了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E06

Part 3 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

[笑]
<科学家吹一下牛这样好吗？>
[ laughing ]
NASA 有一个很好的计划
narrator:
Nasa has a neat game plan.
“朱诺号♥”在太空中做了一个后空翻
Juno performs a backflip
in space
它的推进器向木星方向喷射
and fires its thruster
towards jupiter.
一切都很顺利
Everything is going smoothly.
我们继续喷射，以改变速度
We're continuing to burn
and change our velocity.
火箭紧张地燃烧了35分钟
Narrator: The rocket burns for
35 nail-biting minutes,
将飞船的速度降低了1200英里（约1900公里）每小时
reducing the craft's speed
by 1,200 miles an hour.
♪
[欢呼]
[ cheering ]
最后，探测器到达了环绕木星的轨道
narrator: Finally, the probe
achieves orbit around jupiter.
博尔顿:就在7月4日焰火表演的时候
Bolton: Right on July 4th
during the fireworks
我们刚刚进入轨道
we just got into orbit.
在很多方面，我们都像在发射火箭发动机
In many ways,
we're firing a rocket motor.
我的意思是，这是烟花
I mean, it is fireworks.
“朱诺号♥”探测器
Narrator: Safe in orbit,
在轨道上安全运行，将它的仪器
juno turns
its instruments to the planet
转向这颗行星，进行任务的关键部分——
for a crucial part
of the mission --
调查木星的磁场
investigating jupiter's
magnetic field.
♪
在暴风肆虐的星球表面深处，液态金属氢
deep below the stormy surface,
liquid metallic hydrogen
在星球周围无休止地流动
flows endlessly
around the planet,
产生了巨大的磁场
producing a huge
magnetic field.
这个磁层延伸到土星之外
This magnetosphere
stretches over 600 million miles
超过6亿英里（约9.65亿公里）的地方
beyond the planet,
reaching all the way to saturn.
如果你的眼睛能看到木星的磁层
If your eyes could actually see
jupiter's magnetosphere
当你站在地球上看到它时
and you tried to look at it
while standing on earth,
它在天空中看起来就像月亮一样大
it would look about as big
in the sky as the moon.
在这个磁场中，“朱诺号♥”
Narrator:
And within this magnetic field,
面临着一个无形的威胁
juno faces an invisible threat.
木星有一个巨大的磁场
Jupiter has an enormous
magnetic field.
除了它在空间上非常巨大
It is so enormous
in terms of space,
在力量上也是如此
but also in terms of power.
来自太阳的高能粒子
Narrator: High-energy particles
from the sun
被这个巨大星球的磁场
are funneled into
deadly radiation belts
引导进入致命的辐射带
guided by the giant
planet's magnetic field.
磁场捕获了来自太阳的带电粒子
The magnetic field traps charged
particles coming from the sun
让它们绕着太阳系循环
and circulates them
around that system
然后轰击附近的任何物体
and just bombards
anything in the vicinity,
包括我们脆弱的小宇宙飞船
including our fragile
little spacecraft.
离星球更近的地方
Narrator:
Closer to the planet,
辐射水平高达30倍
radiation levels are up to
30 times greater
比切尔诺贝利灾难时
than they were inside
the reactor core room
反应堆核心室的辐射水平还要高
during the chernobyl disaster.
这是辐射
This is radiation.
这是个坏消息
This is bad news.
这些粒子会袭击你
These particles,
they would hit you.
它们会破坏你的 DNA，破坏你的细胞结构
They would rupture your dna,
rupture your cell structures,
你会死亡
and you would die.
这种强烈的辐射对宇宙飞船来说
Narrator: This blistering
radiation is bad news
也是个坏消息
for the spacecraft as well.
这些带电粒子可能会摧毁电子
The charged particles threaten
to destroy electronic
和导航系统，但“朱诺号♥”已经穿上了盔甲
and navigational systems,
but juno has armored up.
普莱特:你要把它送入木星轨道的东西，不是什么精致
Plait: It's not some delicate,
beautiful, gossamer thing
美丽、薄纱般的东西
that you are sending
to orbit jupiter.
它更像一辆坦克
It's more like a tank.
你必须保护好这东西
You have to protect this thing
or else
否则它不会持续太久
it's not going to last
very long at all.
我们在飞船上放了几百磅的钛
We've got a couple hundred
pounds of titanium
只是为了保护我们的“朱诺号♥”
on the spacecraft
just trying to shield us
不受木星“米格战机”的袭击
from what jupiter
might throw at us,
所以在某种意义上，我们就像一辆开战的装甲坦克
so it is in a sense we're like
an armored tank going into war.
轻质钛是坚硬的
Narrator:
Lightweight titanium is tough.
“朱诺号♥”1.5英寸厚的屏蔽层
Juno's 1/2-inch-thick
shielding blocks 99%
阻挡了木星99%的有害辐射
of jupiter's vicious radiation.
但即使以这样的装备
But even at this reduced rate,
“朱诺号♥”也无法在袭击击中存活太久
juno can't survive
the bombardment for long,
所以它将自己置于环绕这颗气态巨星的
so the craft sets itself
on a unique orbit
独特轨道上
around the gas giant.
实际上它的轨道很长
It actually has a very
long orbit
大部分时间都在很远的地方
where it spends
most of its time far away,
然后每隔一段时间，它就会俯冲进去
and then every once
in a while dives in and goes,
“哦，热，热，热，热我冲得太多了”
"oh, hot, hot, hot, hot.
I zoomed in too much,"
然后安全地离开去通信和处理
and then goes safely away
to communicate and process
然后再回来
and then back in again.
“朱诺号♥”冒险潜入
Narrator:
Juno takes a mighty gamble
这些辐射带
diving deep
into these radiation belts
以实现它的一个关键目标——
to achieve
one of its key objectives --
绘制木星巨大的磁场图
mapping jupiter's
giant magnetic field,
当“朱诺号♥”环绕木星飞行时
and as juno swoops
around the planet,
它揭示了一些科学家从未见过的东西
it reveals something scientists
have never seen before.
当你观察地球时
When you look at the earth,
我们有一个相当简单的磁场
we have a fairly
simple magnetic field.
它就像一个巨大的条形磁铁
It's like a giant bar magnet
with a north
有南北磁极
and south magnetic pole.
好吧，木星也有
Well, jupiter has that as well.
这叫做偶极场
This is called a dipolar field.
它有两个极点，但它还有第三个极点
It's got two poles,
but it also has a third pole.
“朱诺号♥”的磁场地图显示了
Narrator:
Juno's magnetic field maps
南极和北极以及赤道上的奇怪磁场干扰
show a north and south pole
以及赤道上的奇怪磁场干扰
and a bizarre magnetic
disturbance at the equator.
就像木星刚刚长出了第三只手臂
And it's like jupiter
just sprouted a third arm,
这有点神秘
and that's kind of mysterious.
在磁场地图上
Narrator:
On magnetic field maps,
北极是红色的，南极是蓝色的
north poles show up red
and south poles blue,
所以科学家把第二个南极
so scientists are calling