与摩根·弗里曼一起穿越虫洞（2010）

Through The Wormhole With Morgan Freeman S04E05

Part 6 April 19, 2021, 2:53 p.m.

来改变英国政♥府♥的法律
to change the u.K. Government's law.
如果他们获得了前进的许可
If they are permitted to move forward,
他们认为他们就能消除线粒体疾病
they believe they can eradicate mitochondrial disease.
这件事很有争议
It is something which is controversial,
会违反一些人的宗教观
and it will be against some people's religious views,
比方说
for example.
我认为每个人都应该有自己的观点
I think everybody should be allowed to have their views,
但从我个人来看，我的观点不同
but I personally have a different view
因为我照顾这些病人
because I look after these patients,
我看到这些疾病对于家庭带来的
and I see just what a devastating effect
毁灭性的打击
it has on the family.
道格的治疗过程会是
Doug's procedure could also be the beginning
一类新型医学的开端
of a new class of medicine,
可以通过给孩子任何数量的第三方基因
one where devastating genetic diseases are subdued
来治疗恶性的遗传疾病
by giving children genes from any number of third parties.
我们的孩子也许某天就会由一个或两个父母抚养
Our children may someday have one or two parents
但会有很多位父母造就了他们
that raise them and many more parents that made them.
但为什么就此停止了？
But why stop there?
为什么不创造更健康强壮的人类
Why not make children healthier and stronger
通过整合来自于
using the best genes nature has to offer
任意物种中的最好的基因？
regardless of which species they come from?
斯芬克斯（狮身人面）、美人鱼、蜘蛛侠
The sphinx, the mermaid, spider-man.
这些杂交生物存在于传说之中
Hybrid creatures are the stuff of legend --
是人类的大脑力量
the brainpower of a human
与动物的肉体力量的结合
married to the physical prowess of an animal.
但这样的生物不会再是神秘的了
But such creatures may not remain mythical for much longer.
兰迪·路易斯是一名先驱
Randy Lewis is a pioneer.
在犹他州北部的偏远农场
On this remote farm in upstate Utah,
他正在推动科学的界线
he's pushing scientific boundaries
创造新型农业
and creating a new form of agriculture.
但有人说他是想要扮演上帝
But there are those who say he's playing God.
好吧，高中的时候
Well, I got interested in chemistry
我对化学很感兴趣
when I was in high school,
当时我的一位高中老师
when a high school teacher that I had --
他允许我另外做一些实验
he allowed us to do some experiments on the side.
我就混合了不同种类的化学物质
So, we were mixing some different kinds of chemicals
创造出了一团烟气
and sort of generated a cloud of steam and smoke
直冲向天花板
that went clear to the ceiling.
他只是带着非常困惑的表情，对我说
He just had a very perplexed look on his face and said,
“我们最好把窗户打开，”
"We better get the windows open,"
然后就再没说别的了
and really never said another word about it.
兰迪侥幸逃脱了这场危险
Randy got away with it,
到了今天，他仍具有着这种无畏的精神
and today, he embraces the same fearless spirit.
他最近的工作就是大胆的混合不同遗传物质
His latest work is boldly mixing diverse genetic chemicals,
从这种生物的DNA开始
starting with the DNA of this creature.
这是一只金色圆蛛
So, this is a golden orb-weaving spider.
就像你看到的，她非常温顺
As you can see, she's very docile.
牵引丝，就是那些
The dragline silk, which is the silk
你能看到在空气中挥舞的丝
that you can sort of see waving up in the air
她经常在身后拖着它作为自己的生命线
that she drags along behind herself as her lifeline,
牵引丝比凯夫拉尔更强韧，比尼龙纤维更具弹性
is actually stronger than kevlar and more elastic than nylon.
这种蜘蛛丝的巨大强度和重量轻的性质
The immense strength and lightweight nature
使它成为非常神奇的材料
of spider silk make it a miracle material.
它的工业应用几乎永无止尽
Its industrial applications are almost endless.
但至今，没有任何农民建立这样
But to date, no farmer has ever built a ranch
用来培养数百万只蜘蛛，生产如此经济效益的纤维的农场
with millions of spiders producing lucrative silk.
在养殖蜘蛛的过程中
