美国商业大亨传奇（2012）

Two men have driven this remaking of the country.
两个人推动着国家的重建
John D. Rockefeller and Cornelius Vanderbilt
约翰·D·洛克菲勒和康内留斯·范德比尔特
are locked in a battle of wills.
陷入了一场意志之战
Commodore.
准将
Mr. Rockefeller.
洛克菲勒先生
Vanderbilt and his competitors
范德比尔特和他的竞争对手
are in drastic search of passengers and cargo
都急于寻求乘客和货物
to fill the trains running on their lines.
来填满他们铁路线上的火车
In the 1870s, the country needed to be connected via railroads,
1870年代时 国家需要铁路的连接
达拉斯小牛队老板
马克·库班
and what happens then is everybody who
结果每个自认为
thinks they have an edge in the railroad business
在铁路行业有点优势的人
goes out and raises money and they start their own railroad.
都去筹钱 建起了铁路
And what happened then is
而这样一来
we've seen happen many of times since then,
就出现了此后还出现过多次的情况
is it created a huge bubble.
就是制♥造♥了一个巨大的泡沫
John D. Rockefeller's oil
约翰·D·洛克菲勒的石油
makes up nearly forty percent of the cargo shipped on the rails.
占铁路运输货物近40%
But when Vanderbilt teams with his biggest rival
但当范德比尔特与他最大的对手合作
to push for a rate increase,
想抬高运费
Rockefeller takes it as a declaration of war.
洛克菲勒视此举为宣战
He builds a pipeline in response,
他建立了管道作为回击
and begins to pull his shipments.
并开始撤走了他的货
And since the railroads have been drastically overbuilt,
而由于铁路的过度扩建
losing cargo means losing money.
失去货物 就是损失钱
Stocks plummet as investors run scared.
股票暴跌 投资者仓皇而逃
When prices get out of control,
当股价暴跌时
前对冲基金经理
吉姆·克莱默
and smart people decide,
聪明人会发现
"Wow, this thing is a bubble, I want out",
"这东西是个泡沫 我得撤出去"
then you can get a collapse very quickly.
这时就会迅速崩溃
By the time the Panic is through,
等大恐慌过去
one-third of the country's 360 railroad companies have gone bankrupt.
国内360家铁路公♥司♥已有三分之一破产
Every crisis of this type,
每次发生这种危机
whether it's 2008,
不管是2008年
前美联储主席
艾伦·格林斯潘
or 1873,
还是1873年
has got the same roots.
根源都是一样的
Namely, that it was unanticipated.
就是无人料到
So a necessary condition for a crisis is nobody expects it.
危机的必要条件 就是无人料到
The crash is the worst America has seen in its short history.
这场危机是美国短暂历史上最严重的一次
Unsure how to prevent a complete collapse,
由于不知该如何避免全面崩溃
the stock exchange shuts down and stays closed for ten straight days.
证券交易所关闭了十日
The Panic of 1873
1873年大恐慌
triggered the first full-blown national depression,
导致了首次全国大萧条
and nobody quite knew what to do about it.
没人知道该怎么办
For the first time,
史上首次
历史学家
HW·布兰兹
large--very large-- numbers of American workers were without jobs.
数额巨大的美国工人失业了
Workers got laid off, but the owners,
工人被裁 但雇主们
they still lived in the style that they were accustomed to.
依然过着锦衣玉食的生活
But no one was shedding any tears for John D. Rockefeller.
但没人为约翰·D·洛克菲勒流泪
People were saving their tears for themselves,
他们都在哭自己呢
when they found themselves out of work,
他们没了工作
out of their homes, out of food, out of hope.
失去了家园 没有食物 没有希望
While many of the biggest companies
很多国内大公♥司♥
in the country struggle to survive,
都举步维艰时
Rockefeller sees opportunity,
洛克菲勒却看到了商机
his belief in the survival of the fittest kicking in.
他对适者生存的信仰被激发了
As his competition collapses,
他的对手一一破产
Rockefeller picks them off,
洛克菲勒就逐个拿下
buying out bankrupt oil companies for next to nothing.
用超低价买♥♥下了一个个破产的石油公♥司♥
I find that I do better in bad markets.
我发现市场不好时 我的生意却更好
I buy things in bad markets.
市场不好时 我就买♥♥
And, you can't do that in a great economy.
这在好经济情况下是做不到的
You can't buy it.
