了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E06

Part 4 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

this second south pole
叫做大蓝点
the great blue spot.
每个人都知道那个大红斑
Everyone knows about
the great red spot,
但木星现在也有一个大蓝点
but jupiter now has
a great blue spot as well.
磁场的扰动反映了
Narrator: This magnetic
disturbance reflects
木星暴风雨般的内部
jupiter's stormy interior.
这些快速移♥动♥的风吹在磁场上
You have these fast-moving winds
blowing on the magnetic field,
它们把磁场剪开
and they're actually
shearing it apart
使磁场四处移♥动♥
and moving the field around.
博尔顿:这不一定是风暴
Bolton: It's not
necessarily a storm,
虽然有可能
although it could be.
也许把它想象成磁暴会更好
It maybe is better to think
of it as a magnetic storm.
♪
木星内部的湍流可能会扭曲磁场
narrator: Turbulence inside
jupiter could be
来驱动巨大的蓝点和致命的辐射带
twisting up the magnetic field
to drive the great blue spot
“朱诺号♥”必须穿越这些辐射带
and the deadly radiation belts
that juno must navigate through.
与地球不同的是，木星在很大程度上
Unlike earth, jupiter
is not really a solid mass
并不是一个固体质量，所以它所有的云和气体
for the most part,
so all of its clouds and gases
都在以略微不同的速度移♥动♥
are moving
at slightly different rates,
这实际上使得产生的磁场
and that actually makes
the magnetic field
产生了非常多变的变化
that's generated very variable
and highly changing.
对于我们来说，要像木星一样
For us to have a variable
magnetic field
拥有可变磁场
like jupiter does,
整个地球都必须是熔化的
the entire earth
would have to be molten.
我们真的不希望这样的事情发生
We really don't want
that to happen.
随着“朱诺号♥”的每一次绕轨运行它揭开了这颗巨大行星
Narrator: With each orbit,
juno unravels more mysteries
的更多秘密，但木星最深处的秘密
of this giant planet,
but jupiter's deepest secret
可能会让我们看到我们自己的起源
could shine a light
on our own origins.
如果我们想要了解地球
If we want to understand
the earth
和我们在太阳系中的位置
and our place
in the solar system,
“朱诺号♥”已经发现，许多这些奥秘
juno has found that a lot
of those mysteries
都被锁在木星中
are locked up there in jupiter.
♪
♪
“朱诺号♥”宇宙飞船
narrator: The juno spacecraft
正在揭示木星的秘密
is uncovering
the secrets of jupiter
从它旋转的云层顶部到它黑暗的心脏
from its swirling cloud tops
to its dark heart,
但是“朱诺号♥”的发现超越了这个气态巨星的本身
but juno's discoveries
go beyond the gas giant itself.
他们还可以解开我们地球周围的谜团
They could also solve mysteries
surrounding our own planet.
木星是
Jupiter is the key
太阳系形成的关键
to the formation
of the solar system,
这意味着它是了解
which means it's the key
to understanding
地球如何形成的关键
how the earth formed.
“朱诺号♥”实际上让我们看到了
Juno is actually giving us
a view
我们行星系统的历史
into the history
of our planetary system,
甚至是地球的历史
even the history of earth.
46亿年前
Narrator:
4.6 billion years ago,
一团氢气和宇宙尘埃崩塌
a cloud of hydrogen gas
and cosmic dust collapses,
引发核聚变
sparking nuclear fusion.
由此在混乱中
From the resulting chaos,
产生一颗恒星，四颗岩质行星
one star, four rocky worlds,
和四颗气态巨星诞生了
and four gassy giants are born
并形成了我们的太阳系
and form our solar system.
太阳系有这些不同的区域——
There's these distinct zones
of the solar system --
内部有岩石和金属
rocky and metallic
in the inner part,
外部有丰富的气体和水
gaseous and water-rich
in the outer part,
即使不仔细思考，这也是有道理的
and even without thinking
about that too hard,
因为离太阳近
it kind of makes sense
because in close to the sun,
温度更高
it's warmer.
离太阳越远，温度越低
Out farther away from the sun,
it's cooler.
但是地球打破了这种模式
Narrator: But the earth
breaks the mold.
我们星球上的水比理论预测的要多得多
Our planet has far more water
than theories predict.
地球形成于太阳系的一部分
The earth formed in a part
of the solar system that,
嗯，你通常会认为它应该非常干燥
well, you'd think normally
should be probably pretty dry
因为它非常接近太阳
because it was pretty
close to the sun.
我们的星球离太阳只有一亿五千万英里（约二亿四千万公里）
Narrator: Our planet is just
150 million miles from the sun,
这使我们处于科学家所说的雪线之内
putting us inside what
scientists call the snow line.
在这条线内，太阳有足够的能量
Inside this line,
the sun is powerful enough
在行星形成过程中蒸发水分
to evaporate water
during a planet's formation.
在雪线内，温度很高
Inside the snow line,
the temperatures are high,
附近有大量来自太阳的能量
and there's a lot of energy
from the sun nearby.
如果离太阳太近
Too close to the sun,
这些气体和富含冰的物质就不可能存在
those gaseous and ice-rich
materials just can't exist.
它们被太阳的热量蒸发掉了
They're evaporate away
by the heat of the sun.
我们的水世界应该是太空中的一块干燥的岩石
Narrator: Our watery world
should be a dry rock in space.
了解水是如何到达地球的非常重要
Understanding how water got
to the earth is so important
因为非常非常早的时候，水并不会在地球上
because it wouldn't be there
in the very, very beginning.
但是木星可以解开这个谜团
Narrator: But jupiter could hold
the answer to this mystery.
为了解开地球上的水之谜
To solve the riddle
of earth's water,
“朱诺号♥”的目标是发现我们的木星是在哪里诞生的
juno aims to discover
where our jupiter was born.
了解木星形成的方式
Understanding how and where
地点和时间至关重要
and when jupiter formed
is critical
因为它确实主导了
because it has really dominated
整个太阳系的演化
the entire evolution
of the solar system.
它是目前为止最大的行星
It's the biggest planet by far.
它是世界上最大的东西，它让一切都在移♥动♥
It's the biggest thing out there
that's moving everything around.
太阳系早期的任何水
Narrator: Any water in the early
solar system
都可能在木星强大的引力作用下移♥动♥
could've been moved around
by jupiter's mighty gravity,
所以如果“朱诺号♥”可以追溯这颗巨大行星的历史
so if juno can trace the history
of this giant planet,
那就可以解释为什么我们那里发现水是最不可能的
that could explain why we find
h2o where it's least expected.
我们知道行星在形成的过程中会接近太阳移♥动♥
We know that planets can move
closer to the sun
也会远离太阳移♥动♥
and farther out
while they're forming
那么我们如何知道
and even after they form,
木星是在哪里形成的呢？
so how do we figure out
where jupiter formed?
关键是有多少水
Narrator:
The key is how much water is
锁在木星内部
locked up inside jupiter.
如果我们能了解木星是如何与水建立联♥系♥的
If we can understand how jupiter