了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E02

Part 8 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:58 p.m.

will thin the astronauts' bones.
肌肉会萎缩
Muscles will waste away,
使着陆时行走困难
making walking
on landing difficult.
我们得进化
We've evolved.
我们是在一个有重力的星球上长大的
We've grown up
on a planet with gravity.
如果你是在外太空的宇航员
And as soon as you're
an astronaut in outer space
在失重状态下漂浮
floating around
in weightlessness,
这看起来很有趣
it looks like a lot of fun
但实际上，你的身体正在从内部恶化
but, actually, your body is
deteriorating from the inside.
宇航员在返回地球的时候需要帮助
Narrator:
Astronauts need assistance
to walk when returning to earth.
如果 NASA 的火星工作人员
If nasa's mars crew arrive
on the red planet
抵达火星时身体状况很差，他们将无法♥正♥常工作
in a poor physical state,
they won't be able to function.
[模糊的声音]
[ indistinct talking ]
在太空中进行高♥强♥度的锻炼
intense exercise regimes
in space
可以帮助宇航员保持健康
would help the crew
stay fit and healthy.
但我们对长♥期♥的
But we're in the dark
太空旅行的全面影响一无所知
about the full impact
of extended space travel.
在火星任务中
On a mission to mars,
人体将被推向极限
bodies will be pushed
to the extreme.
如果说把人类送上火星
To say that sending humans
to mars
是一项挑战，这是一种轻描淡写的说法
is a challenge
would be an understatement.
我们必须要超越自己
We could be ahead of ourselves.
普莱特:最终我们会失去这样做的人
Plait: Eventually we're going
to lose people doing this,
这是我们必须面对的事情
and that's something
we have to face.
问题是，这样做值得吗？
The question is,
is it worth it?
但是可能没有选择
Narrator:
But there may not be a choice.
我们知道，随着时间的推移
We know that, over time,
这个星球将不适合居住
this planet
is not going to be habitable.
所以我们真的应该考虑
So we really should consider
是否有地球以外的地方我们可以去
if there are places
we can go outside of earth.
♪
NASA 的火星任务
narrator:
Nasa's mission to mars
将是历史上最艰难的任务
will be the toughest
undertaking in its history.
从地球上发射将是一个巨大的挑战
The launch from earth will be
a monumental challenge...
……火星之旅充满了危险
...The journey to mars
filled with danger,
在这颗红色星球上生存
and survival on
the red planet will be a test
将是 NASA 前所未有的考验
unlike anything
nasa has faced before.
我们很容易列一个清单
It's easy
to make a bullet list
说明为什么去火星这么难
of of why going to mars is hard.
这将是一个很长的列表
And that's going to be
a long list,
这些重点将是很可怕的
and those bullet points
are going to be scary.
其中很多都是严重的问题
A lot of these
are serious problems.
NASA 的火星任务必须成功
Narrator: Nasa's mission to mars
needs to be a success.
地球正处于危险之中
Earth is in danger
从气候变化
from climate change
到小行星撞击
to asteroid strikes
再到核毁灭
to nuclear destruction.
我们需要一个逃跑计划
We need an escape plan.
拉德堡:地球在未来可能只需要一艘救生艇
Radebaugh:
Earth may just need a lifeboat
in the future.
我们的发展非常迅速
We are growing very quickly,
我们正在使用大量的资源
and we're using
a lot of our resources.
我们正在改变这个星球
We're changing the planet.
沃尔什:我们在找救生艇
Walsh:
We're looking for a lifeboat.
也许火星是最接近的，也是最有可能的
Maybe mars is the closest,
best chance we've got.
尽管有挑战
Narrator:
Despite the challenges,
NASA 的目标是在21世纪30年代将猎户座飞船
nasa's goal is to send
the orion spacecraft to mars
送上火星
in the 2030s.
但要做到这一点，我们需要彩排
But to do that,
we need a rehearsal.
杜尔达:我很想看到我们去火星
Durda: I'd love to
see us go to mars.
我自己就很想去
I would love to go myself.
但是在我们尝试之前
But it might be nice
to have a little bit of practice
最好稍微练习一下
before we try it.
还有什么地方比离家近的地方更适合练习呢？
Narrator:
Where better to practice than
a destination closer to home.
最终目标是让人类登上火星
The ultimate aim is to get
humans to mars, and one approach
其中一种方法是首先设定一个让人类重返月球的目标
is to first have a goal of
getting humans back to the moon.
“猎户座”将会第一次进行到月球的短途旅行
Narrator: Orion will first make
the shorter trip to the moon.
兰扎:利用月球有很多优点
Lanza:
There are a lot of advantages
to using the moon.
我们可以在不同的操作场景测试
We can test out different
scenarios for operations
我们也可以在离家更近的地方
we can also
test out technologies
进行测试，因为如果出现问题
much more close to home, and so
if something were to go awry,
我们可以更容易地进行干预
we can much
more easily intervene.
这样更安全
It's a little bit safer.
如果我们把人送上火星
If we send people to mars,
你知道，在他们需要的时候
you know, it's going to be
a lot harder for us
我们要帮助他们就会困难得多
to help them if they need it.
NASA 的猎户座登月任务
Narrator:
Nasa's orion moon missions
will be far more
将远不止是一次训练演习
than just a training exercise.
他们将用它们来建造一个叫做“驿站”的月球前哨站
They'll use them to build
a lunar outpost called gateway,
一个在月球轨道上的空间站
a space station in orbit
around the moon.
这比在地球上建造东西
It's actually a lot easier
to do that
然后让它离开地球轨道
than trying to build
something on earth
要容易得多
and get it out of earth orbit.
六项计划中有一个任务是将在月球轨道上
Narrator: Six planned missions
will build and maintain
建造和维护一个空间站
a space station
in orbit around the moon.
这将是一个帮助我们到达红色星球的
It will be a proving ground
for the technology
技术和科学的试验场
and the science that will
help us get to the red planet.
一旦 NASA 解决了所有问题
And once nasa
has ironed out any problems,
真正的任务就可以开始了
the real mission can begin.
驿站对人类来说不仅仅是一小步
Gateway won't simply be
a small step for man.
这将是通往另一个星球的跳板
It'll be a springboard
to another planet.
当我们第一次把人类送到另一个星球
When we first sent humans
to another planetary body,
那就是月球，我们以前从来没有这样做过
it was the moon, and we had
never done that before.
所以现在我们已经掌握了登月技术
So now we've got the moon
under our belt.
我们知道如何把人送到另一个星球
We know something about how to
send people to another planet.
我们还不具备将人类送上火星所需的所有技术
We don't yet have all the
technologies that we might need