So, there are two real problems
有两个很实际的问题
in trying to farm spiders.
第一是它们是有各自领地的
First is they're territorial,
第二，它们会同类相食
and second, they're cannibalistic.
如果你把它们一大堆地放在一起
So, when you put a bunch of them together,
它们就会互相残杀
what happens is they just start killing each other.
但作为曾经的化学能手
But ever the chemical tinkerer,
兰迪意识到他根本不需要蜘蛛来生产蜘蛛丝
Randy realized he didn't need spiders to produce spider silk.
他需要的只是能让蜘蛛
All he needed were the genetic chemicals
具有织网能力的遗传物质
that give spiders their web-making ability.
我们做的是鉴定一些基因
What we've done is identify the genes
这些基因编码的蛋白质可以构成
that make up each of the different proteins
蜘蛛产生的六种不同的蛛丝
for the six different silks that the spider makes,
我们已经能够得到这些基因并进行克隆
and we've been able to take those and clone them,
接下来我们只需要简单的，把这些基因转移到另一个生物体中
and then we can simply transfer them to another organism.
兰迪的实验室把这些蜘蛛的基因
Randy's lab transfers these spider genes
转入了山羊的受精卵DNA中
into the DNA of fertilized goat eggs.
山羊如期生长
The goats grow to term
并具有一只羊所有的基因
and are born with all the genes that a goat should have,
只是额外加了一点基因
plus a little something extra.
我们将蛛丝基因导入山羊基因组中
We've spliced a spider-silk gene into the genome of the goat,
而只有在特定情况下
and we've put it in in a situation
这些基因才能够使用（即表达）
where the only time that that gene is used
这就是在山羊产奶的时候
to make protein is when the goat's producing milk.
兰迪给他的蜘蛛羊挤奶
Randy milks his spider goats
然后带着奶回到实验室
and takes their milk back to his lab,
在这里进行加工过滤
where it is processed and filtered.
通过一次挤奶
And from one milking alone,
兰迪就产生了大约35英里的蜘蛛羊丝
Randy yields about 35 Miles of spider-goat silk.
他的工作可以引发一次新的工业革命
His work could lead to a new industrial revolution
这次人们可以开创性的从携带有别的
where groundbreaking biological materials
物种基因的动物中获得生物材料
are produced by animals with genes from different species.
所有生物DNA成分都一样
The DNA is the same in all organisms,
如果你从某种生物中取出部分DNA
so, if you take a piece of DNA from any other organism,
大体上将它放在正确的环境中
in general, if you put it in the right context,
就能得到它的产物
it's gonna be produced.
兰迪的工作同样证明了一个概念
Randy's work is also proof of the concept
动物的基因能够转到人类DNA中
that animal genes could be spliced into human DNA.
我认为也能够想象一种可能
I think that one could imagine a situation
取出蛛丝基因
where you could take the spider-silk gene
转入人体后在一些控制下
and put it under some kind of control
人类也能够产生蛛丝
where a human could produce it.
这些突破可以引领
These breakthroughs could lead
人类卓越的新层次的进化
to a remarkable new evolution of humanity.
今天，我们能够给后代
Today, we give our offspring the gifts
我们最好的遗传特性
of our best genetic traits,
明天，我们就能给他们
and tomorrow, we could give them the very best
自然界提供给我们的最好的一切
of everything nature has to offer.
我们的孙辈们可以像壁虎一样爬行
Our grandchildren could climb like geckos,
像猎豹一样奔跑
run like cheetahs...
或具有红外线视觉
...or see in infrared.
“性是天性的一部分
"Sex is part of nature.
我顺从天性。”
I go along with nature."
玛丽莲·梦露这样说过
that's what Marilyn Monroe said.
性也许一直会是天性的一部分
Sex may always be part of nature,
但仅会是娱乐，而不是生育的必要
but only for recreation, not necessarily for procreation.
一个都是精心制♥作♥的并在实验室中
A world where babies are chemically crafted
悉心培养的婴儿的世界，听起来完全是另类的世界
and carefully reared in labs may sound utterly alien,
但父母总会给孩子们最好的
but parents will always do what's best for their children.
我们的这种天性不会改变
That aspect of our nature will never change.