了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E04

Part 8 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

take the place of stars?
奥卢西:当我们到达宇宙的尽头时
Oluseyi: As we get to the end of
the universe,
物体会变得非常冷，但也会变得非常奇怪
things get really cold,
but they also get really weird.
数万亿年后，恒星的末日
Narrator: Trillions of years
from now, the star apocalypse
将会让宇宙变得空虚和黑暗
will leave the universe
empty and dark,
一个永无止境的夜晚
a never-ending night.
此时的宇宙
The universe at this time
与今天的宇宙完全不同
is nothing like
the universe of today.
没有光，真的很冷，很孤单
There's no light, and it's
really cold and very lonely.
当所有的恒星死亡，光消失
When all of the stars die
and the light goes away,
任何依赖于这些恒星的
anything that relies on the heat
热量和过程的东西都将开始死亡
and the processes from
these stars will start to die.
♪
萨特:一旦所有的光都熄灭了
sutter:
Once all the lights go out,
剩下的就只有剩菜了
the only things that will remain
will be the leftovers.
我们所知道的星星已经消失很久了
Narrator: With stars as we know
them long gone,
会不会有别的东西在这片宇宙荒原上
could something else
spark into existence
迸发出火花？
in this cosmic wasteland?
你可能会想，就这样吧，不再有恒星形成了
You'd think that's it,
no more star formation.
但宇宙仍有一些锦囊妙计
But the universe still
has a few tricks up its sleeve.
在宇宙的历史上
Narrator: Over the history
of the universe,
一代又一代的恒星生存和死亡
generations of stars
have lived and died.
他们将重金属元素释放到宇宙中
They released heavy metal
elements into the universe,
为一种新的恒星构建材料
building materials
for a new kind of star,
而由这些新材料生成的恒星
and stars born from these
new materials
可以做它们的祖先做不到的事情
can do things
their ancestors could not.
随着宇宙的丰富，随着时间的推移
As you enrich the universe,
as more and more metals
会产生越来越多的金属
get produced over time,
就可以降低恒星中
you can lower
the temperature needed
聚变反应所需的温度
for fusion reactions in a star.
随着聚变所需的低温
Narrator: With lower
temperatures needed for fusion,
恒星变得越来越小
stars have
become smaller and smaller.
奥多德:目前，可能存在的最小恒星的质量
O'dowd: Currently, the smallest
possible star
略低于太阳质量的10%
is a little under 10 percent
the sun's mass.
但最终可能会形成质量约为
But eventually it may
be possible to form stars
太阳质量4%的恒星
that have around 4 percent
the sun's mass.
在几百万亿年后的将来
Narrator: Hundreds of trillions
of years in the future,
一颗新的恒星可能会统治宇宙
a new star may dominate
the universe,
它是由几代死去的恒星留下的残余物形成的
built from scraps left over
from generations of dead stars,
这颗恒星非常小
a star so small
以至于它燃烧温度的是冷的而不是热的
that it burns cold
instead of hot.
科学家们假设，在遥远的未来
One of the weirdest types
of stars
可能存在的最奇怪的恒星类型之一
that scientists hypothesize
might exist in the far future
是颗冻结的恒星
is the frozen star.
萨特:你可以开始形成非常非常小
Sutter: You can start forming
stars that are very, very small
和非常冷的恒星
and very cold,
where nuclear fusion
在核心发生核聚变，但表面是冷的
is happening in the core,
but the surfaces are cold.
♪
这些又小又冷的天体
narrator:
These small, cold objects
会比我们今天看到的
will be thousands of times
dimmer
最暗的恒星暗几千倍
than the faintest star
we see today.
非常冷，表面的温度
So cold, the temperatures
on the surface
可能只有32华氏度……
could reach just 32 degrees
fahrenheit...
冰云可能在恒星的大气层中形成
And ice clouds may form
in the star's atmosphere.
它们比现在的恒星要冷得多
They are so much cooler
than stars now.
它们的表面可能有冰，水冰
They could actually have ice,
water ice, on their surface,
尽管严格来说它们是恒星
even though
they are technically stars.
萨特:它是覆盖在恒星表面的真正的水冰
Sutter: It's literal water-ice
covering the surface of a star,
你可以用这种冰进行滑冰
the same ice that you can use
for ice-skating
冰上比赛或冰壶
or ice racing or curling.
你可以在遥远的未
You could do all of this
来在一颗恒星的表面做这些
on the surface of a star
in the far future.
很难预测生命是否会出现在
Narrator: It's hard to predict
if life could arise
围绕冰冻恒星运行的行星上
on planets
orbiting frozen stars.
只有等到一个出现，我们才能知道……
We won't know
until one appears...
但这可能会要等待很长的时间
And that
won't be for a very long time.
宇宙还很年轻
The universe is far too young
即使是第一个这样的东西
for even the first one
of these things
也不可能诞生于现在宇宙
to even be a glimmer of an idea.
所以如果你想等上千万亿年
So if you want to wait,
you know, a quadrillion years,
我们就能找到答案
then we can find out.
在恒星的帮助下创造了我们
Narrator:
Stars helped create us,
创造并传播了生命发展的
building and spreading
the ingredients
所需的成分
for life to develop,
但即将到来的恒星末日
but the coming star apocalypse
可能意味着生命的终结
may mean the end of life,
只是暂时不会
just not for a while.
小红星将继续照亮黑暗……
Small red stars will continue
to illuminate the darkness...
是生命生存甚至繁荣的避风港
Safe havens for life to survive
and even flourish.
至于地球上的我们
As for us on earth,
我们最应该感谢的是一颗恒星
we should be
most thankful for one star
因为没有它，我们就不会存在
because without it,
we simply wouldn't exist.
塞勒:我真的希望你在阳光明媚的日子里
Thaller:
I really want you to never
experience a sunny day again
不要再想这件事
and not think about this.
太阳，总有一天会燃烧殆尽
The sun, someday, will burn out,
其他的恒星也会
and so will all of
the other stars.
我们正处在一个美好的时代
We are in this wonderful era
of light and warmth
光和热从天空中出来
coming out of the sky,
一切都将会变得黑暗，绝对是一切
and everything is going to go
dark, absolutely everything,
宇宙中的每一个地方
everywhere in the universe.
所以现在，你懂的，享受阳光吧
So for the time being, you know,
enjoy the light.
走出去，享受阳光
Step outside, enjoy the sun,
想想我们生活在这个时代是多么幸运
and think about how lucky we are
to live in this time.
♪
♪