了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E05

Part 1 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

科幻小说中的时间机器
Narrator: The time machines
of science fiction
提供了无限的可能性
offer infinite possibilities.
但时间旅行真的能成为科学事实吗？
But could time travel
ever be science fact?
我想让你们大吃一惊，但时间旅行
I want to blow your minds here,
but time travel
根本不是科幻小说
is not even remotely
science fiction.
这是绝对的科学事实
It is absolute science reality.
时间本身是可以弯曲和延展的
Time itself may be something
you can bend and stretch.
所以在某些方面，时间旅行可能
So in some respects, time travel
may be every bit as real
和我们最疯狂的
and every bit as strange
科学幻想一样真实和奇怪
as our wildest science fiction
fantasies.
通过研究时间旅行
Narrator:
By investigating time travel,
我们正在解开宇宙最深处的奥秘
we're unraveling the deepest
mysteries of the cosmos.
思考时间旅行可以教会我们
Thinking about time travel
can teach us a lot
很多关于宇宙本质的东西
about the nature
of our universe.
它迫使我们去解决
It forces us to take on
物理学中一些最难回答的问题
some of the toughest unanswered
questions in all of physics.
我们对宇宙的运作了解得越多
The more we learn about
how the universe works,
它就变得越奇怪
the stranger it gets.
宇宙是如何运行的
第八季第5集时间旅行的秘密
♪
[钟声敲响]
[ bell tolls ]
2009年英国剑桥
narrator:
Cambridge, England, 2009,
世界著名物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金
world renowned physicist
stephen hawking
举办了一个派对
threw a party.
点心准备好了香槟也倒好了
Canapés were prepared.
Champagne poured.
但宾客名单上即没有朋友也没有家人
But friends and family
weren't on the guest list.
唯一被邀请的人是时间旅行者
The only people invited
were time travelers.
他是一位研究黑洞物理学
Here's somebody who worked on
the physics of black holes,
和研究时间物理学的科学家
worked on the physics of time.
他发出自问，“如果时空旅行者存在”
And he thought to himself,
"if time travelers exist,
“他们可能会在一个特定的时空点”
they might all come together
at one specific point in space
“聚在一起开派对”
and time for a party."
邀请函上写着地点、日期和时间
narrator: The invites gave
a place, date, and time.
但他们是在派对之后才把邀请函发出去的
But they weren't sent out
until after the party happened.
[记录针划痕]
[ record needle scratches ]
但他只邀请来自未来
but he only invited people
from the future
能够回到过去的人
who could travel
back into the past.
霍金教授等啊等啊等
Narrator: Professor hawking
waited and waited and waited.
不幸的是，没有人来
Unfortunately, no one showed up.
这是时间旅行不存在的证据吗？
Is this proof that
time travel doesn't exist?
嗯，也许是的，也许只是因为
Well, no. Maybe, maybe
he's just known in the future
他开了个很烂的派对而被后人所知
as having thrown
really crappy parties.
没有客人的派对算不上什么派对
Narrator: A party without guests
isn't much of a party.
时间旅行者能回到过去，让事情变得有趣起来吗？
Could time travelers jump back
in time and liven things up?
我们都在走向未来
We're all moving
into the future.
从本质上说，这就是时间旅行
That is, in essence,
time travel.
你以每分钟60秒的速度穿越到未来
You're travelling into the
future at 60 seconds per minute.
不过，这是一种回避的说法
It's kind of a cop out, though.
当你谈论时间旅行时，你想要谈论的是
When you talk about time travel,
you want to talk about
跳跃到未来或进入过去
leap frogging into the future
or going into the past.
如果我们想去参加史蒂芬·霍金的派对
If we want to go
to stephen hawking's party,
但那已经是过去式了，我们该怎么做？
which is now in the past,
how do we do that?
[堵车铃♥声♥]
[ horns honking ]
一种方法是改变我们在时间中的通道
narrator: One way would be to
change our passage through time.
根据爱因斯坦的理论，这是有可能的
According to albert einstein,
that's possible.
塞勒:100年前，爱因斯坦发起了一场科学革命
Thaller: 100 years ago, einstein
started a scientific revolution
要求我们放弃关于
which requires us to let go
of our common sense ideas
空间和时间的常识
about what space and time are.
所以不要把我们的宇宙
So instead of thinking
of our universe
看成是一个随着时间而变化的三维空间
as a three dimensional place
that just changes over time,
我们应该把现实看成一个叫做时空的
we should think of reality
as this four dimensional place
四维空间
called spacetime.
如果你停下来想一想，你对时间的所有观察
If you stop and think about it,
all of your observations of time
都与观察物体在空间中的运动直接相关
are directly coupled to watching
something move in space right.
除了太阳的升起和落下，一天到底
What is a day really
but the rising and the setting
意味着什么
of the sun.
或者一个小时，是否仅仅是时钟上指针的运动
Or an hour, but the motion
of a hand on a clock.
三维的空间和一个维度的时间
Narrator: The three dimensions
of space are linked
联♥系♥在一起
with one dimension of time,
形成了一个四维的时空连续体
making a four dimensional
spacetime continuum.
对于那些想要穿越时空的人来说，这是个好消息
For wannabe time travelers,
that's good news.
这意味着空间运动
It means motion through space
与时间运动是相连的
is connected to motion
through time.
泰勒:我们在穿越时空
Thaller:
We move through spacetime.
不是空间或时间
Not space or time.
这个原理是这样的，如果我静止不动
And the way this works is
that if I'm standing still
即在空间中没有快速移♥动♥
and I'm not moving through space
very quickly,
那么我就会尽可能快地在时间中移♥动♥
then I move through time
as fast as is possible.
这辆德劳瑞恩跑车看起来不像在动
<电影《回到未来》中的那辆时光机器就是这辆车>
Narrator: This delorean doesn't
look like it's moving,
但它确实在动
but it is.
它在时间中移♥动♥
It's moving through time.
车身，它的驾驶员，以及它所停靠的道路
The car, it's driver,
and the road it's parked on
都在以同样的速度在时间中移♥动♥
are all moving through time
at the same rate,
一秒又一秒
second by second.
[发动车启动]
[ engine starts ]
但当司机踩下油门时……
but when the driver
hits the gas...
[发动机运转]
[ engine revs ]
……一些时间的运动
...Some of that movement
through time
转化为空间的运动
is converted into movement
through space.
一旦我进行穿越空间的运动
As soon as I have motion
through space,
一些穿越时空的内在运动
some of my intrinsic movement
through spacetime
就会被这个运动占据
is now taken up by that motion.
当我在空间中移♥动♥得很更快时，我在时间中移♥动♥得就更慢
As I move faster through space,
I move slower through time.
科学家称这个为时间膨胀
Narrator: Scientists call
this time dilation.
在塔上，马丁——
Man: From the tower, martin --
把快速移♥动♥的人类变成了时间旅行者
narrator: It turns fast moving
humans into time travelers.