了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S01E01

Part 1 April 18, 2021, 7:55 p.m.

宇宙银河, 数十亿计
Billions and billions of galaxies.
宇宙之大
The universe is so vast
我们无法想象这个数目有何意义
we can't even imagine
what those numbers mean.
但140亿年前这些银河系并不存在
But 14 billion years
ago, none of it existed..
直至大爆♥炸♥发生
until the big bang.
大爆♥炸♥是空间与时间的起源
The big bang is the origin of
space and the origin of time itself.
我们走上一段空间与时间之旅
We take a journey
through space and time,
从宇宙起源, 走到终结
from the beginning to the
end of the universe itself.
解读宇宙
How the Universe Works
第1季第1集：大爆♥炸♥
Big Bang
这是我们的世界
This is our world.
有城市
Cities...
有森林
forests...
有海洋
oceans...
还有人
people.
宇宙万物
Everything in the universe
在大爆♥炸♥发生那一刻由物质组成
is made from matter created in
the first seconds of the big bang.
每一个星球
Every star...
每一个行星
every planet...
每一粒原子
every atom...
每一株草, 每一滴水
every blade of grass,
every drop of water.
水非常的古老
Water is ancient
水里的氢原子在大爆♥炸♥之后出现
The hydrogen atoms in here were
born moments after the big bang.
从而制♥造♥出宇宙万物
Then came everything else.
大爆♥炸♥是我们宇宙的启始
The big bang is the defining
event of our universe...
也是宇宙万物之源
and everything in it.
有关我们的过去
The secrets of our past,
现在和将来的秘密
our present, and our future...
都封锁在那一刻之中
are locked inside this
one moment in time.
要解开大爆♥炸♥的秘密
To unlock the secrets of the big bang,
我们必须走出我们的太阳系
we have to travel outside
of our own solar system.,.
甚至冲出我们的银河系
and journey beyond even our own galaxy.
当来到太空深处
As we travel into deep space,
便可以窥探过去
we're actually seeing into the past,
接近并且可以见证宇宙诞生的一刻
and getting closer to being able
to witness the dawn of time itself
我们经过众多初生银河和初生星球
Passing the first infant
galaxies and the first stars,
回到宇宙诞生那一刻
we arrive back at the
moment the universe began
面对各类科学中最难解的疑团
and face the biggest
questions in all of science.
这是物理学中的圣杯
This is the Holy Grail of physics.
我们想知道因何会有大爆♥炸♥
We wanna know why it banged.
想知道甚么发生大爆♥炸♥
We wanna know what banged.
想知道大爆♥炸♥发生以前有甚么
We wanna know what was
there before the bang.
为了寻找答案
To get the answers,
我们兴建城市一样大的机器
we've built machines the size of cities
模拟宇宙出现前的环境
to simulate conditions when
the universe was created..
制♥造♥太空望远镜窥探过去
and space telescopes to
peer deep into our past
解答一些古老问题的日子愈来愈近
We are getting close to
answering the old age questions
人类为何存在?
why are we here?
我们从何而来?
Where did we come from?
宇宙有没有开始和终结?
Does the universe, in fact,
have a beginning or an end?
有的话, 又是甚么光景?
And if so, what are they like?
找到答案的话
If we find the answer to that,
必是人类理性最大的胜利
it would be the ultimate
triumph of human reason.
我们会知道上帝的心意
We would know the mind of God,
大爆♥炸♥的起源是历史中最大的谜
The origin of the big bang is
the greatest mystery of all time.
愈去研究这个现象, 它便愈迷离
And the more we learn, the
deeper the mystery becomes.
我们认为我们的宇宙独一无二
We like to think that
our universe is unique.
但现在不那么肯定了
However, now we're not so sure.
可能不只有一个宇宙
Perhaps there is a
multi-verse of universes.
我们的大爆♥炸♥亦可能不是独一无二
Another possibility is that our big
bang is just one of many big bangs.
可能众多宇宙都发生过大爆♥炸♥
But it may be one of just an infinite...
我们只是其中之一
number of universes,
而在无数宇宙中
and there may be other regions
可能在某些区域
in that infinite number of universes
今天正发生大爆♥炸♥
where a big bang is
just happening today.
但我们只能肯定一个宇宙是存在的
But there's only one
universe we're sure of,
要认识它已难比登天
and understanding this
one is hard enough.
自从1920年代后期
Since the late 1920s,
我们对我们的宇宙运作的认识
everything we know about
how our universe works
被逐一推♥翻♥
has been turned upside-down.
我们有必要明白到
It's important to realise
过去一世纪我们对宇宙的理解
how much our picture of
the universe has changed
改变不少
in the last century.
20世纪初
At the beginning of the 20th century,
科学家相信宇宙是静止不动的
the conventional wisdom in science was
that the universe was static and eternal.
到1929年, 这观念被彻底打破
In 1929, that all changed.
在洛杉矶市的威尔逊山天文台
At the Mount Wilson
Observatory, above Los Angeles,
天文学家埃德温咍勃发现
astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered
银河系并非停驻不动
galaxies aren't stuck in one place.
它们不单不停移♥动♥
Not only are they moving,
而且以极速远离地球
but they're flying away from
Earth at incredible speeds.
这是大爆♥炸♥的第一个证据
This was the first real
evidence of the big bang.
所有银河系都远离我们
All galaxies on average
were moving away from us,
而更奇怪的是
and stranger still,
双倍路程以外的, 以双倍速度远离
those that were twice as far
away were moving twice as fast.
三倍路程的, 三倍速度, 如此类推
And those that were three times as far away
were moving three times as fast and so on.
所有银河系都远离我们
Everything was moving away from us.
这就是哈勃定律
It became known as Hubble's Law.
他的发现仍是研究大爆♥炸♥的起点
His discovery is still the starting
point for exploration of the big bang.
哈勃观察到的银河系活动
What Hubble convincingly demonstrated
by seeing the motion of those galaxies
证明宇宙正不断膨胀
is that the universe is expanding.
理论上, 一个不断膨胀的宇宙
Theoretically, an expanding universe
一定从一点开始
must have started from a single point.
透过量度宇宙膨胀的速度
By measuring how fast
the universe is expanding,
天文学家可以反过来计算
astronomers calculated backwards
推算出几时爆出宇宙来
and figured out when it burst into life.
经常有人问:
People ask the question,
你怎知道宇宙已有137亿年历史?
"How do you know that the universe
is 13.7 billion years old?"
别自作聪明,137亿年前你在吗?
I mean, smarty pants, you weren't
there 13.7 billion years ago.
你看电视录像带
Well, when you watch
television on videotape,
看到爆♥炸♥场面时按暂停掣
you hit the stop button
when you see an explosion,
可以倒回带子看它几时发生
and you could run it backwards and
see when it actually took place.
宇宙学亦一样
The same thing takes
place with cosmology.
我们可以倒回带子
We can run the videotape backwards
计算出宇宙大爆♥炸♥几时发生
and then calculate when it all
came from a cosmic explosioa
不是天文学家亦可回顾过去