限的注意焦点
our brain gives us a limited spotlight of attention,
这样我们就能集中注意力于我们面前的事情
where we focus our attention on exactly what's in front of us,
忽略掉其他地方正在发生的事
ignoring things that go on everywhere else.
当你的注意力被什么东西吸引时
When your attention's attracted by something,
神经细胞就会增强
neurons enhance the sensitivity
你对视场中♥央♥区域的敏感性
of the central region of your field of vision
并抑制对周围区域的敏感性
and suppress the sensitivity of the surrounding regions.
我们就这样通过双眼看世界
And this is how we see the world -- through binoculars.
我们只能看到
We see only a tiny fraction
面前的真实的一点点片段
of the reality that's in front of us.
有过多的感知信息
There is so much sensory information,
过多的视觉信息
so much visual information
将它们全部处理实际上是不可能的
that, in fact, it's impossible to process it all.
所以每个人的大脑、每个动物的大脑
So everyone's brain, every animal's brain
都被进化设置为只接受
has been programmed by evolution to accept
信息的一小部分并对其进行处理
only a small fraction of the information and process it.
否则就会过载
Otherwise, there'd be total overload.
但真实并不是单纯的决定于你或我是如何看世界的
But reality isn't defined solely by how you or I see the world --
而是我们共享的东西
it's something we share.
我们靠别人的观察
We check our observations
来检验自己的观察
against the observations of others.
如果我们在什么是真实的问题上存在分歧
If we didn't agree on what is real and what is not,
社会就不能运作
society couldn't function.
但这个人认为
But this man believes
我们共同认为的现实才是最大的幻象
our shared reality is the greatest illusion of all.
我并不是真实的
I am not real.
你看到的我只是屏幕上上千个发着光的
You are looking at thousands of glowing, colored dots
彩色点组成
on a screen.
这些点的模式
The pattern of these dots changes
在每30分之一秒后改变一次
once every 30th of a second,
这样就创造了运动的影像
creating the illusion of movement.
而我也并不是现在就说着话
And I'm not saying these words right now.
这是录制后的影像
This is a captured impression
而其中我说的话都是过去发生的
of something I said in the recent past.
真是这样吗？
Or is it?
如果我这么做呢？
What if I did this?
当画面上说“直播”
You've been conditioned
你就会依此认为
to believe that, when something says "Live,"
这是此时此刻正在发生的
it's really happening right now.
我们的社会也被这些共同的信条所同步
Our society is tied together by these shared beliefs.
但这是何种程度的真实？
But how much of it is real?
有多少又是复杂精致的幻觉？
And how much is just an elaborate fantasy?
对于他的大半生来说
For much of his life,
科学家兼哲学家的吉姆·巴戈特
scientist and philosopher Jim Baggott has been haunted
都被“什么才是真实的”这一简单问题所困惑
by a simple question -- what is reality?
所有的真实都是我们脑中创造出的幻象
All reality is a fantasy created in our own heads.
我们都被禁闭于自己的思维之中
We are locked in the prison of our own minds,
这样的结果就是，我们为自己创造了一个
and as a consequence, we have to create for ourselves
基于我们能够接受什么的
an understanding of what reality is like
自己对于现实的理解
on the basis of what we can absorb,
我们能够学到什么，能够看到什么
what we can learn, what we can see.
当我们用眼睛看时
So when we see with our eyes,
我们察觉到的并不是真实本身
what we perceive, of course, is not reality as such.
毕竟我们的大脑只是一块
Our brains are, after all, just clumps of tissue
重约3.5磅的粘稠组织
weighing about 3? pounds, with a consistency of cold porridge.
只有当我们在意识思维中
It's only when we interpret the electrical signals
通过脑产生的电♥信♥♥号♥♥
generated by our brain in our conscious mind
才创造出了我们每个人的真实
do we create our individual reality.
这就引出一个问题
That begs the question --
当这些电♥信♥♥号♥♥都关闭后会发生什么？
what happens when those electrical signals are shut off?
好吧，我马上就知道答案了
Well, I'm about to find out.
吉姆将会关闭自己的听觉和视觉
Jim's going to have his hearing and vision blocked out
十五分钟
for 15 minutes.
这种简单的消除感觉的形式
This simple form of sensory deprivation
将他带入到另一种现实中
sends him into an alternate reality.
他失去了时间观念
He loses track of time...
并经历了生动的幻觉
...and experiences vivid hallucinations.
在没有感觉输入的情况下
In the absence of sensory input,
吉姆“制♥造♥世界的机器（脑）”创建了一个
Jim's world-making machinery manufactures a reality
与他身体外部世界毫无联♥系♥的现实
with no connection to the world outside his body.
失去了我的两个最主要的感觉输入后
Deprived of two of my most important senses,
我的脑从其他感觉上勉强拼凑出了
what happens is the brain scrambles for inputs
感觉输入
from other senses.
嘴中的味觉就会变得敏感
So you become very conscious of the taste in your mouth
我躺着的床也变得坚硬
and the hardness of this bed that I'm lying on.
我开始进入一种梦一般的朦胧状态中
I began to drift into some dreamlike states.
但当我的眼睛
But then I became aware
重新睁开后
that me eyes are, in fact, wide open,
我就完全清醒并具有清晰的意识了
and I'm fully awake and conscious.
当你感觉被关闭了
When your senses are shut off,
你的脑就创造了你自己版本的现实
your brain makes up its own version of reality.
但根据吉姆的理论，我们全都生活在一个虚假的现实中
But according to Jim, we all live in a false reality --
一个由社会创造的充满幻象的超现实
a hyperreality created by society,
它变得对于我们来说
filled with illusions that have become more real to us
比起周围的物质世界更为真实
than the physical world around us.
我们都是这个思维共同体的一部分
We are all part of a community of minds,
这个共同体是一个由数十亿个大脑
a world created by billions of brains working in concert
一致工作数千年的世界
over thousands of years.
现代的消费社会
The modern consumer society
是我们集体思维进化出的，使我们这个物种前进的
is the latest twist our mass mind has evolved
最新形式的对真实的扭曲
to advance the species.
金钱位于这个社会的中心
Money lies at the heart of this society.
但从许多角度来说
But in many ways,
这才是我们所有创造中最超现实的
it is the most hyperreal of all of our creations.
这里我有一张50美元和50英镑的纸币样张