了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S08E01

Part 3 Jan. 30, 2022, 2:57 p.m.

Imagine what would happen
if an explosion a thousand times
大1000倍的爆♥炸♥袭击纽约，会发生什么
greater than that over hiroshima
hit new york.
我们说的是这座城市和数百万人
We're talking about an utter
complete destruction of the city
会彻底毁灭
and millions of people.
在这么少的警告下
Narrator:
With so little warning,
唯一的选择就是撤离纽约市
the only option would be
to evacuate new york city.
我们怎么可能能在几天内
How do we get everybody out
of new york city
把所有人都赶出纽约？
within just a few days?
这就是令人恐慌的地方
That's where panic sets in.
这就是恐惧真正成为主导情绪的地方
That's where fear would really
become the dominant emotion.
任何留在纽约的人
Narrator: Anyone left
in new york city
都会看到呼啸而来陨石……
would see the bolide
racing in...
接着是刺眼的亮光……
...Followed
by a blinding light...
小行星在城市上空爆♥炸♥
As the asteroid explodes
above the city.
爆♥炸♥威力相当于地球上有史以来
The blast would be equivalent
to the largest nuclear weapon
最大的核武器
ever detonated on earth.
普里特:建筑物会被夷为平地，融化
Plait: Buildings would be
flattened, melted.
在爆♥炸♥的最初瞬间
There would be fires
for miles around
方圆数英里内都会有大火
in the first moments
of the explosion.
100万人可能当场死亡
A million people
could be killed instantly
更多的人随后会死在瓦砾中
and many more would die later
in the rubble,
会死在事件发生的废墟中
in the ruins
of what would happen there.
距离震中9英里（约14.5公里）以内的一切
Narrator:
Everything within nine miles
of the blast epicenter
都将被彻底摧毁
would be completely destroyed.
♪
高温和高压会摧毁建筑物
the intense heat and
pressure would wreck buildings.
萨特:对纽约人来说，这可能是最糟糕的一天
Sutter: It's the worst possible
day for new yorkers,
不仅仅是这座城市本身
and not just the city itself.
大约有1500万人
There's something like
15 million people
居住在纽约地区
living in the new york area.
冲击波会蔓延到250平方英里（约650平方公里）的地方
Narrator:
The shock wave would race
out over 250 square miles.
这肯定是美国有史以来
This would certainly be
the worst disaster
曾经经历过的最严重的灾难
that the u.S.
Has ever experienced.
我们说的是数百万人在瞬间
We're talking about millions
and millions of people
受到影响而流离失所
displaced,
affected within an instant.
♪
这个场景只是一个模拟……现在
narrator: This scenario is
just a simulation...For now.
♪
阿波菲斯小行星正朝我们飞来
the asteroid apophis
is heading our way.
如果它撞到地球
If it hits earth,
可能不仅仅会杀死一座城市
it might not just kill a city.
它可以杀死整个地区
It could kill a whole region.
那时候我可不想在场
I wouldn't exactly
want to be there
我要离得很远很远
when that happens --
want to be very, very far away.
阿波菲斯将在2029年掠过地球
Narrator: Apophis will skim
earth in 2029.
但它的路径可能会改变
ut its path could change,
可能会让未来失去希望……
possibly turning
a future miss...
直接命中
Into a direct hit.
♪
♪
2029年4月13日
narrator: April 13, 2029,
一个小光点冲向地球
a speck of light
races towards the earth.
这是一颗1100英尺宽的小行星，叫做阿波菲斯
It's an 1,100 foot wide asteroid
called apophis.
我们即将迎来一场极其惊险的胜利
We are about to have
an extremely close shave.
这是在很长很长一段时间内
It's the closest approach
of any asteroid
没有撞击地球的小行星中，距离地球最近的一次
that didn't actually hit us
for a long, long time.
它将比月球要近10倍
It will be 10 times closer
than the moon itself.
它离得很近，比某些恒星
It'll be so close that
it will be brighter
还要亮
than some stars.
足球场大小的阿波菲斯
Narrator: The football-stadium
sized apophis
将飞越大西洋
will race over the atlantic.
普雷特:如果它在地球表面
Plait: If it were sitting on
the surface of the earth,
像这么一个重达
it would weigh
about 50 million tons,
5000万吨♥左右的东西
something like that,
你不会希望你当时在那里的
and that is not the place
you want it to be.
你希望它在太空中，在很远的地方
You want it to be in space
and far away.
当我们在2004年发现阿波菲斯时
Narrator: When we discovered
apophis in 2004,
我们认为它可能会与地球发生碰撞
we thought it might be
on a collision course with earth
其潜在影响
with a potential impact
比有史以来最大的原♥子♥弹♥爆♥炸♥的影响还要大
greater than the largest
atomic bomb ever exploded.
杜尔达:我们这个星球上有史以来
Durda: The largest nuclear
device, atomic device
引爆的最大的核装置是俄♥罗♥斯♥的沙皇炸♥弹♥
ever detonated on our planet was
the tsar bomba bomb in russia,
大约55或56兆吨♥TNT当量
so something like
55 or 56 megatons.
当喀拉喀托火山
When krakatoa
exploded in 1883
在1883年爆♥炸♥的时候，大约有两百万吨♥
that was something
like 200 megatons.
阿波菲斯的撞击将达到450兆吨♥
Apophis' impact
would be 450 megatons.
如果这样的事情发生在纽约
If something like that were
to happen over new york city
或华盛顿特区你将失去这座城市
or washington d.C.,
you're going to lose the city.
这次撞击的影响至少
Narrator: The impact would be
at least 10 times greater
比模拟的小行星撞击纽约大10倍
than the simulated
asteroid strike on new york.
♪
萨特:嗯，当你这么说的时候
sutter: Well, when you put it
in those terms,
那就太可怕了
that's just plain scary.
总而言之，来自阿波菲斯大小的小行星的撞击
In a word, an impact
from an apophis-sized asteroid
将是糟糕的……非常非常糟糕
would be bad --
very, very bad.
本世纪，阿波菲斯轨道
Narrator: Apophis' orbit
will cross earth
将每七年穿过地球一次
every seven years
this century.
它不会在2029年撞击地球
It won't hit us in 2029,
但这次近距离可能会改变阿波菲斯的轨道
but this close encounter
could change apophis' orbit.
当一个小的小行星遇到一个更大的天体，比如行星
When a small asteroid encounters
a bigger body like a planet,
它就像一群轮滑选手
it's like a bunch
of roller derby players.
它们大多数都聚集在一起
Most of them
are clumped together,
但也许有一些只是在它们自己的特定轨道上
but maybe there's one just on
their own particular orbit,
绕着圈运行
and as they circle around,
当它们接近更大的团块时
as they get close
to that larger clump,
会有一些相互作用——
there'll be some interactions --
潜在的暴♥力♥互动——
potentially violent
interactions --
这将改变孤独的轮滑选手