了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E06

Part 5 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

built a relationship with water,
我们就能了解水是如何
we can understand
how water got distributed
在整个太阳系中分布的，包括在地球上
all throughout the solar system,
including here on earth.
如果“朱诺号♥”能够测量木星的含水量
Narrator: If juno can measure
the water content of jupiter,
它将解开一个长达20年的谜团
it will solve
a 20-year-old mystery.
♪
1995年12月
December 1995 --
NASA 的伽利略号♥探测器开始
nasa's galileo probe
begins a fatal dive
向木星大气层进行致命的俯冲
into jupiter's atmosphere.
当它这样做的时候，它就能够测量它周围的大气
When it did, it was able to
measure the atmosphere around it
并探测到水，但事实是——它没有
and detect water,
and the thing is -- it didn't.
它什么都没找到，很奇怪
It didn't find any,
and that's weird.
一切都非常干燥，那么为什么
Everything was bone-dry,
so why in the world
木星的大气层看起来非常干燥呢？
did jupiter's atmosphere
look dry?
如果伽利略探测器的结果是正确的
Narrator: If the results from
the galileo probe are correct,
那么46亿年前
then 4.6 billion years ago,
木星形成于离太阳更近的地方
jupiter formed
closer to the sun,
但这不是全部的故事
but that's not the whole story.
20年后，NASA 派“朱诺号♥”去征求第二次意见
20 years later, nasa sends
juno to get a second opinion.
“朱诺号♥”是一架轨道飞行器，它装载了各种仪器
Juno is an orbiter, and so it
is loaded with instruments
和探测器来观测木星
and detectors
to look down on jupiter
试图弄清楚正在发生的一切
and try to figure out
everything that's going on.
“朱诺号♥”不需要冒着生命危险
Narrator:
Juno doesn't have to risk
去寻找水源
its life to hunt for water.
探测器通过木星厚厚的云层
The craft peers through
jupiter's thick clouds
使用微波辐射计从安全距离探测水
using a microwave radiometer to
detect h2o from a safe distance.
利用这些微波
Using these microwaves,
“朱诺号♥”绘制了一幅木星水的全球地图
juno builds up a global map
of jupiter's water.
“朱诺号♥”发现的是，是的
What juno has found is,
yeah,
木星上有大量的水
there's plenty of water
in jupiter,
只是伽利略号♥碰巧撞上了一个干燥的地方
it's just that galileo
happened to hit a dry spot,
但事实上，如果它进入几乎任何其他地方
but in fact, if it had
come in almost anywhere else,
它都能看到大量的水
it would've seen
plenty of water.
“朱诺号♥”的发现可能会为
Narrator: Juno's findings
may give a clue
木星最初的形成提供线索
to where jupiter
originally formed.
现在看来，木星并不是
It seems apparent now that
jupiter
在现在的位置形成的
didn't form
in its present location.
最主要的理论是
Narrator:
The leading theory is that
木星形成于雪线之外
jupiter formed
just beyond the snow line,
在干燥的内太阳系和潮湿的
the boundary between
the dry inner solar system
外太阳系之间的边界
and the wet outer
solar system.
但我们发现木星离太阳的距离
But we find jupiter is twice
as far away from the sun
是原来雪线所在位置的两倍
as where that original
snow line would've been,
所以这告诉了我们一些有趣的事情
so this is telling us
something interesting.
木星可能偏离了
Narrator:
Jupiter may have wandered from
原来的位置
its original position,
造成了难以想象的混乱
causing unimaginable chaos.
随着木星的移♥动♥太阳系里的天体
As jupiter moved around,
things got hit
受到撞击并被撞出太阳系
and knocked out
of the solar system.
沃尔什:它本质上会驱散路径上的所有东西
Walsh: It essentially scatters
everything in its path.
它是最大的玩家它是最大的行星
It's the biggest player.
It's the biggest planet.
所有的东西都为它而动
Everything moves for it.
随着木星向太阳系外推进
Narrator: As jupiter bulldozes
toward the outer solar system,
它将富含冰的小行星
it slings ice-rich asteroids
和彗星抛向太阳和地球
and comets in towards the sun
and towards the earth.
♪
从某种意义上说，木星将一大批
jupiter would literally
in some sense
富含水的星子像雪堆一样
have snowplowed
into the inner solar system
冲进太阳系内部
a whole wave
of water-rich planetesimals
这些星子将为地球带来很多海洋
that would've delivered
much of our earth's oceans.
“朱诺号♥”帮助我们回答了为什么我们的地球
Narrator: Juno has helped answer
why our earth is habitable
虽然离太阳这么近，但仍然适合居住
despite being so close
to the sun.
因此，让“朱诺号♥”远道而来
So it was worth going all
that distance,
进行近距离观测是值得的
sending juno all the way out
there to get that closer look.
♪
“朱诺号♥”继续探索
narrator:
Juno continues to explore
木星的奥秘和它著名的特征
jupiter's mysteries
and its famous features.
没有什么比木星的大红斑
There is nothing more iconic
about jupiter
更具有标志性了
than the great red spot.
“朱诺号♥”揭示了这个有300年历史的气旋
Narrator: And juno reveals
that this 300-year-old cyclone
可能很快就会消失
may soon vanish.
♪
太阳系经常会举办
narrator:
Our solar system plays host
一些史诗般的自然奇观——
to some epic natural wonders --
冰土卫二的间歇泉
the ice geysers of enceladus,
巨大的土星光环
the giant rings of saturn,
火星超级火山奥林匹斯山
the martian mega volcano
olympus mons,
但在2017年7月
but in July of 2017,
NASA 的“朱诺号♥”探测器掠过木星表面
nasa's juno probe skims
the surface of jupiter
拍摄了最著名的自然奇观——
and photographs the most famous
natural wonder --
一场肆虐了几百年的
a fierce, hurricane-like storm
猛烈的飓风风暴
that's been raging
for hundreds of years.
当你想到木星时
When you think of jupiter,
大气中最具视觉冲击力
one of the most
visually stunning
和标志性的特征之一
and most iconic features
of the atmosphere
就是那个大红斑
is that great red spot.
在我们整个太阳系中
There is nothing like
jupiter's red spot
没有什么能像木星的红斑一样
in our entire solar system.
当“朱诺号♥”在大红斑上翱翔时
Narrator: As juno soars
over the great red spot,
它看到的是一场直径超过一万英里（约一万六千公里）的风暴
it looks down onto a storm
over 10,000 miles across.
♪
泰勒:这是最极端的风暴
thaller: This is
the most extreme storm.
风以每小时400英里（约6♥4♥0公里）的速度
The winds are
blowing continuously
持续吹着
at 400 miles an hour.
在地球上，最强大的5级飓风
Narrator: On earth, the most
powerful category 5 hurricanes
几乎可以造成完全的破坏
can unleash
almost total destruction,
但它们的威力还不到
but these are less
than half as powerful
木星风暴的一半
as the storm on jupiter.