了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

太阳 我们的超级核场所
The sun, our nuclear powerhouse
赋予我们世界光和能量的明星
Our star, its light powers our world and us
没有光 我们无法生存
Without light, we would not be alive
我们从太阳的核心开始
Starting deep inside the sun
以光的最小单位 光子
We follow the brutal journey
来进行一场残酷的旅行
Of a single, tiny package of light -- A photon
当我仰望太阳时 光子进入我的眼睛
The ride that any photon takes to get to my eyes
这是件很奇妙的事情
When i look up at the sun is an amazing one
从太阳诞生时的古老核心
From its ancient birth in the sun's core
到达表面并逃逸
To its escape from the surface
从太阳射到我身上的光
The light reaching me from the sun
甚至是在人类文明之前产生的
Was produced before there was even human civilization
这是一个不可思议的想法
It's an incredible idea
和光子一起
Join our photon
进行令人难以置信的百万年旅程
On its incredible million-Year journey
经历太阳系中最恶劣的环境
Through the most hostile environment in the solar system
把光和生命带到地球
To bring light and life to earth
了解宇宙如何运行
第三季
宇宙 几十亿个星系的家园
The universe, home to billions of galaxies
从太阳核心开始的旅行
每一个星系都由数几十亿个星体组成
each made of billions of stars
在我们的银河系 一个不起眼角落里
And, in an unremarkable corner of our galaxy, the milky way
有我们最亲密的恒星 太阳
Lies the sun, our closest star
太阳有着我们肉眼无法直视的光芒
a dazzling sphere of intense light, too bright for the naked eye
但是去掉炫光 将太阳转变为一个
But strip away that glare, and the sun transforms Into a giant ball
没有光芒的超级炽热的气体球
Of super heated gas dominating our cosmic stage
太阳是真正的超级明星
The sun is really the star of the show
太阳是整个太阳系的母体
The sun is the parent of the whole solar system
它给与它的行星孩子
It provides its children, the planets
全部所需
With everything they need
我们依靠太阳取得能量 阳光和温暖
We depend on the sun for energy, for light, for warmth
没有太阳我们将不复存在
We would not exist without the sun
太阳产生的光和热
The sun generates heat and light
是地球上所有生命的能量来源
The energy source for all life on earth
包括我们身体的能量
All of the energy that my body uses
实际上 现在我能和你交谈
Literally what i'm doing to talk to you right now
也要感谢太阳的能量
Came from the sun
太阳真的是我们周围所有人的生命创造者
The sun truly is the creator of all of the life around us
太阳是一个核反应场所
The sun is a constantly exploding
这种核爆发是必需的
Nuclear bomb, violent and essential
我们的整个存在都依赖
Our entire existence is powered by the energy
太阳内进行的核反应产生的能量
Emitted in those nuclear reactions in the sun
我们存在是因为来自太阳的光
We are here because of the light from the sun
我们存在是由于太阳的核反应
We are here because of those nuclear reactions
如果太阳不存在
And no aspect of our existence could persist
我们将不复存在
If it wasn't there
光是构成宇宙的基本元素之一
Light is one of the basic building blocks of the universe
我觉得光可能是
I find light to be probably
宇宙中最神奇的事情
The most amazing thing in the universe.
它对所有的一切是如此重要
It's so important in everything.
我的意思是 所有东西 所有地方
I mean, it's everything. It's everywhere.
所以 他是一切存在的基本元素
So, it's such a fundamental part of everything that exists.
不可或缺和快速
Fundamental and fast.