你买♥♥不了
Either you're gonna buy it very expensively
你要么得用高价买♥♥
or not be able to buy it at all.
要么就根本买♥♥不了
So there's a lot of opportunity, I find, in the bad times.
所以市场不好的时候却有很多机遇
By the time the depression is through,
萧条结束时
Rockefeller has created the largest corporate empire in America.
洛克菲勒打造出了美国最大的企业帝国
He was playing the game of industry,
他玩的是工业的游戏
and he was simply better at it than everybody else.
而且玩得比其他所有人都好
He saw the industrial marketplace
他认为工业市场
as a place for the survival of the fittest,
是一个适者生存的地方
and he was fitter than anybody else,
而他是最强的适者
therefore he survived.
因此他也得以生存
Not only that, therefore he deserved to survive,
不仅如此 他因此有资格生存
and they didn't.
而其他人没有
While Rockefeller expands his company,
洛克菲勒扩张他的公♥司♥时
his adversaries at the railroads
他的铁路公♥司♥对手们
are struggling to survive.
则在勉强为继
Then, at the height of the depression,
然后 萧条最严重的时候
the king of the American railroads,
美国铁路之王
Cornelius Vanderbilt,
康内留斯·范德比尔特
dies, at the age of 82.
于82岁逝世
Vanderbilt leaves his empire,
范德比尔特将他
worth over one hundred million dollars,
价值超过一亿美元的帝国
to his son, William.
留给了儿子 威廉
Rockefeller knows that without Vanderbilt,
洛克菲勒知道 没有范德比尔特
he would've never been able to build his empire.
他是不可能建起他的帝国的
But Rockefeller's last remaining adversaries
但洛克菲勒最后一位对手
refuse to go down without a fight.
却不肯坐以待毙
Tom Scott, and his protege, Andrew Carnegie,
汤姆·斯科特和他的门徒 安德鲁·卡内基
have managed to survive.
勉强生存了下来
And since Rockefeller's pipeline doesn't extend to Pittsburgh,
由于洛克菲勒的管道并不到达匹兹堡
he's forced to continue to use their trains.
他不得不继续用他们的火车
But Scott knows if he and Carnegie don't diversify,
但斯科特知道 如果他和卡内基不求变
they won't survive.
就无法生存
Scott devises an aggressive plan to expand his empire.
斯科特构想了一个激进的计划来扩张他的帝国
One that's sure to catch Rockefeller's attention.
这个计划将无疑吸引洛克菲勒的注意
He's going to break into the oil business
他要涉足石油工业
by building a pipeline of his own.
自己建一条管道
But if there's one thing John Rockefeller
但约翰·洛克菲勒
hates more than anything else, it's competition.
最恨的 就是竞争
Tom Scott is in for war.
汤姆·斯科特将面临战争
I've tried to be friendly to the Pennsylvania.
我已经对宾夕法尼亚铁路公♥司♥很友善了
I've given you plenty of business, have I not?
我不是给了你很多生意吗
And now, I find that you're invading my field.
但现在 我得知你入侵了我的行业
And that, my friend, is piracy.
这是盗窃行为
We'll take your feelings into account, Mr. Rockefeller.
我们会考虑你的情绪的 洛克菲勒先生
Two thirds of the oil you carry comes from me.
你运输的油三分之二是我的
If you don't retreat, I'll take it to the other railroads.
你不退一步 我就跟其他铁路公♥司♥合作
As far as I'm aware, there isn't another railroad
据我所知 没有其他铁路
that runs from Pittsburgh to New York.
从匹兹堡开到纽约了
America's growth after the Civil War
南北战争后美国的发展
is driven by railroads uniting the country,
受到了连接国内各处的铁路
and oil lighting the way.
和灯油的推动
No one has capitalized on the growth
没人比约翰·D·洛克菲勒
more than John D. Rockefeller,
凭此挣了更多钱
who now controls ninety percent
他现在控制了90%的
of the U.S oil market.
美国石油市场
With the death of Cornelius Vanderbilt,
康内留斯·范德比尔特死后
only one man stands in the way of Rockefeller's
只有一个人还在阻碍洛克菲勒
complete control of oil,
完全控制石油业
Tom Scott.
汤姆·斯科特
There was a sort of mutual admiration
那些大资本家之间
历史学家
HW·布兰兹
among the big capitalists, but it was an admiration
互相崇敬彼此 但同时
that was accompanied by deep suspicion.
也互相怀疑彼此