了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E06

Part 7 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

它就向高层大气升高
it raises taller toward
the upper atmosphere.
它越来越高，我们看到
It's getting taller,
and we see storms
风暴在地球上也有同样的作用，当风暴这样做时
do the same thing on earth,
and when it does that,
风切变实际上会把风暴的顶部扯下来
the wind shear will actually
take the top of the storm off
把它拉扯开，所以我们在未来几年中
and drag it apart,
and so we'll be watching it
将密切关注它的去向
very intently
over the next few years
看看木星上是否也会发生这种情况
to see if that's what happens on
jupiter as well.
木星高空的风将这个
Narrator: It may be only
a matter of time
标志性的风暴撕成碎片
before jupiter's
high-altitude winds
也许只是时间问题
tear this iconic storm
to shreds.
太阳系中最著名的风暴
The most famous storm
of the solar system
可能很快就会消失
may soon disappear,
但“朱诺号♥”揭示了
but juno reveals other storms
隐藏在最奇怪的地方的其他风暴
hidden in the strangest
of places.
大红斑是木星上正在发生的
The storm in the great red spot
is one,
一场风暴，但不是唯一的一场风暴
but not the only, giant storm
that's happening on jupiter.
♪
♪
Nasa的“朱诺号♥”探测器已经穿越了太阳系数
narrator: Nasa's juno probe
has traveled billions of miles
十亿英里（约16亿公里）的距离
across the solar system
揭示巨大的气体木星的秘密
to reveal the mysteries
of gas giant jupiter,
但是木星有一部分秘密
but there's one part
of jupiter
在这之前一直没有被发现
that has remained hidden
until now.
在“朱诺号♥”之前，我们看到的木星非常有限
Before juno, our view of jupiter
was very limited.
我们从来没有飞越过两极
We'd never actually flown
over the poles.
这在木星上是很难做到的
It's something that's very hard
to do on jupiter.
我们没有其他的任务能做到这一点
We don't have other missions
that have done this.
2016年8月，“朱诺号♥”的飞行计划
Narrator: In August of 2016,
juno's flight plan takes
将探测器带入未知领域
the spacecraft
into unknown territory to reveal
首次揭示木星神秘的极地
jupiter's mysterious polar
regions for the first time.
嗯，我们第一次观测北极时
Well, and the first time
we looked at the pole,
它看起来一点也不像我们认识的木星
it didn't look anything
like the jupiter we knew.
♪
如果之前有人那给我们看的话
we never would've guessed
that was jupiter
我们永远也猜不到这是木星
if somebody had
shown that to us.
♪
“朱诺号♥”的相机显示出一片奇怪的蓝色♥区♥域
narrator: Juno's camera reveals
a strange blue expanse
这让科学家们困惑不已
that puzzles scientists.
这个像电子一样的颜色
The electronic color
可能是由于云层中缺乏阳光
could be due to chemical changes
in the clouds
导致的化学变化
brought on by a lack
of sunlight,
但“朱诺号♥”在蓝色云层中发现的东西
but what juno spots
inside the blue clouds
更为奇怪——
is even stranger --
巨大的中♥央♥气旋以每小时200英里（约320公里）的速度
giant central cyclones spin
around each pole at 200 miles
围绕着每一个极点旋转
an hour, with these cyclones
这些气旋被北部的八个风暴漩涡和南部的
surrounded by eight
stormy vortices in the north
五个风暴漩涡包围
and five in the south.
这些奇怪的气旋，巨大的漩涡
There are these weird cyclones,
gigantic swirls,
围绕木星两极旋转的气体漩涡
vortices of gas swirling around
jupiter's poles,
它们显然正在形成图案
and they're
clearly forming patterns.
在这里很难有规模的感
It's hard to get
a sense of scale here.
现在，北极中心气旋
Now the north polar
central cyclone,
就在极点，直径2500英里（约4000公里）宽
that one right at the pole,
that's 2,500 miles across.
这几乎和美国大♥陆♥一样大
That is almost as big as
the continental united states.
那里发生了什么？
What is going on there?
这和我们在地球上看到的完全不同
This is nothing like
what we see on earth.
♪
在地球上，我们的天气是由来自太阳的热量驱动的
narrator: On earth, our weather
is driven by heat from the sun
太阳的热量撞击在地球的赤道上
that hits our planet
at the equator
并流过地球的表面
and flows across the surface.
强大的气旋在热带水域上空形成
Powerful cyclones form
over tropical waters
并环绕地球移♥动♥
and move around the planet,
但极地地区从太阳获得的能量较少
but the polar regions receive
less energy from the sun,
所以气旋无法在两极形成
so cyclones
can't form at the poles.
我们可以看到，如果在赤道
We see that if you're at
the equator,
天气会更暖和，暴风雨也更猛烈
it's warmer and it's stormier.
如果你在两极
If you're at the poles,
那里太阳比较难看到，这种活动就会消失
where the sun is slightly harder
to see, that activity goes away.
但是木星上的天气
Narrator:
But the weather on jupiter
完全不同
couldn't be more different.
我们在木星的两极
We see lightning
and convective thunderstorms
看到闪电和对流雷暴，但在赤道上看不到
at the poles of jupiter
but not at the equator,
这与我们在地球上看到的情况有点相反
and that's sort of the opposite
of what we see on the earth.
问题是，是什么驱动了木星的风暴？
The question is,
what's driving jupiter's storms?
木星离太阳的距离
Narrator:
Jupiter is five times further
是地球的五倍
away from the sun
than the earth
只能接收到太阳能量的一小部分
and receives only a fraction
of the sun's energy.
与地球不同，木星的两极区域
Unlike earth,
jupiter's polar regions
似乎是活动发生的地方
seem to be where the action is.
某种东西在驱动这颗行星的怪异天气
Something is driving
the planet's weird weather,
“朱诺号♥”对这颗巨大行星的热辐射的扫描表明
and juno's scans of the giant
planet's thermal emissions
这个东西可能就是木星本身
suggests it could be
jupiter itself.
实际上我们可以看到木星内部的热量
We can actually see
the internal heat of jupiter
正在从顶部冒出来
coming right up through,
所以在我们可以看到热量的区域
and so jupiter
will look very bright in areas
木星看起来非常亮
where we can see that heat.
“朱诺号♥”探测到
Narrator: Juno detects
searing heat
木星云层下灼热的热量
beneath jupiter's cloud bands.
木星有如此多的物质，如此多的质量
Jupiter has so much material,
so much mass,
以及如此多的引力以至于其内部密度非常高
so much gravity that
the interior is incredibly dense
所以温度也非常高
and very, very hot.
在核心，它可能比太阳表面
At the core, it's probably at
many thousands of degrees hotter
要热几千度
than the surface of the sun.
这个被埋在木星黑暗中心的火海
Narrator: This fiery inferno
buried in jupiter's dark heart
是数十亿年前木星诞生时留下的遗迹
is a relic from its birth
billions of years ago.
形成这颗行星的剧烈碰撞
The violent collisions
that formed the planet
让它的核心变得滚烫
left its core seething hot,