光是宇宙中最快的
The fastest thing in the cosmos
速度高达每秒186000英里（30万公里每秒）
traveling at 186,000 miles per second
太阳是距离我们大约9300万英里（1.5亿公里）
The sun is about 93 million miles away from us
所以 太阳光到达我们地球
So, going at 186,000 miles per second,
需要8分钟
That's about eight minutes
但这8分钟
But those eight minutes
只是其令人难以置信旅程的最后短暂的一瞬
Are just the brief last leg of its incredible journey
光从太阳残酷的内部到达表面
It may have taken the light as much as a million years
需要100万年
To escape from the sun's raging interior
这意味着我们现在看到的光
which means the light we're seeing right now
是很久以前产生的
Was created long before
就像祖先留下的遗产
Our ancestors left the plains of africa
当我第一次得知这一事实
When i first learned this fact,
我已经是一个实习科学家
I was already a practicing scientist
我当然不会真的对此大吃一惊
I had never really thought about that,
不过真的让我始料未及
And on first glance, it just blew me away
现在从太阳到达我的光
Right now the light reaching me from the sun
甚至是在人类文明之前产生的
Was produced before there was even human civilization
然而 当它到达太阳表面后
And yet, the minute it gets to the surface of the sun,
它只需要8分钟就能到达这里
It races away and is here eight minutes after that
这是一个难以置信的事实
It's an incredible idea
当我抬头看太阳时 任何一个光子都能到达我的眼睛
The ride that any photon takes to get to my eyes
这是一个神奇的旅程
When i look up at the sun is an amazing one
旅程开始于太阳的内部
That ride starts deep in the belly of our star
如果我们能打开太阳
If we could open up the sun
我们将会看到深达十几万英里的
We'd see layers of dense hydrogen gas
稠密氢气层
Hundreds of thousands of miles deep
在它的核心深处产生
And at its center, the core, the sun gives birth to light
这是宇宙中最暴♥力♥的核反应之一
forged in one of the most violent reactions In the universe, nuclear fusion
太阳的核反应具体来说是聚变反应
The specific nuclear reaction that powers the sun is fusion
氢聚变成氦
Fusion of hydrogen into helium
两个氢原子 撞击结合在一起
You take two hydrogen atoms, you ram them together
反应剩下的就是氦原子
And what's left over is a helium atom
这听起来很简单
It sounds simple enough
但并不简单
But it's not
实际上两个原子的聚变反应很难进行
It's actually hard to get two atoms to fuse
两个质子带有相同的电荷
Two photons have the same charge
他们都带正电荷 互相排斥
They're both positively charged. they want to repel each other
质子不喜欢靠近在一起
Protons don't like to get close together
必须有巨大的能量或者速度来使得他们相互接近
They have to come together with a huge amount Of energy or velocity
才能发生聚变反应
To get close enough to begin to fuse
这是非常非常稀有的条件
And that's very, very rare
迫使质子结合在一起
To force protons together
需要巨大的热量和压力
Takes immense amounts of heat and pressure
不可见的引力可以提供这些
generated by the invisible hand of gravity
太阳包含了太阳系中99.8%的物质
The sun contains 99.8% of all the matter In the solar system
这是一个很大的质量
That's a lot of mass
质量产生难以想象的引力
All that mass pulls the sun together
将太阳聚合在一起
With unimaginable gravitational force
随着引力的挤压作用
With gravity crushing things down
使得足够接近聚变反应发生的条件
Things get close enough together and nuclear fusion happens
在核心内部
In this nuclear compactor
氢原子被聚集在一起
Hydrogen atoms slam together
进行每秒100万亿亿亿次的碰撞
100 million quadrillion quadrillion times each second
这些碰撞是如此强大 使得原子聚合
Some of these collisions are so powerful that atoms fuse
同时释放出能量
Releasing energy
当质子结合在一起
When the protons come together to bind together
他们会损失一点点的质量
They lose a little bit of mass
损失的质量转化为大量的能量
And that mass gets converted into energy
每一天的每一秒
And every second of every day
约500万吨♥的物质被转化为能量
About five million tons of stuff is being converted to energy
如此神奇
It's amazing
碰撞导致的能量释放
Each collision creates a tiny burst of energy
一个小小的粒子能释放难以置信的能量
A packet of light impossibly small and incredibly powerful
光子将其能量传递到地球
Somehow, our photon will deliver its energy to earth
为我们的生活提供能量
Where it will power the planet and make life possible
但是现在它不像我们看到的光
But right now it's nothing like the light we see
它有大量的能量 并且是致命的
It has massive amounts of energy, and it's deadly
我们看到的太阳光是很久以前的
The light we see from our star is old
从太阳（内部）达到地球的光 比八分钟要久远的多
much older than the eight minutes it takes to get from the sun to earth
穿越太空只是光漫长而艰难旅程的结束
That short leap across space is the end of a long, hard journey
旅程从太阳深处开始
That starts deep inside our sun
当我们看向太阳
When we look at the sun
我们说 “多么美丽 多么优雅 多么淳朴”
We say, "how beautiful, how elegant, and how simple"
光来自太阳
Light is formed in the sun
它照耀着我们的世界
And it shines and lights up our world
嗯 就是如此
Well, not so fast
过程实际上很复杂